Renaissance Architectural History

1. Renaissance
Architecture
Danial

2. Introduction
• Between 1400 and 1600, Classical ideas were reborn in
Italy and northern Europe. This period is known as the
Renaissance, which means born anew in French.

3.  Renaissance architecture was inspired by architecture of
classical Greece and Rome.
Greek Architecture Roman
Architecture
Renaissance Architecture
 Renaissance architecture was highly symmetrical and
carefully proportioned.

4.  For more than five centuries, artists in Northern Italy were
exploring new ideas. During the early 1500s, Italy saw an
explosion of talent and innovation.
 This period is called the High Renaissance.
St. Petersburg Basilica

5.  Over the next century, Renaissance ideas crept north
through Europe, gradually replacing the earlier Gothic
approaches to art and architecture.

6. Renaissance Architecture
Era  Early Renaissance Architecture
- 1400–1500AD
 High Renaissance
- 1500–1525
 Mannerism
- 1520–1600

7. Early Renaissance
- Period 1400 – 1500 AD
- Also known as Quattrocento
- Concepts of architectural order were explored and rules
were formulated.
- The study of classical antiquity led in particular to the
adoption of Classical detail and ornamentation.
- Space, as an element of architecture, was utilised
differently from the way it had been in the Middle Ages.
- It was organised by proportional logic, its form and
rhythm subject to geometry, rather than being created by
intuition as in Medieval buildings.

8. High Renaissance
- Period 1500 – 1525 AD
- During the High Renaissance, concepts derived from
classical antiquity were developed and used with greater
surety.
- In the late 15th century and early 16th century
architects such as Bramante, Antonio da Sangallo and
others showed a mastery of the revived style and ability
to apply it to buildings which were quite different from
the structures of ancient times.
- The style became more decorated and ornamental,
statuary, domes and cupolas becoming very evident

9. Mannerism
- Period 1520 – 1525 AD
- During the Mannerist period, architects
experimented with using architectural forms to
emphasize solid and spatial relationships.
- The Renaissance ideal of harmony gave way to
freer and more imaginative rhythms.

10. Architectural
Style
 The Renaissance style places emphasis on symmetry,
proportion, geometry.
 They are demonstrated in the architecture of classical
antiquity and in particular ancient Roman architecture,
of which many examples remained.

11. Characteristics Of
Renaissance
Architeture  Plan
- The plans of Renaissance buildings have a square,
symmetrical appearance in which proportions are
usually based on a module.

12.  Facade
- Facades are symmetrical around their vertical axis.
- Church facades are generally surmounted by a
pediment and organized by a system of pilasters,
arches and entablatures.
- The columns and windows show a progression towards
the center.
Entablatures
Arch
Pilasters

13. Features
 Symmetrical arrangement of windows and doors
 Extensive use of Classical columns and pilasters
 Triangular pediments
 Square lintels
 Arches
 Domes
 Niches with sculptures

15. Saint Petersburg
Basilica

16. St. Petersburg
Basilica
 Located within the Vatican City
 St. Peter's Basilica has the largest interior of any
Christian church in the world, holding 60,000 people.
 It is regarded as one of the holiest Christian sites.
 Construction of the present basilica, over the old
Constantinian basilica, began on April 18, 1506 and was
completed on November 18, 1626
Old New

17.  St. Peter's is famous as a place of pilgrimage, for its
liturgical functions and for its historical associations
 It is associated with the papacy, with the
Counter-reformation and with numerous artists, most
significantly Michelangelo.
 As a work of architecture, it is regarded as the greatest
building of its age.

18. St. Peter’s Rebuild
There are few architects who redesign the existing building
In the Renaissance period.
- Donato Bramante
- Baldassare Perruzi
- Raphael
- Antonio da Sangallo the Younger
- Giacomo della Porta
- Michelangelo

19. The Process
Plans
Bramante’s
Plan
Raphael’s Plan
Michelangelo’s Plan

21. Primary Design Elements – Plane
And Volume
Michelangelo’s Plan
Planes
Volume

22. Design Principles
Symmetry
Axis

23. Axis

24. Repetition
Hierarchy

25. Elevations

26. Sections

27. Form And Space
- The form assembled with fine arches of the wide
openings which functions as the ventilation to circulate
human humidity inside the
building.

28. Domes
- The unique design of the dome, penetrate natural
lighting inside to the center of the dome.
- The concept, avoids direct sunlight from entering the
dome.
- The sunlight diffused before it came down to the center

29. Ordering Principles
Centralized

30. Conclusion
“ We learn from the past, we develop in the future “