The document outlines important factors to consider when selecting a site for a harbour. Key factors include: - Natural protection from waves and winds. - Sufficient depth and area of water to accommodate current and future shipping needs. - Favorable marine conditions like low tidal range and small tidal currents. - Suitable sea bed that can support ship anchors without requiring extensive dredging or maintenance. - Access to transportation and communication infrastructure as well as an industrial hinterland to support trade.

1. SITE SELECTION
FOR
HARBOURS

2.  At the time of selection for a harbour, great
care should be exercised. Following
categories play a great role in the choice of
site for a harbour.
 Availability of cheap land and construction
material.
 Natural protection from waves and winds.
 Transport and communication facilities.
 Industrial development of the locality.
 Sea bed, sub soil and foundation conditions.
 Availability of fresh water and electrical
energy.

3.  Favorable marine conditions.
 Defense and strategic aspects.
 Traffic potentiality of the harbor.
The site should have maximum natural
protection from winds and waves. It should
have sufficiently large pool of water, with
adequate depth to accommodate the
expected shipping needs as well as to permit
the future needs. The marine conditions
should be favorable for structures as well as
for navigation. To meet this requirement the
site should have low tidal range and small
tidal currents.

4. There should not be severe wind and waves and
there should be less littoral drift etc. Also there
should be no fog problem at the site.
The sea bed should be such that it would
hold ship anchors and would not involve much
capital and dredging maintenance cost. There
should not be excessive situation nor scour
should pose a problem.
Apart from above conditions, the sub-
soil for foundation purposes should be favorable.
The site to be selected should be preferably on
an established trade route and have trade links
with other parts of the country through rail,road

5. air and telephone etc. The hinter land should
be productive enough to support the trade.
All these conditions are desirable but not
necessary.