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DATA Types

This document discusses different types of data. It begins by defining data as facts such as numbers, words, measurements or descriptions. There are two main types of data: quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative data can be continuous, representing measurements, or discrete, representing countable items. Qualitative data includes categorical data for characteristics, binary data with two options, and nominal or ordinal scales. Choosing the right statistical test is challenging.

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DATA TYPES By: Aniruddha Deshmukh – M. Sc. Statistics, MCM
What is DATA? • Data … Data and Data everywhere, but what is data? Data is a collection of facts, such as numbers, words, measurements, observations or even just descriptions of things. • There are software in market which will help you identify the type of the data, but it is important to have at least a basic understanding of the different types of data. • In this article, you will have an basic understanding of different types of data. By Aniruddha Deshmukh - M. Sc. Statistics, MCM 2
T Y P E S O F D A T A Quantitative Continuous Discrete Qualitative Binomial (Binary) Nominal Ordinal C A T E G O R I C A L By Aniruddha Deshmukh - M. Sc. Statistics, MCM 3
Data can be Quantitative or Qualitative Quantitative • Numerical information (numbers) • deals with numbers and things you can measure objectively: dimensions such as height, width, and length. Temperature and humidity. Prices. Area and volume. Qualitative • Descriptive information (describing/categorizing something) • deals with characteristics and descriptors that can't be easily measured, but can be observed subjectively—such as smells, tastes, textures, attractiveness, and color. This is just a high level classification of data, there are also different types of quantitative and qualitative data. By Aniruddha Deshmukh - M. Sc. Statistics, MCM 4
Quantitative data can be Continuous or Discrete Continuous • represent measurements • For example, you can measure the height at progressively more precise scales: meters, centimeters, millimeters, and beyond; so height is continuous data. Discrete • represent items that can be counted • For example, total number of males in a group of 10, it can be 0 to 10 (finite case), you can't have 2.5 males, or 4.7 females. NOTE: if I measure height of males in a group of 10, then the data becomes “Continuous data” By Aniruddha Deshmukh - M. Sc. Statistics, MCM 5
Qualitative data can be of three types • Categorical data represent characteristics such as a person’s gender, marital status or hometown. Categorical data can take on numerical values (such as “1” indicating male and “2” indicating female), but those numbers don’t have mathematical meaning. • Binary data is a data whose unit can take on only two mutually exclusive categories (in accordance with the binary numeral system and Boolean algebra): right/wrong, true/false, or accept/reject. • Nominal scales are used only for labeling, without any quantitative value, such as color of each ball in a basket full of colored balls, Name of your school, type of car. • Ordinal or Ordered data mixes numerical and categorical data. The data fall into categories, but the numbers placed on the categories have meaning. For example, rating a restaurant on a scale from 0 (lowest) to 4 (highest) stars gives ordinal data. Ordinal data are often treated as categorical, where the groups are ordered when graphs and charts are made. However, unlike categorical data, the numbers do have mathematical meaning. For example, if you survey 100 people and ask them to rate a restaurant on a scale from 0 to 4, taking the average of the 100 responses will have meaning. This would not be the case with categorical data. By Aniruddha Deshmukh - M. Sc. Statistics, MCM 6
Choosing Right test is always a problem? By Aniruddha Deshmukh - M. Sc. Statistics, MCM 7
Aniruddha Deshmukh – M. Sc. Statistics, MCM email: annied23@gmail.com For more information please contact: