Statistics is the collection, analysis, and interpretation of raw data. There are two main types of data: attributes data which cannot be measured but can be compared, and variables data which is measurable like height or weight. Data classification organizes data into categories to make essential data easy to find. There are several types of data classification including geographical by location, chronological by time, qualitative by attributes, quantitative by measurable characteristics, and alphabetical by name. Classification condenses data, prepares it for tabulation, facilitates comparison and relationship study.

1. Importance and Application of Statistics
BY
Dr .Harinatha Reddy Aswartha

2.  The word ‘statistics’ has been derived from the Latin word
‘status’.
 In the singular sense it means collection, classification,
presentation, analysis, comparison and meaningful
interpretation of ‘raw data’

3.  Unit: The unit is a basic thing from which the experimenter or
Researcher collects or measures the information.
 Data: Information collected or recorded form units is called
Data.
 Two types of Data.
 Attributes Data: Quantitative type of information which
cannot be measured but can be comparable is known as an
attribute.
 Variables Data: If the information or Data is a measurable one
like height, weight, time, sugar content in blood, RBC are
known as Variables.

4. Classification of data: Significance of classification
 Data classification is the process of organizing the data into
categories for its most effective and efficient use.
 A well-planned data classification system makes essential
data easy to find and retrieve.
 This can be of particular importance for risk management,
legal discovery.

5. OBJECTIVES OF Classifications.
 To condense the mass of data
 To prepare the data for tabulation
 To study the relationships
 To facilitate comparison

6. TYPES OF Data Classifications
 Geographical (or spatial) classification
 Chronological classification
 Qualitative classification
 Quantitative classification
 Alphabetical classification

7. GEOGRAPHICAL (OR SPATIAL)
CLASSIFICATION
When the data classified according to geographical
location or region (like states, cities, regions, zones ,
areas etc) It is called a geographical classification.
For example, Total number of Swine flu patients in INDIA
(2016) may be presented state- wise in following manner.

8. Example: Sate-wise estimates of Swine flu patients
S.NO. Name of states Total no of Swine flu
patients in 2016
1 ANDHRA PARDESH 10930
2 BIHAR 12899
3 KARNATAKA 1834
4 PUNJAB 21788
5 UTTER PRADESH 41828

9. CHRONOLOICAL CLASSIFICATION
 When data are observed over a period of time the type of
classification is known as chronological classification ( on the
basis of its time of occurrence ).
 Example: National annual income,
 Annual output of wheat,
 Monthly expenditure of a house hold,
 Monthly or Annual sales.
 Are some examples of chronological classification.

10. Example: Population of India 1941 to 1991
S.No. Year Population in
cores
1 1941 31.87
2 1951 36.11
3 1961 43.91
4 1971 54.82
5 1981 68.33

11. QUALITATIVE Classification:
The classification of data on the basis of qualitative characters
termed as attributes.
We may first divide the population in to males and females on
the basis of the attribute ‘sex’.
Each of this class may be further subdivide into ‘literate’ and
‘illiterate’ on the basis of attribute ‘literacy’.

12. S.no Year Population
in cores
Male Female literat
e
illiterate
1 1940 30.2 20.1 10.1 10.2 20.0
2 1950 40.6 20.3 20.3 20.3 20.3
3 1960 44.4 22.2 22.2 22.2 22.2
4 1970 60.10 40.5 20.5 40.5 20.5
5 1980 80.10 40.10 40.00 40.05 40.05

13. QUANTITATIVE CLASSIFICATION:
Quantitative classification is refers to the classification
of data according to some characteristics that can be
measured, such as height, weight ,income, sales profit,
production,etc.
Quantitative data are data about numeric variables (e.g.
how many; how much; or how often).
For example: the student of a college may be classified
according to weight as follows:

14. Table: Classification of students based on weight:
Weight (kg) No. of Students
40-50 60
50-60 50
60-70 28
70-80 20
80-90 12
Total 170
QUANTITATIVE CLASSIFICATION

15. Alphabetical classification
 When the data are arranged according to alphabetical
order, it is called alphabetical classification.
 For example state-wise density of population in India is
depicted in an alphabetical order below;

16. Showing the Density of Population in an Alphabetical
Order
Names of States Density of Population
(Per Sq. Km)
Andhra Pradesh 157
Assam 150
Bihar 324
Gujarat 136
Haryana 225
Himachal Pradesh 62
Karnataka 548

17. BASIS FOR
COMPARISON
CLASSIFICATION TABULATION
Meaning Classification is the
process of grouping data
into different categories,
on the basis of nature,
behaviour, or common
characteristics.
Tabulation is a process of
summarizing data and
presenting it in a compact
form, by putting data into
statistical table.
Order After data collection After classification
Arrangement Attributes and variables Columns and rows
Purpose To analyse data To present data

18. THANK YOU…..