1. Presented by : Aazam Nirban
Civil Engineering Department
T. Y. Civil
3105
Presentation on
BURJ KHALIFA
2. The Burj Khalifa is the ever built tallest
man made structure.
This tower rises in the sky to 828m
carrying 162 floors.
The Burj khalifa took 6years for its
construction
and was completed in the year 2010.
For erecting this city in the sky several
new technologies had to be used.
INTRODUCTION
3. The soil stratum of Dubai is very week
so they had to excavate up to 50m
deep to get a hard rock structure
But the rock that they found was
fragile and saturated with ground
water
So that any hole made
will be cured immediately
EXCAVATION
4. The engineers filled this with a viscous polymer
slurry
This pushes the rock and the ground water to the
edges of the boreholes to keep it open
This slurry is denser than water and liter than
concrete, so that when concrete is pumped the
concrete displaces the fluid and forms the
foundation.
194 piles were constructed
for avoiding the sinking of
this structure.
EXCAVATION Cont.
5. The casting of the whole structure is mainly done by two
materials
1. Concrete
2. Steel
Over 30,000 tons of steel were used
About 250,000 m2 concrete was also used
The reinforced concrete acts as the backbone of the whole
structure
CASTING OF THE STRUCTURE
6. The Burj can accommodate about 35,000 people
at a time
Consist of 57 elevators and 8 escalators
The biggest elevator carries about 46 people at
a time
These elevators travel at a speed of 35km/hr
The Burj has a service/firemans elevator which
have a capacity to hold about 5,500kg
And this is the worlds tallest service elevator.
ELEVATORS AND ESCALATORS
7. The Burj is cladded with high-tech glass which
forms as a curtain wall
If the whole cladding has to be done with high-
tech glass which will cost about 100 million
dollars
CLADDING OF THE TOWER
8. The cladding should withstand the heavy sand
storms that with in include water and dust
Prototypes were selected and with the help of
propellers artificially created storm was
allowed to hit the glass panels at a greater
speed
The glass panels withstands the storm up to
75km/hr
TEST FOR THE CLADDING AGAINST
STORM
9. As the building has to be built more than half a
km, it had to challenge many factors that
haven't faced by any other building
Has to be completed with in the short period
limit
So the time was money
For erecting such a structure in the sky steel
and glass panels have to be raised
This was done by cranes
SPEED OF CONSTRUCTION
10. The cranes consist of two plates on the two
sides
It could jump from one floor to the another
So that they were called the kangaroo cranes
So as to speed up the construction the RCC
walls was done in a simple and clever
engineering way.
Cranes
11. For simplicity and speed the engineers made no. of steel cages
These cages were inserted to the formworks that can be moved easily
After installation of cages concrete was filled in these formworks
Only took 12hrs for the setting of concrete
After setting the concrete the formworks would move to the next
level with in 2hrs
CASTING OF RCC WALLS
12. High performance concrete(HPC)
Low permeability
High durability
C80-C60 cube strength concrete was used
It includes fly ash, Portland cement
Two largest concrete pumping machines in the world were used for
this purpose
For reducing cracks due to high temperature concreting was done only
at night
So that air is cooler and humidity is higher with ice added to the mix
CONCRETE USED
13. The pump needs 630HP to pump about 25000 tons of concrete
It had took about 14 mints for reaching the concrete to the 150th
floor
They completed every new floor in 3 day
CONCRETE USED Cont.
14. Every year the storm attacks Dubai
As the building grows much higher to the sky the top will be badly
affected by the wind
This causes a sway at the top floors of the building
So that they studied many other skyscrapers
The buildings must be in a definite shape
WIND
15. They made a study on the Sears tower at
Chicago
The Sears tower had a layer of steel, and
an another layer of steel which forms an
exoskeleton to the building
9 such blocks were used in this Sears
tower in definite shape
So that the building was made rock solid
SHAPE
16. Giving the Burj a exoskeleton was not a easy
task
So they designed the Burj in a triangular shape
So that this was suitable to deflect the wind to
different ways
SHAPE Cont.
17. The three wings allow for greater building
height by buttressing one another by a central
core hence it is called buttressed core structural
system
This buttressed core is a six sided central piece
So that it is called a Hexagonal Hub
BUTTRESSED CORE
18. This hub is surrounded by the three wings
These three wings afford the torsional
resistance and the twisting of the tower
This hub encloses the elevators
BUTTRESSED CORE Cont.
19. The earthquake was one of the most important factor that had to be
challenged by the Burj Khalifa
Any unknown concept would collapse the whole structure
They took the Taipie101 tower for their study
EARTHQUAKE
20. A year twice China is affected with earthquakes
The Taipei 101 was raised up with 36 steel tubes
They were filled with concrete for their rigidity
TAIPEI 101
21. These columns were holding together
with outrigger trusses
So that these elastic bands would
recover the whole movement occurred
to the building
TAIPEI 101 Cont.
22. Providing such bands was not so practical for Burj
According to Uniform Building Code(UBC) ,Dubai was classified
under a zone 2a
Moderate seismic activity
The Burj would resist up to 6 in the Richter scale
Because of the massive reinforced concrete skeleton
EARTHQUAKE Cont.
23. The attack against the world trade centre at sept2001 shows the
importance of evacuation in skyscrapers
How tall the skyscrapers grow makes the evacuation much harder
The Burj is different and have a perfect evacuation system
EVACUATION
24. The Burj is naturally fire resistant as the concrete backbone is already
fire resistant
More than that the Burj consist of refuge rooms
These refuge rooms are made of RCC and fire proof sheets that resist
the heat up to 2hrs
These refuge rooms has a special supply of air which pumps through
fire resistant pipes
There are 9 refuge rooms, one in every 30 floors
EVACUATION Cont.
25. The Burj Khalifa is one of the unique tallest building that was built by
man
For rising such a city in the sky several new techniques have been
used
The buttressed core structural system has made a great change in the
structural system of skyscrapers
A strong buttressed core will initiate the height of the skyscrapers
The construction of the Burj Khalifa proves that height doesn't matter
any civil engineering construction.
CONCLUSION
