B.Sc(Hons.)Ag 7th sem

1. RURALAGRICULTURAL WORK EXPERIENCE
&
AGRO-INDUSTRIALATTACHMENT
Submitted By
Mr. Harichandra Singh
B.Sc.(Hons.) Ag 7th Sem
Roll No. 20209102123
Submitted To
Under the Guidance of
Dr. Kanika Issar
Department of Agriculture,
DIBNS
PRESENTATION ON

2. ON CAMPUS TRAINING
A.Organic Farming
B.Remote Sensing & GIS

3. A. Organic Farming:-
In simple terms, the meaning of organic farming is that it is a farming
process where use of fertilizers and pest control means are created or
acquired from organic materials. Such a process does not enforce a harmful
and degrading effect on our environment.

5. Panchagavya
Panchagavya is an organic product that can be used as manure.
This is prepared by using five main ingredients cow dung,
cow urine, cow milk, desi cow ghee, and curd. Panchagavya
is used for organic farming as it plays a major role in the
growth of plants and also in increasing the immunity of plants.

6. For 10 kg Panchgavya Preparation
Step 1
 Mixed 5kg Cow dung & 0.5kg Ghee in a bucket.
 Up to 3 days stir it every day 2 times.
 Cover it with cotton cloths to check the inter of dust and ants
and other pests.
Step 2
 In another bucket Mixed 5ltr of cow urine ,1kg curd, 1.5ltr
milk, 1.5ltr tender coconut water ,1.5ltr Jaggery, 6pices of
banana.
 Keep it separately for 2 weeks for better fermentation.
 After 2 weeks mix the both what we prepared in step 1 and
step 2.
 Keep it in shade for a month.
 Regular stir the solution every morning and evening hours
for better microbial growth
 After it will be ready for use.

7. B. Remote Sensing & GIS
 Remote sensing is defined as the art and science of
gathering information about objects or areas from a
distance without having physical contact with objects
area being investigated.
 Remote sensing is a type of geospatial technology that
samples emitted and reflected electromagnetic (EM)
radiation from the Earth’s terrestrial, atmospheric, and
aquatic ecosystems in order to detect and monitor the
physical characteristics of an area without making
physical contact

8. A geographic information system (GIS)
 A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer
system that captures, stores, analyses and displays all
types of data related to positions on earth’s surface.
 It integrates location data with all types of descriptive
information, allowing individuals and organizations to
better understand spatial patterns and relationships.
The Component of GIS are:
1. Hardware
2. Software
3. Data
4. User
5. Method

9. Use of Remote Sensing & GIS in
Agriculture

10. Google Earth
 This is a powerful yet simple tool for viewing information
geographically whether it is viewing climate information, analyzing
change over time, seeing the world the same way you’re used to
seeing, or remembering routes taken while on vacation
Fig. The toolbar in Google Earth pro.

11. OFF CAMPUS TRAINING
I. PLANT CLINIC
II. AGRO-INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT
III.VILLAGE ATTACHMENT
IV.UNIT ATTACHMENT

12. I. Plant Clinic
• A plant clinic is a facility where farmers take samples of their infected plants to
agronomists and extension agents who diagnose and recommend pest management
measures. The advice may include use of pesticides or crop management methods
like crop rotation, fertilizer use etc.

13. Follow chart of practices done by plant clinic
Visit in the crop field
Collection of plant sample
Identified pest and diseases based upon symptoms
Bring sample in lab or plant clinic
Analyze and supervise the sample under lab condition
Confirm the presence of problems and preserve the sample
Control measure should be provided to farmer by the plant doctor

14. Activities Done:
Identification of Pathogens:
I.. Rice Crop
1. Rice Blast or Blast of Rice:
Causal Organism: Pyricularia oryzae
2. Bacterial Leaf Blight:-
Causal Organism:
Xanthomonas oryza pv oryzae

15. 3. False Smut of Rice:-
Causal organism: Ustilaginoidea virens
4. Khaira Disease of Rice:-
Zn Deficiency

16. Identification of Pests:
Rice
1. Rice Gundhi Bug
• Unfilled grain symptom
2. Brown Plant Hopper
• Hopper burn
3

17. II.Agro Industrial Attachment
Center for Technology & Development Field Station
• For agro industrial attachment we went to the CTD (Center for Technology
and Development Field station) Sahaspur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand. It
started from 1995 through the weaker section of society.
• In this center we learn about the food processing by theory and practical
classes
Food Processing:
Food processing is the transformation of agricultural products into food, or
of one form of food into other forms. Food processing takes many forms,
from grinding grain into raw flour, home cooking, and complex industrial
methods used in the making of convenience foods.

18. The product that we made in the center are as follows:-
1. Jam
2. Squash
3. Chutney
PREPARATION OF JAM
It is a product prepared by boiling to a suitable consistency, fruit pulp with
sufficient quantity of sugar, acid and pectin so as to set and become firm
enough to hold the tissues in position. About 45 parts of pulp are used with
every 55 parts of sugar. This finished product should not contain less than 68
per cent total soluble solids

19. FIRMED FRUITS
↓
CLEANING,SORTING, PEELING & CUTTING
↓
HEATING WITH SOME WATER
↓
PULPING
↓
BOILING (EQUAL QUANTITY OF SUGAR AND PULP)
↓
ADDITION OF PECTIN
↓
ADDITION OF CITRIC ACID,
↓
JUDGING OF END POINT (SHEET/COLD PLATE AND BRIX TEST 68%)
↓
ADDITION OF COLOUR & ESSENCE
↓
QUICK MIXING
↓
BOTTLING
↓
COOLING
↓
LABELLING AND STORAGE

20. PREPARATION OF SQUASH
This is a type of fruit beverage containing at least 25 % fruit juice or pulp, 45%TSS,
1.0% acidity and 350 ppm if SO2 or 600 ppm of sodium benzoate. It is diluted before
serving. Lime, mango, orange, aonla, pineapple are used for making squash
commercially using KMS as preservative or fruits viz. Jamun, passion fruit, raspberry,
strawberry, grapefruit etc with sodium benzoate as preservative.

21. FLOW CHART FOR PREPARATION OF SQUASH
FRUIT
↓
WASHING & TRIMMING
↓
CUTTING OR GRADING
↓
JUICE EXTRATION & STRAINING
↓
JUICE MEASURING
↓
PREPARATION OF SYPRUS
(sugar + water + acid, heating just to dissolve )
STRAINING
↓
MIXING WITH JUICE
↓
ADDITION OF PRESERVATION
(0.6g KMS or 1.0 g sodium benzoate / liter squash)
↓
BOTTING
↓
CAPING
↓
STORAGE

22. II. Village Attachment
Important:
• Village attachment provides agriculture students with practical, hands-
on experience in real-world setting.
• Understanding farmers' problems through surveys and gaining
knowledge of the specific needs and concerns of the communities they
are serving can help students identify and find solutions relevant and
effective for the farmers and their communities.
• Through working with farm families and participating in village life,
students can learn about the challenges and realities of agricultural work
and gain a deeper understanding of the issues faced by farmers.

23. About The Village
Village Name :- Dehali
Dehali village comes under Khaptadchhanna Rural Municipality is located in
Bajhang District, Sudurpashchim Province in Nepal. Khaptadchhanna has total
7 wards, which are scattered across 114 square kilometers of geographical
area.
As per national census 2021, the total population of this rural municipality is
13,419, population density is 118, total number of household is 3,102 and sex
ratio of 81.58 male per 100 female. Literacy rate of the rural municipality is
69.7% in which literate male population is 85.4% and female population is
57.1%.

25. My data was collected from the following Farmers:
1. Sher Bahadur Singh
2. Dattaram Joshi
3. Hem Raj Joshi
4. Samjhana Kathayat
5. Devishara Singh
6. Kamal Khadka

26. Major Issues of
villagers
Irrigation
Unemployment
Extension Services &
awareness
Productivity of
crop & livestock
Migration
Marketing
Birds & animals

27. IV. Unit Attachment
Introduction:
It is a collaborative project of implementation of agricultural development
strategy prepared by indigenous thinking, indigenous investment and internal
institutional manpower. This project envisages the commercialization and
modernization of the agricultural sector through activities such as provision of
necessary technical and production materials for producers of agricultural
produce, mechanization of crop/goods production, provision of necessary
infrastructure for processing and marketing with a clear roadmap to increase
the production and productivity of the agricultural sector.
This project is implemented on the basis of local feasibility and expansion. The
project was established in Bajhang district in the year 2076/77 as a potato zone
and from 2078/79 Bean zone is included.

28. Major activities done during Unit Attachment
1. Field Visit/ Field Verification:-
• Field visit at Bungal Municipality for field verification of potato growing
farmers, along with technical team of the PMAMP,PIU unit.
• During field visit, we met the farmers in the field and inspect their farm and
analyze the possibilities for pocket package expand programme and for
other project like cold storage, rustic storage, small irrigation channel, farm
machinery, seed potato etc.

29. 2. Participate in Farmers Field School Programme
During farmers field school programme the technical team of PMAMP,PIU
Bajhang share technical knowledge about agriculture like different varieties of
crop suitable for that particular area, season of sowing, method of sowing etc. to
the farmers. The technical team also discuss with farmers about the different
scheme and programme which are provided by the local, state and central
government.

30. 3. Participating in “Seminar” conducted by PMAMP,PIU Bajhang
• In this seminar all the agriculture technician from different local
government are participating and discuss about the various ongoing
programme activities in respective municipality related to agriculture.
• In this seminar also discussion about the result of previous programme
which are ongoing and possibilities about new pocket and block expand
programme in different area of the district.

31. Conclusion:-
RAWE is an exposure to the principles of “learning by doing” and “seeing is
believing”, which provides a direction to the students to think and act on their
own. It offers a direction to the students to develop their knowledge, attitude
and skill to graduate out as an expert and contribute in holistic development of
agriculture.
The programme provide an opportunity to interact directly with the actual
Rural farmer and their problems regarding agriculture, and to visit some of the
agro- industries, Research Centers etc. The programme brought alot of
positive changes toward the students.
Overall the programme proved to be a significant in building a competence
and confidence in the field of agriculture education, research,skill
development and extension of the country.

32. Thank You