a presentation done by a student, about Filippo Brunelleschi

1. FILIPPO BRUNELLESCHI (1377-1446)
INT470 History 1
Fatma El Zahraa Mohamed-201210448
Instructor: Dr. Seif Khiati
Date of Submission: 12-8-2016

2. Introduction
• Brunelleschi was a designer from Italy and an important figure in
architecture.
Born
Filippo di ser Brunellesco di Lippo Lapi
1377
Florence, Italy
Died
April 15, 1446 (aged 68–69)
'Florence
Known for
Architecture, sculpture, mechanical
engineering
Notable work Dome of Santa Maria del Fiore
Movement Early Renaissance

3. History
• Brunelleschi was born in Florence, Italy. There are fiw information about his early
life, his father Brunellesco di Lippo, a lawyer, and Giuliana Spini was his mother.
• Filippo had two brothers and he was the middle one. He was literary and
mathematically educated that planned to allow him to trail his father’s path, by
being a civil servant.
• Being artistically motivated, he registered in the Arte della Seta, which is the silk
merchants' Guild, that included also metalworkers, bronze workers, and
goldsmiths.
• He took place in a design competition to construct a design for the new set of
bronze doors for Florence Baptistery in 1401.

4. Brunelleschi known as
• known as the first modern engineer, organizer and only construction
supervisor.
• one of the founding fathers of the Renaissance.
• he’s well known for creating method for linear perspective for
building and in art.
• constructing dome of the famous Florence Cathedral.

5. Brunelleschi as an architect
• Maybe he was just inspired by his environments, ever since it
was between 1402-1404 that he with his friend and sculptor
Donatello supposedly went to Rome for studying ancient ruins.

6. Key Projects:
• The first architecture work for Brunelleschi
was Ospedale degli Innocenti from 1419
to1445.
• The long terrace was a rare view in the streets
of Florence, as well as its extraordinary arches,
the height of each arch is 8 meters.
• The structure was honorable and clear-
headed; no demonstrations of fine decorative
or marble tiles.

7. • His design was based on many types of
architecture such as Classical Roman,
Italian Romanesque and late Gothic.
• As well as, the circular arches and the
segmented sphere-shaped domes at the back
of them.
• all elements were in grey stone and are put
against white color of the walls. This theme
was then known as pietra serena which is
Italian for serene stone.
Key Projects:

8. PictureStylesPlansLocationAgeBuilding Name
Gothic,
Renaissance
Piazza del Duomo,
50122 Firenze, Italy
March 25, 1436Florence Cathedral
Renaissance
Piazza di San
Lorenzo, 9, 50123
Firenze, Italy
1470Basilica di San
Renaissance
Piazza Santo Spirito,
30, 50125 Firenze,
Italy
1487Santo Spirito
Key Projects:

9. Florence Cathedral:
• The new cathedral in the city was the Santa Maria del Fiore , and by
the year 1418 the dome was still to be well-defined.
• During the time that building was being designed in the earlier
century, nobody knew how a dome was built, agreed that it would be
bigger than the dome of the Pantheon in Rome and there was not any
dome of that size that has ever been built ever.
Key Projects:

10. Florence Cathedral:
• He wanted to make the dome more stronger and higher,
with no center supporter to hold it up during construction.
• With an octagonal base with no through center.
• So, it will be two domes as a replacement for of one, an
inner and outer shell, whispered together by brick arches
and inter looking rings (stone and wood).
• And rings holing the dome to make it stand
out to the world.
Key Projects:

11. Florence Cathedral:
• There were 2 theories about placing the brick
Key Projects:
Flower path growing Wooden templets.Running from the dome center
tracing a circle of cones that goes
smaller.

12. Florence Cathedral:
Brick Pattern:
• Brunelleschi started using a special pattern of layered bricks that he
invented himself.
• This horizontal bricks by other side vertically other than continuing in
one straight line.
• So, the bricks are in a zigzag in the space between the two domes
where pattern is noticeable today, but only in small areas and the
pattern is simple.
Key Projects:

13. Florence Cathedral:
• Workers were about 220, 230 feet high and they were hanging over
nothing, so if they fell it would definitely be their death, and so
Brunelleschi surely needed to have his men believe in him, so he asked
them to trust him with their lives, and this trust came from making a
small prototype of the dome with the same system.
Key Projects:
• This dome was done in 16 years, but when
Brunelleschi died he didn’t leave behind any
sketches or details to know exactly how he
achieved his master piece.

14. • Brunelleschi's interests stretched also to math,
engineering and the study of ancient memorials.
He developed hydraulic equipment and
extravagant clockwork, unfortunately both not
survived.
Other Works:

15. • He designed also defenses used by
Florence in its military
against Pisa and Siena. In the year1424,
he was at work in Lastra a Signa, a village
shielding the path to Pisa, and in the year
1431in Italy, particularly the south, on the
village walls of Staggia. The walls still
well-preserved, but it’s uncertain if they
are by Brunelleschi specifically.
Other Works:

16. Sculptor:
• we now think of him as the greatest architect
of Florentine Renaissance style, but he also
spent many years trying to put his name into
the sculpting design.
• Crucifix of Christ

17. Theatrical machinery:
• He designed equipment to be used in
churches through theatrical religious recitals
that recreated miracle stories from the Bible.
Devices were formed by which characters
and angels were created to fly in the air in
the middle of huge blasts of light and
fireworks. These events were during state
and church visits.
• It isn’t really known for sure how many has
Brunelleschi designed, but at least one for
the church of San Felice is stated in the
records.

18. Discovery of linear perspective
• Brunelleschi stood just inside the main doors of the
cathedral of Florence when he showed his first perspective
experiment.
• Brunelleschi experiment demonstrated that linear
viewpoint could produce an incredibly a very realistic
illusion of three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional
surface.
• The notion that we can develop the system that would be
easy to follow, but highly accurate through time, onto a
frozen two-dimensional surface is really an strange success.

19. • There is a discussion among scholars as to whether or not there was linear
perspective in the antient creation. but if there was any, it was missing, and
linear viewpoint was shaped, by Brunelleschi in the 15th century, around
1420 at least in the modern world.
• Some people said that Brunelleschi revived linear viewpoint after the
ancient Greeks and romans had it before him.
• romans had it before him.
• Brunelleschi had gone to Rome and studied antiquity, some have
hypothesized that developed the basis for linear viewpoint in an attempt to
be able to exactly portray the building he was looking at, with drawing and
sketching. This help designers in the 13000s, they were creating forums
and human figures that were 3 dimensions then adding this figures to a
real space.
Discovery of linear perspective

20. What does Brunelleschi make?
• He created a perceptively accurate image of baptistery and what
surround it, so Brunelleschi develops a system with a few essential
basics and through these elements it is able to construct accurate
scientifically, one point viewpoint.

21. • They contain a vanishing point which is at the horizon line. As well as, a serious of orthogonal, or
illusionistic ally receding diagonals.
• Then Brunelleschi painted and draws an image of the baptistery with linear viewpoint and puts a
small hole in the center. He takes the small painting or drawing and puts a handle on them, and
hold it in front of his face but facing away from him. Then he takes a mirror and holds it in back of
it in back of that. The painting has a small hole to see through straight to the vanishing points.
Holding the mirror an arm’s length, and if he pulls the mirror away he can see the actual baptistry
and bring the mirror back to see the drawing, move the mirror away to see the actual baptistery,
and see those linear well organize.
What does Brunelleschi make?

22. Conclusion:
• Filippo Brunelleschi was a great man in every aspect. You can find his
touches in many things (machines, decoration, architecture,
sculpture, prospective even new ways of construction)

23. Filippo Brunelleschi Important Quotes:
• “Do not share your inventions with many; share them only with the
few who understand and love the sciences.”
• “I propose to build for eternity.”
• “Many are ready, when listening to the inventor, to belittle and deny
his achievements so that he will no longer be heard in honorable
places, but after some months or a year, they use the inventor's
words in speech or writing or design.”

24. Filippo Brunelleschi Death:
• Brunelleschi's body is in the vault of the Cathedral of Florence. As clarified
by Antonio Manetti, who knew Brunelleschi and wrote his biography, he
said Brunelleschi “was granted such honors as to be buried in the Basilica
di Santa Maria del Fiore, and with a marble bust, which was said to be
carved from life, and placed there in perpetual memory with such a
splendid epitaph.” In the entrance of the cathedral is his epitaph: "Both
the magnificent dome of this famous church and many other devices
invented by Filippo the architect, bear witness to his superb skill.
• Therefore, in tribute to his exceptional talents, a grateful country that will
always remember him buries him here in the soil below.“
Lived a long, full, revolutionary life