a partial requirement on building technology 5

2. Summary Description
• Architect: Kohn Pedersen Fox
(KPF)
• Developer: Mori Building Co.
• Structural engineer: Leslie E.
Robertson Associates RLLP
• Main contractor: China State
Construction Engineering Corp
and Shanghai Construction
(Group) General Co.

3. Summary Description
Height
• Architectural: 492.0 m (1,614.2 ft)
• Tip: 494.3 m (1,621.7 ft)
• Roof: 487.4 m (1,599.1 ft)
• Top floor: 474.0 m (1,555.1 ft)
• Observatory: 474 m (1,555.1 ft)
Technical details
• Floor count: 101
• Floor area: 381,600 m2 (4,107,500
sq ft)
• Lifts/elevators: 91

4. Summary Description
Type: Office, hotel, museum,
observation, parking garage, retail
Architectural style: Neo-Futurism
Location: 100 Century Avenue,
Pudong, Shanghai, China
Construction started: 1997
Completed: 2008
Opening: 28 August 2008
Cost: RMB ¥ 8.17 billion
(USD $ 1.20 billion)
Owner: Shanghai World Financial
Center Co., Ltd.

5. History
• Designed by American architectural firm
Kohn Pedersen Fox, the 101-story tower
was originally planned for construction
in 1997, but work was temporarily
interrupted by the Asian Financial Crisis
in the late 1990s, and was later paused
to accommodate design changes by the
Mori Building Company.
• The building of the tower was financed
by several multinational firms, including
Chinese, Japanese, and Hong Kong
banks, as well as by the Japanese
developer and American and European
investors. The American investment
bank Morgan Stanley coordinated the
tower's financing for Mori Building.

6. Development Timeline
• 1994 Conclusion of land use rights transfer
contract
• 1995 Establishment of Shanghai World
Financial Center Co., Ltd.
• 1996 Draft design, Shanghai World Financial
Center Design Draft Plan , received
• 1997 Expanded design, Shanghai World
Financial Center Expanded Design Plan ,
received
• 1997 Work to install the steel pipe
framework started
• 1998 Installation of steel pipe piles (2,000
units) and temporary pillars (199 units)
completed
• 2003 Second cornerstone-laying ceremony
• 2008 Construction completed

7. Design Concept
• A square prism—the symbol used by the ancient Chinese
to represent the earth—is intersected by two cosmic arcs,
representing the heavens, as the tower ascends in gesture
to the sky. The interaction between these two realms
gives rise to the building’s form, carving a square sky
portal at the top of the tower that lends balance to the
structure and links the two opposing elements—the
heavens and the earth.
• Soaring above the city skyline, the Shanghai World
Financial Center stands as a symbol of commerce and
culture that speaks to the city’s emergence as a global
capital.

8. Architectural
• The most distinctive feature of the SWFC's design is the
trapezoid aperture at the peak. The original design specified
a circular aperture, 46 m (151 ft) in diameter, to reduce the
stresses of wind pressure and to reference the Chinese
mythological depiction of the sky as a circle. It also
resembled a Chinese moon gate due to its circular form
in Chinese architecture. However, this initial design began
facing protests from some Chinese, including the mayor of
Shanghai, Chen Liangyu, who considered it too similar to
the rising sun design of the Japanese flag. Pedersen then
suggested that a bridge be placed at the bottom of the
aperture to make it less circular.

9. Original Design

11. Architectural
• On 18 October 2005, KPF submitted an alternative design to
Mori Building and a trapezoidal hole replaced the circle at
the top of the tower, which in addition to changing the
controversial design, would also be cheaper and easier to
implement, according to the architects. Foreigners and
Chinese alike informally refer to the building as the bottle
opener, as some also find the Kingdom Centre in Riyadh.In
fact, metal replicas of the building that function as actual
bottle openers are sold in the observation deck gift shop.

13. Floor Plans

14. Structural
 The tower's trapezoid aperture is made up of
structural steel and reinforced concrete. A
large number of forces, such as wind loads, the
people in the building and heavy equipment
housed in the building, act on the SWFC's
structure. These compressive and bending
forces are carried down to the ground by the
diagonal-braced frame (with added outrigger
trusses). The design employs an effective use of
material, because it decreases the thickness of
the outer core shear walls and the weight of
the structural steel in the perimeter walls.

17. GRAPHICS: WORLD’S TALLEST BUILDINGS

18. GRAPHICS: WORLD’S TALLEST BUILDINGS

19. GRAPHICS: WORLD’S TALLEST BUILDINGS

20. GRAPHICS: SHANGHAI WORLD FINANCIAL CENTER

21. GRAPHICS: SHANGHAI WORLD FINANCIAL CENTER

22. GRAPHICS: SHANGHAI WORLD FINANCIAL CENTER

23. GRAPHICS: SHANGHAI WORLD FINANCIAL CENTER

24. GRAPHICS: SHANGHAI WORLD FINANCIAL CENTER

25. GRAPHICS: SHANGHAI WORLD FINANCIAL CENTER

26. Sources:
• http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/pdf/shanghai-world-
financial-center_2014-12-15-11-48-58.pdf
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_World_Financial_
Center
• http://deskarati.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/The-
Worlds-Tallest-Buildings.jpg
• http://www.kpf.com/project.asp?ID=35

27. Presentation by:
• Segnaben, LeVan O.
• Auxtero, Ivy D.
• Baltazar, Pauline Camille G.
• Pachao, Debbie Hope B.
A Partial Requirement on BuildingTechnology 5
Instructor: Arch. Eduardo B. Lledo