This presentation was given by Tess lallemant (IFPRI), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on 5-6 December 2017 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, where the Platform is hosted (by KIT Royal Tropical Institute). Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-scientific-conference-capacity-development-workshop-cgiar-collaborative-platform-gender-research/

1. Agricultural Price Incentives:
Towards Gender-differentiated Indicators
The Uganda case
David Laborde, Tess Lallemant (t.lallemant@cgiar.org)
MTID, International Food Policy Research Institute
Amsterdam | December 5th 2017

2. Research Question
 Have policy driven price distortions differentiated impacts between men
and women farmers? Ex-ante vs Ex-post consequences?
 Issue not addressed in existing literature, especially to develop cross-
country and intertemporal estimates
Sectoral
policy
distortions
database
Farm
production
data with
gender
module
Gender
specific
Distortions

3. Nominal Rate of Protection (NRP)
 Focus on price differences between domestic farm gate prices and world prices
 Expressed as a percentage of undistorted prices
 Compare like and like: adjustment for quality, processing and transportation
costs
Price Received
by Farmers
Policy impact
on prices
Price without
policies
X100 = NRP in %

4. 2 Potential Questions
 Are men and women facing
different policy distortions for the
same product?
oContrasted literature on
differentiated prices, mark-up
and cost
oBut even with different costs,
NRP (policy distortions) could be
the same
 Are men and women specialized in
different products?
oExisting literature: yes (and our
data show it!)
oFarm and Trade policies vary a lot
from product to product
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Cassava Wheat Sugar Rice Cotton Maize Coffee Tea Bovine
Meat
Milk
NRP(%)
NRP by Product - Uganda 2009

5. Who controls the production?
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Share of Value of Production by Manager
WOMEN MEN
Cash CropsStaple Crops

6. Gendered NRP
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
NRP(%)
Women Control Men Control All

7. Policy Conclusions for Uganda
 Key role of the livestock sector
 Differentiated behavior among crops: staple vs cash crops
 Ex-post impacts of policies are not gender neutral
Policy reform will not be gender neutral!

8. Fertilizer use by control of outputs
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Women Control Men Control

9. Gender and Price Distortions
Farm Gate Price
Price at Point of
Competition
World Price
Transportation and
trade costs
Processing Margins
Transportation and
trade costs
Quality adjustments
Processing
Product A
e.g. Corn
Farm Gate Price
Price at Point of
Competition
World Price
Transportation and
trade costs
Processing Margins
Transportation and
trade costs
Quality adjustments
Processing
Product B
e.g. Milk
Gender
specific costs
and prices
Gender
specific
specialization