3. PORTS
• Location on coast, shore
or lake which may contain
one or more harbors.
• A terminal where ships
can dock and transfer
people & cargo.
4.
5. REQUIREMEN
TS OF A
GOOD PORT
• Safety – people involved and surrounding
society.
• Port should be safeguard against heavy
winds and high tides.
• Security – interests of transporting goods and
the purpose of passenger travel be protected
during functioning of port.
• Environmental Protection – Construction of ports
& man-made changes in locality should not
cause imbalance in natural ecology.
• Discharge of waste pollution (oil, chemicals
etc.)
6. REQUIREMEN
TS OF A
GOOD PORT
• Commercial Operations – port should be an
economic asset in region providing necessary
facilities related to commercial activities.
• Cost of Construction and Maintenance –
Minimum cost of construction and maintenance
activities.
• International Maritime – Port should satisfy
criteria of rules and regulations of neighboring
ports & harbors.
• Also abide by International maritime
conventions, agreements & laws.
7. PORTS
• Location on coast, shore or lake which may contain one or
more harbours.
• A terminal where ships can dock and transfer people & cargo.
8. CLASSIFICATION
OF PORTS
Based on type of Location and
Function
• River port
• Inland Port
• Fishing port
• Dry Port
• Seaport
• Cruise port
• Cruise home port
• Port of call
• Cargo port
9. RIVER PORT
• Situated on sides of a river with
shallow depth of water.
• Used for transferring river traffic
such as barges & shallow
vessels.
10. INLAND PORT
• Locations along the line of
river or canal or navigable
lake which are accessible to
seaport.
11. FISHING PORT
• Commercial activities related to
fish business are predominant
in this kind of port.
• Cold storage installations.
12. DRY PORT
• Facilitates the transportation
of sea cargo to inland
destinations by networking
with road and or railways.
13. SEA PORT
• Handles sea or ocean
going deep vessels.
• Influences the economic
growth in a region.
14. CRUISE PORT
• Locations along coastal line where ships on recreational or
vocational trips stop.
15. CRUISE HOME PORT
• Cruise ship passengers may transfer from land to waterway and
vice versa as commuters.
16. PORT OF CALL
• Few intermediate stopping or
halting locations along a sea
coast on a sailing itinerary.
• Loading and unloading of goods
and passengers also take place
here.
17. CARGO PORT
• Loading and unloading of huge vessels by using mechanical
crane systems and related activities are predominant.
• Industrial goods in a large scale are transferred and unloaded
as the port’s main function.
18. HARBORS
• Place on coast where vessels i.e. ships, large boats & barges find
shelter.
• Against stormy weather
• Against wind and high tides
• Artificial structure includes:
• Piers
• Jetties or Sea Walls
• Breakwaters
19.
20. HARBOR PLANNING PRINCIPLES
• Selected site should be safe from strong winds, strong waves.
• Shore must be strong to accommodate required equipment installations at
low principle and maintenance costs.
• Master plan should accommodate all possible future needs of forecasted
demand.
• Harbor be protected and preserved for use of economic and social purposes
that enhance the living standards of people.
• It should group tourism attractions while balancing other needs.
• Harbor accessibility to waterfront must be integrated with road, railway and
airlines network nearby.
21. CLASSIFICATION OF HARBORS
Based on Type of Occurrence and Functions
• Natural Harbor
• Semi-natural harbor
• Artificial Harbor
• Commercial Harbor
• Military Harbor
• Harbor of refuge
• Fishing harbor
22. NATURAL HARBOR
• When surrounding land area on shore or coast is
convenient and there is an elevated part of land
which protects the body of water.
• Water deep for anchorage of ships.
• No need for constructing breakwaters.
23. SEMI-NATURAL HARBOR
• Naturally formed harbor modified, dredged and improved to
accommodate large ships.
• By providing Breakwaters, jettys etc
24. ARTIFICIAL HARBOR
• Built as seaports/ river-ports based on the need and at any favorable
water body location.
• Artificially constructing large structures
• Suitable anchorage and deep water
25. COMMERCIAL HARBOR
• Provides large storage capacity
• Large space for exchange of cargo
• Adequate docking space
• Sufficient fuel capacity tankers
26. MILITARY HARBOR
• Situated near NAVAL base.
• Used for Military vessels.
• With Armory – receiving,
storing & dispatching
27. HARBOR OF REFUGE
• Provides shelter to ships during bad
weather.
• Good anchorage with adequate depth
of water.
• Protected by natural or artificial
wharves.
• Appropriate repair facilities.
• Readily accessible.
28. FISHING HARBOR
• Provides large storage capacity to
store caught fish.
• Refrigeration/ cold storage capacity.
• Able to receive and dispatch fish all
times.
• Adequate connectivity by road/ rail
transportation systems.
29. TERMINOLOGIES
Dock
Structure or a group of structures extending along the shore or
out from the shore into a body of water at which boat or ships is
loaded or unloaded or repaired.
31. TERMINOLOGIES
Berth
Place in the dock which is specifically constructed to maneuver ships.
This place can also be used for a ship to dock or anchor during
exchange of cargo.
33. TERMINOLOGIES
Quay
Platform constructed with concrete, stone or metal.
Platform lies alongside or projecting into a body of water and is
used for loading or unloading of ships.
35. TERMINOLOGIES
Wharf
Place at which ships are tied up for docking.
Artificial platform where ships could be loaded / unloaded.
Synonymous with Quay.
37. TERMINOLOGIES
Mole or Breakwater
Stone or concrete made barrier which is built into a body of
water to protect a shore or coast of harbor against the force of
tides.
39. TERMINOLOGIES
Jetty
A structure such as small pier or a landing stage that projects
into a body of water to safeguard against tides or erosion of a
shore or to protect a harbor.
41. TERMINOLOGIES
Pier
A large platform extending from a coast or shore over water
which is supported by pillars or piles, used to secure, protect
and provide multipurpose activities associated with ships or
boats.
44. DOCKS
• An artificial basin for the use of vessels.
• Area of water between two piers or alongside a pier that is used
for loading, unloading and repair of ships.
45. CLASSIFICATION OF DOCKS
• Dry Dock:
• Provided with dock gates so that the water in it can be emptied and allowed
investigation, repair and maintenance of the underwater parts of the ship.
46. CLASSIFICATION OF DOCKS
• Wet or Impounding Dock:
• Type of dock in which water is impounded either by dock gates or by
lock gates so that ship remains afloat at low tide and exchange of cargo
takes place.
47. TRANSIT SHEDS AND WAREHOUSES
• Received Cargo – screening for custom clearance.
• During this period cargo is stored somewhere in harbor or port –
transit sheds and warehouses.
• Transit sheds – if cargo is stored for short duration of time.
• Warehouse – if cargo has to be stored for longer duration of time.
48. TRANSIT SHEDS AND WAREHOUSES
• Transit sheds and warehouses are generally located adjacent to
wharves or docks and nearer to inland transport terminal.
• Appropriate mobile/ mini cranes, handling facilities.
• As a thumb rule, size of the shed is calculated based on the maximum
tonnage of vessel.
• General : 1.5 – 1.7 tonnes/m2 space.
