The document discusses different types of data classification. It defines classification as arranging things into groups based on similarities. The key types of classification discussed are: - Geographical classification, which groups data by location. - Chronological classification, which groups data by time period. - Qualitative classification, which groups non-numerical data by attributes. - Quantitative classification, which groups measurable numerical data into ranges. - Alphabetical classification, which lists data in alphabetical order.

1. CLASSIFICATIONOF DATA
Prepaired by
Rajni Bala
M.Lib, M.Phil
Department of Library and Information
Sciences
Kurukshetra University

2.  “Classification is the process of arranging
things(either normally or notionally) in
groups or classes according to their
resemblances and affinities and give
expressions of the unity attributes that may
subsist amongst a diversity individuals”. -
Conner

3.  Bulk of the data
 Simplifies of the data
 Facilitates comparison of characteristics
 Renders the data for statistical analysis

4.  Unambiguous
 Stable
 Flexible
 Exhaustiveness
 Mutually exclusive

5.  To condense the mass of data
 To prepare the data for tabulation
 To study the relationships
 To facilitate comparison

6.  Geographical (or spatial) classification
 Chronological classification
 Qualitative classification
 Quantitative classification
 Alphabetical classification

7. When the data classified according to
geographical location or region (like states,
cities, regions, zones , areas etc) It is called
a geographical classification. For example,
the production of food grains in INDIA may be
presented state- wise in following manner.

8. S.NO. Name of states Total food grains
(thousands tones)
1 ANDHRA
PARDESH
1093.90
2 BIHAR 12899.89
3 KARNATAKA 1834.78
4 PUNJAB 21788.20
5 UTTER
PRADESH
41828.30

9. When data are observed over a period of time
the type of classification is known as
chronological classification ( on the basis of its
time of occurrence ). Various the serious such as
National income figures , annual output of
wheat monthly expenditure of a house hold ,
daily consumptions of milk, etc. Are some
examples of chronological classification . For
examples we may present the figures of
population (or production , sales,etc.) as
follows……

10. S.No. year Population in
crores
1 1941 31.87
2 1951 36.11
3 1961 43.91
4 1971 54.82
5 1981 68.33

11. We may first divide the population in to
males and females on the basis of the
attribute ‘sex’, each of this class may be
further subdivide into ‘literate’ and
‘illiterate’ on the basis of attribute
‘literacy’ further classification can be made
on the basis of same other attribute ,say ,
employment.

12. Quantitative classification is refers to the
classification of data according to some
characteristics that can be measured, such
as height, weight ,income, sales profit,
production,etc. For example, the student of
a college may be classified according to
weight as follows:

13. Weight (kg) No. of
Students
40-50 60
50-60 50
60-70 28
70-80 20
80-90 12
Total 170

14.  When the data are arranged according to
alphabetical order, it is called alphabetical
classification. For example state-wise density
of population in India is depicted in an
alphabetical order below;

15. Names of States Density of Population
(Per Sq. Km)
Andhra Pradesh 157
Assam 150
Bihar 324
Gujarat 136
Haryana 225
Himachal Pradesh 62
Kerala 548