Report on Panchagavya made under the program RAWE Student Experential Learning program Report presented by 19212AGC101 Prakash kumar

1. Institute of Agricultural Sciences
Department of Agronomy
Assignment
On
Panchagavya Preparation
Under the Supervision of
Dr. R.S. Meena Sir
SUBMITTED BY
Prakash kumar
ID- 19212AGC101 Enrolment -412197

2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Apart from my efforts, the success of any work mostly
depends on the encouragement & guidance of others. I would
like to express my sincere gratitude to the people who have
given me golden opportunity to learn new things via this
programs & given their valuable guidance & encouragement
in successful completion of this assignment.
My special thanks to respected professor Dr. R.N. Meena for
mentoring my assignment. I show my greatest gratitude to
them for their tremendous support & help. I always feel
motivated & encouraged after working under their guidance &
without them this assignment would have been materialize.
I would also thank my friends for the tremendous support in
completion the assignment. I would like to thanks the
omnipotent god & a friend who helped me directly or
indirectly in my assertation work.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my family for
their love, patience, encouragement & understanding. My
parents are the source of my motivation & inspiration
throughout my work. They act as backbone in my entire life.

3. ▪ Panchagavya is an organic product having the potential to
promoting growth and providing immunity in plant system
▪ Panchagavya consists of five cow products viz. cow dung,
cow urine, milk, curd, ghee
▪ When suitably mixed and used, “these have miraculous
effects” Panchagavya
Why Panchagavya?
❖When inorganic systems change in organic farming then
yield reduce. But Panchagavya have the capacity to restore the
efficacy of yield level
❖It can be easily prepared by farmers at low
❖No need of special techniques
➢Used as a growth-promoter
➢Safeguards plants and soil micro-organisms
➢Plants produce largest leaves and develops denser canopy
➢Plant produce more branches
➢Rooting is penetrating to deep layers and helps in better
intake of nutrients and water
➢ Plants are able to stand protected in drought conditions
Benefits of Panchagavya
Ingredients-
Fresh cow dung 5 kg Cow ghee 1 kg Cow urine 3 lit. Cow milk
2 lit. Cow curd 2 kg = (13 kg) Alternative ingredients
For better quaility mixed the sugarcane juice= 3 lit.
Tender coconut water = 3 lit.
Ripe bananas = 12

4. * If sugarcane juice not available we can mix 500gm juggery
dissolve in 3 lit. Water
Procedure-
Take a wide mouth plastic, clay or wooden container. Do NOT
use a metal container. We have taken clay pot available at
farm. Make sure it’s clean and sundry it for a day or two to
sterilize it.
• Mix the cow dung and ghee in the container using a wooden
stick. Again, do not use any metal here.
Mix the cow dung and ghee in the container using a wooden
stick. Again, do not use any metal here. Stir in clockwise
direction in a rhythmic motion. Then stir in anti-clockwise
direction. Do not mix vigorously. It will kill the beneficial
microbes in cow dung.
• Cover the container using thick cloth to protect it from insects.
Leave this mixture for three days. Keep it away from direct
sunlight and rain. Give it a stir once in the morning and once in
the evening. Twelve times in each direction works well.

5. • On the fourth day slowly stir in all other ingredients. Make
sure you are mixing them in while stirring the mixture in a single
direction slowly.
Leave this to ferment for 15 days. Give it a stir once in the
morning and once in the evening. Store it in a place away from
direct sun and rain. Keep it covered and give it a stir two times
a day.
Physio-chemical properties of Panchagavya
Chemical
composition
Microbial load

6. pH 5.45 Fungi 38800/ml
EC dSm2 10.22 Bacteria 1880000/ml
Total N (ppm) 229 Lactobacillus 2260000/ml
Total P (ppm) 209 Total
anaerobes
10000/ml
Total K (ppm) 232 Acid Formers 360/ml
Sodium 90 Methanogen 250/ml
Calcium 25
IAA (ppm) 8.5
GA (ppm) 3.5
Times of application-
➢Pre flowering phase: once in 15 days, two sprays depending
upon duration of crops
➢Flowering and pod setting stage: once in 10 days, two sprays
➢Fruit/pod maturation stage: once during pod maturation.
Application systems
➢On standing crop 3% solution are more effective. ➢It doses
not harmfully in higher and lower concentration. ➢When
sprayed with power sprayer, solution is to be filtered. Spray
system
The solution of Panchagavya can be mixed with irrigation water
at 50 litres per hectare.
Seed treatment & storage-
➢ In 3% solution can be soaked the seeds or dip the
seedlings for 20 minutes before planting.
➢ Rhizomes of Turmeric, Ginger and sets of Sugarcane
can be soaked for 30 minutes before planting.
➢ 3% of Panchagavya solution can be used to dip the
seeds before drying and storing them.
➢The rooting is profuse and dense.

7. ➢Further they remain fresh for a long time.
On roots Effect of Panchagavya -
➢The roots spread and grow into deeper layers
➢All such roots help maximum intake of nutrients and
water.
On stem
The trunk produces side shoots, which are sturdy and
capable of carrying maximum fruits on maturity.
Branching is comparatively high.
On Leaf
Plants sprayed with Panchagavya invariably produce
bigger leaves
Plant develops denser canopy.
 The photosynthetic system is activated for enhanced
biological efficiency.
Yield
➢When the land is converted to organic farming from
inorganic systems of culture there will be yield depression
under normal condition
➢ Then Panchagavya is restore the efficacy of yield level
➢The crops ready to harvest is advanced by 15 days
➢It not only enhances the shelf life of vegetables, fruits
and grains, but also improves the taste.
Storage of Panchagavya
❖Can be stored for 6 months without deterioration in
quality
❖It stir daily (Mor./Eve.) To keep Panchagavya to avoid
thickness
❖Add cow urine, when solution become thick
Case Study-

8. Krishnapriya et al., (2011) studied the effect of Panchagavya
on the growth and biochemical contents of Oryza Sativa var.
Ponni
Method: - ➢Panchagavya prepared
➢Applied through flow irrigation on the 15,30,45, and 60 DAS
(Day after sowing).
Table- Growth & Yield attributes of Oryza sativa Var. ponni
Parameters Panchagavya
amended soil
Control
Shoot length (cm) 17.2 16.4
Height of the plant
(cm)
128 117
No. of grains in
each spikelet
205 87
No. of spikelets 21 16
Weight of the
spikelets(g)
90 75
1000 grains
weight(g)
450 357
Table- Biochemical analysis of Oryza sativa Var. ponni
grains
Biochemical
contents (250g)
Panchagavya
amended soil
Control
Protein(g) 19 12
Carbohydrates (g) 169 155
2nd Case Study-
Thirumeninathan et al., (2017) Studied on cowpea they
showed the response of Panchagavya foliar spray on growth,
Yield and economics of fodder cowpea

9. They used several treatments for their experiment which are as
follows: -
T1- Control,
T2 – Recommended Dose Fertilizer (RDF) (25: 40: 20 NPK/ha)
T3 – Panchagavya spray 2% @ 10 days interval
T4 - Panchagavya spray 3% @ 10 days interval
T5 - Panchagavya spray 2% @ 15 days interval
T6 - Panchagavya spray 3% @ 15days interval
T7 - Panchagavya spray 2% @ 20 days interval
T8 - Panchagavya spray 3% @ 20 days interval
Table- Effect of Panchagavya on growth, leaf- Stem ratio,
Yield & Economics of fodder Cowpea
Treatments Plan
t
heig
ht
(cm)
Lea
f &
Ste
m
rati
o
Gree
n
Fora
ge
Yield
(t/ha)
Dry
Matter
Yield(t/
ha)
Cros
s
Retu
rn
(Rs/h
a)
Net
retur
n
(Rs/h
a)
B:C
Rat
io
T1- Control 84.8
7
0.7
5
23.93 3.13 2900
0
1135
0
1.6
4
T2-
Recommend
ed Dose
Fertilizer
(25N:40P:20
K/ha)
121.
90
0.7
8
28.80 6.44 5660
0
3308
3
2.4
1
T3-
Panchagavy
a spray 2%
@ 10 days
interval
101.
47
0.8
1
24.80 46.97 4960
0
2935
0
2.4
5
T4- 113. 0.8 26.93 51.76 5380 3395 2.6

10. Panchagavy
a spray 3%
@ 10 days
interval
50 8 0 0 4
T5-
Panchagavy
a spray 2%
@ 15 days
interval
95.8
3
0.7
8
24.10 42.95 4820
0
2795
0
2.3
2
T6-
Panchagavy
a spray 3%
@ 15 days
interval
108.
50
0.8
6
26.40 50.62 5280
0
3335
0
2.7
1
T7-
Panchagavy
a spray 2%
@ 20 days
interval
93.1
3
0.7
5
23.33 41.02 4780
0
2795
0
2.4
1
T8-
Panchagavy
a spray 3%
@ 20 days
interval
103.
43
0.8
1
25.46 48.21 5080
0
3135
0
2.5
4
S. Ed 6.33 0.0
5
9.72 4.50 - - -
CD (p=0.05) 7.57 0.1
0
2.085 0.96 - - -
Conclusion ➢Panchagavya is best product for increase crop
yield.
➢It is easily available for farmer at low cost.
➢It also increase soil fertility and take care of environment.