This document provides information about the core of a high-rise building. It defines a core as a vertical space used for circulation and services like elevators, staircases, and mechanical systems. Cores allow efficient distribution of these services to floors. The document discusses different core types and considerations for placement of mechanical and plumbing systems, as well as toilet access. Elevator types, sizes, and fire safety standards are also outlined.

2. • EVOLUTION
• CORE
• ELEVATOR
• ESCALATOR
• STRUCTURE
• LOAD
• WIND
• PARKING
• HVAC SYSTEM
• FIRE
DETECTION
AND BNBC
• BNBC
• CASE STUDY
I. ATLAS RANKS PLAZA
II. BCIC BHABAN
III. SHAGHAI TOWER
IV. PETRONUS TOWER
CONTENT

4. CORE
LandmarkTower,Yokohama
IBM Headquarters,Tokyo
Mitsui Marine Insurance, Nagoya
A CORE IS A VERTICAL SPACE USED FOR CIRCULATION
AND SERVICES. IT MAY ALSO BE REFERRED TO AS A
CIRCULATION CORE OR SERVICE CORE. A CORE
ALLOWS PEOPLE TO MOVE BETWEEN THE FLOORS OF A
BUILDING, AND DISTRIBUTES SERVICES EFFICIENTLY TO
THE FLOORS.
THE PLACEMENT OF THE SERVICES CORE STEMS FROM
FOUR GENERIC TYPES
Contains:
• ELEVATOR SHAFTS
• ELEVATOR Lobbies
• STAIRCASES
• FIRE PROTECTED
LOBBIES
• TOILETS
• ANCILLARY ROOMS eg.
PANTRY,SPACE FOR
CLEANING MATERIAL
• RISER DUCTS
• M&E SERVICES PLANT
• WALLS
CORE

5. CORE
HIGHEST COOLING LOAD
LOWEST COOLING LOAD
TENANT DISTRIBUTION CORE TRANSITION
DESIGN SYSTEM
SHOULD AVOID THE
HIGHEST COOLING
LOAD
Slender
ratio for
tower
maximum is
1:10 or 1:12

6. CORE
M & E SERVICES
THE SERVICE CORE PROVIDES MEANS OF ACCOMODATING
VERTICAL M&E SERVICES RUNS, SUCH AS
• DUCT RISERS
• MECHANICAL PIPE RISES
• HYDRAULIC STACKS
• ELECTRICAL AND COMMUNICATIONS CABLING
• AIR HANDLING UNIT (A.H.U)
TOILETS
IN THE EVENT OF SINGLE
OCCUPANCY OF THE FLOOR
PLATE ENTRY TO THE TOILETS
MIGHT BE ORGANISED SO THAT
USERS ARE ABLE TO ACCESS
THEM WITHOUT GOING
THROUGH THE ELEVATOR LOBBY
CORE TO GLASS DEPTH AND ITS EFFICIENCY

7. CORE
ELEVATOR
CAR
ARRANGEM
ENT:
Major Types of
elevator
Definition advantage disadvantage
a. Hydraulic elevator: 1.powered
elevator
2.energy is
applied by
a liquid under
pressure in a cylinder
equipped with a
plunger or piston.
1. efficient, safer, and friendlier to
the environment.
2. Does not require brakes,
3. Can use very small motor to
pump fluid .
4. Very powerful
1. if there is a
catastrophic oil line
failure (it has
happened) the
elevator will drop
uncontrolled
2. limited to about 6 or 7
floors max.
b. Electric elevator: 1.energy is
applied by
electric driving
machine .
2.used in tall
buildings
1.Electric elevators consume less
energy than hydraulic elevators.
2.no. of floors are not limited
Failure of electricity
creates panic .
•Capsule lift: similar to
electric elevator.
Machine room is not essential largest version of electric
elevator.
TYPOLOGY
Hydraulic elevator Electric elevator Capsule lift

8. Capacity
(lb)
Passe
ngers
Width,
w
Depth
, D
Clear
width
.w’
Clear
depth ,
D’
Doors
clear
openings
,o
Over
head
Max. rise
1500 10 5’-0” 4’-6” 6’-8” 4’-11” 2’-8” 10’-9” 29’
2000 13 6’-4” 4’-5” 7’-8” 4’-10” 3’-0” 11’-0” 41’
2500 16 7’-0” 5’-0” 8’-4” 5’-5” 3’-6” 11’-3” 42’
3000 20 7’-0” 5’-6” 8’-4” 5’-11” 3’-6” 11’-3” 42’
3500 23 7’-0” 6’-2” 8’-4” 6’-7” 3’-6” 11’-3” 42’
4000 26 8’-0” 6’-2” 9’-4” 6’-7” 4’-0” 11’-3” 42’
Height of call button= .8-1.2m
According to BNBC= 3.12’- 3.9’
3.125’-
3.9’ZZZ
ELEVATOR
STANDARDS
Firefighter
elevators
Are used for fire
safety
•1.10m wide by 1.40m
deep with the door entry
at least 800mm wide
•minimum loading
capacity is regulated at
630kg.
help firefighters to
get to the fire and to
permit people
evacuation
elevator landing
must be min. 5m²
wide for a gurney to
be brought out of
the elevator.
Freight
elevator
Is designed to carry
goods.
capable of carrying
heavier loads than a
passenger elevator,
generally from 2,300
to 4,500 kg.
required to display a
written notice in the
car that the
passengers are
prohibited.
The number of LIFT
PxtxHC
300x100xqN=
Lobby depth

9. ESCALATOR
• Speed is usually 90 or 120 fpm
• Standard widths are 32 to 48 in. between
handrails.
• A 32-in. escalator operating at 90 fpm can
transport between 5000 and 8000 persons
per hour.
• A 48-in. escalator operating at 120 fpm can
transport as many as 10000 persons per hour.
• The maximum angle of inclination of an
escalator to the horizontal floor level is 30
degrees with a standard rise up to about 60
feet (18 m).
STANDARDS FOR ESCALATOR
• Top and Bottom
Landing Platforms
• The Tracks
• The Steps
• The Handrail
• Anti-slide devices
• Complete impact
switches
• Deflector brush
• Emergency Stop button
• Extended balustrades
• Flat steps
• Handrail inlet switches
COMPONENTS OF ESCALATOR
TYPES OF ARRNGEMENT:
• PARRALLAL
• CRISSCROSS

28. GENERATOR
GENERATOR ROOM
WATER PUMP
PLACE FOR AC EQUIPMENT

29. WATER PUMP
10th FLOOR
NORTH SIDE VIEW FROM
1Oth FLOOR
COLUMN SIZE

30. GLASS JOINT
LIFT OPERATION
PLUMBING PIPE

31. LIFT LOBBY
STAIR MATERIAL
FIRE ALARM &
CCTV

32. STAIR
FIRE EQUIPMENT

33. ELECTRIC LINES
FIRE EQUIPMENT
FIRE ALARM

34. FIRE STAIR
WINDOW DETAIL

35. TOILET FIXTURES

36. MULTIPURPOSE HALL

37. SOLAR PANEL
RESERVED SPACE FOR CAFETERIA

38. LIFT ROOM

43. CASE STUDY
SCULPTED FOR EFFICIENCY
The wind tunnel test is used to find the most
beneficial scaling factor of about 55% and
rotation at 120°, which is account for the 24%
savings of the wind load working on the structure.
TECHNICAL INNOVATION
The concrete core acts with outriggers and super
columns are the advances science of super-high
rises.
VERTICAL COMMUNITY
Shanghai tower embodies a new concept of
super-tall building by emphasizing public spaces
at the atrium levels.
SUSTAINABLE ACIEVEMENTS
There are two lays of skin wrapping the entire
building. The atriums created by the skins
features as an insulation which keep the
temperature stable.
General information
Status: Topped-out
Location: Lujiazui,
Pudong,Shanghai
Architectural: 632 m (2,073
ft)
FIRM: Gensler
Architect: Marshal Strabala,
Jun Zia and Aurthur Gensler
Floor count: 121
Floor area: 380,000 m2
(4,090,300 sf ) above
SHA NGHA I TO WER
CASE STUDY

44. CASE STUDY
SHANGHAI TOWERPLAN DETAIL
TWO STOERY
OUTRIGGER TRUSS
ONE STORY
RADIAL TRUUS
CORE WALL
DIAGONAL CORNER
COLUMN
SUPER
COLUMN
BELT TRUSS
BUILDING SYSTEM
MAIN STRUCTURE
INNER CYLINDICAL TOWER
• CORE
• OUTRIGGERS
• MEGA FRAME: SUPER
COLUMN SYSTEM AND BELT
TRUSS

45. SHA NGHA I TO WER
CASE STUDY
CORE
ZONE 1 AND BASEMENT CORE
CASE STUDY
SHA NGHA I TO WER
CAR ARRANGEMENT

46. SHANGHAI TOWER
CASE STUDYSTRUCTURAL FEATURE
Outrigger
Double stories
In the steel section of the super columns, there
are perpendicular cross ribs that align with belt
trusses
Radical Outrigger
One story
Inner Cylindrical TowerMEGA FRAME
Super column System: two at each end of each
orthonormal axis four diagonal super columns along
each 45-degree axis
SECTION OF THE SUPER COLUMN
1-6 ZONE 7-8 ZONE
Type A: The Joint of
Outrigger to Super-column
CONNECTION DESCRIPTION
• Complexity of stress state.
• Connections should be broken after the
destructiveness of members
• Different connections have different design
criteria, according to the variation of
structure members.
TECHNICAL FEATURES
• The chords of outrigger truss
• Gusset plates, 120mm thickness,
Q390GJC steel
• The steel reinforced dual web of
the super-column
• The belts trusses
Type B: The Long Bolt Joint of the
Belt Truss
Technical Feactures
• Since there exist
large member force
of the chords in the
belt trusses, there
are large quantity of
the bolts, and super
length of the bolts
set.

47. CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
SHA NGHA I TO WER
Tower Top
• Vertical fin-like truss
• Two-way truss
• Octagonal steel frame
bracing system
The tuned mass damper
Type C: The Detail of Interior Curtain
Wall
Type D: The Detail of Exterior Curtain Wall
LOADING ANALYSIS
GRAVITY LOAD TRANSFER PATH
THE MEGA
FRAME
50%
TUBE OF
COLUMN
50%
STRUCTURE
COMPONENT
SHEAR FORCE OVERTURNING
MOMENT
THE MEGA
FRAME
47% 76%
TUBE OF
COLUMN
53% 24%
LATERAL LOAD TRANSFER
Multi-frame Analysis
Building resist to Lateral
loads through 3 layers
of structure, they
transfer wind and
seismic load one by
one, from inside to
outside.
The Supper core is the
first layer of Resistance.
The double belt truss
and super column are
the second layer of
Resistance.
The outriggers and
radial trusses are the
third layer.
SHEAR MOMENT TENSION DEFLECTION

48. CASE STUDY
SHA NGHA I TO WER
P H O T O
GALLERY
T H A N K Y O U

52. THANKYOU