The document discusses various types of natural disasters including floods, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, and wildfires. It describes the causes of natural disasters such as floods, fires, drought, and severe weather events. The effects of natural disasters discussed include physical destruction, emotional toll, economic impact, disruption of utilities, and environmental damage.
India experiences many natural disasters that cause loss of life and property damage. Some key points:
- India averages over 4,600 deaths per year from disasters like earthquakes, floods, landslides, cyclones and heat waves. Over 1.5 billion people are affected on average each year.
- Economic damage from disasters averages over $1.5 billion per year. Some of the costliest individual disasters include the 1993 floods ($7 billion), 2006 floods ($3.39 billion), and the 2001 earthquake ($2.62 billion).
- The document concludes that India is not fully prepared to handle national disasters due to the widespread impacts experienced. Preparedness needs to be improved to better cope with future disasters.
Natural disasters such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, floods, and tornadoes can have significant environmental, economic, and human impacts. They often permanently alter the local landscape and can lead to the destruction of local species. Even minor storms can cause considerable economic damage through infrastructure destruction and business interruption. Beyond direct impacts, natural disasters also cause indirect effects like utility disruptions and emotional tolls like anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress. The loss of lives and homes creates further hardships for victims. Overall, natural disasters have wide-ranging consequences on environments, economies, and human well-being.
This document provides information about disaster management. It begins by defining a disaster and describing the origins of the term. It then outlines different types of natural and man-made disasters, including earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides, cyclones, floods, droughts, and more. The disaster management cycle of pre-disaster, during, and post-disaster phases is also explained. Specific examples of India's vulnerability to different types of disasters are given. The document concludes by discussing potential future disasters and emphasizing the importance of disaster preparedness.
A natural disaster is the effect of earths natural hazards, for example flood, tornado, hurricane, volcanic eruption, earthquake, heatwave, or landslide. They can lead to financial, environmental or human losses. The resulting loss depends on the vulnerability of the affected population to resist the hazard, also called their resilience. If these disasters continue it would be a great danger for the earth
The document discusses floods in India, including definitions, causes, impacts, management strategies, and case studies. It provides an overview of flood types, forecasting methods, zoning, and benefits. Major factors that cause floods are described. Impacts include loss of life, property damage, health issues, and economic disruption. Management involves mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Case studies of specific flood events in India are also presented.
Floods are caused by overflowing rivers and water bodies due to heavy rainfall or storms. They can be slow onset floods developing over time or rapid onset flash floods. To protect oneself, important measures include proper city planning, knowing early warning signals, evacuating dangerous areas, disinfecting flooded areas, and discarding contaminated food and supplies after a flood.
There are three types of disasters: natural, man-made, and technological. Natural disasters include earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, landslides, and cyclones. Man-made disasters result from human actions, intentions, negligence or error, such as accidents, fires, industrial accidents, and terrorist attacks. Technological disasters involve infrastructure failures and include transportation and industrial accidents. All disasters can result in loss of life and property damage.
- Natural disasters are events caused by natural hazards like floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and heat waves. They can cause financial losses, environmental damage, and loss of human life depending on a population's resilience and ability to prevent hazards.
- Common natural disasters include avalanches caused by accumulated snow and ice, earthquakes from seismic activity in the Earth's crust, volcanic eruptions from gas release or thermal contraction in volcanoes, and floods from overflowing bodies of water. Other disasters are droughts, tornadoes, heat waves, blizzards, and potential asteroid or comet impacts.
India experiences many natural disasters that cause loss of life and property damage. Some key points:
- India averages over 4,600 deaths per year from disasters like earthquakes, floods, landslides, cyclones and heat waves. Over 1.5 billion people are affected on average each year.
- Economic damage from disasters averages over $1.5 billion per year. Some of the costliest individual disasters include the 1993 floods ($7 billion), 2006 floods ($3.39 billion), and the 2001 earthquake ($2.62 billion).
- The document concludes that India is not fully prepared to handle national disasters due to the widespread impacts experienced. Preparedness needs to be improved to better cope with future disasters.
Natural disasters such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, floods, and tornadoes can have significant environmental, economic, and human impacts. They often permanently alter the local landscape and can lead to the destruction of local species. Even minor storms can cause considerable economic damage through infrastructure destruction and business interruption. Beyond direct impacts, natural disasters also cause indirect effects like utility disruptions and emotional tolls like anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress. The loss of lives and homes creates further hardships for victims. Overall, natural disasters have wide-ranging consequences on environments, economies, and human well-being.
This document provides information about disaster management. It begins by defining a disaster and describing the origins of the term. It then outlines different types of natural and man-made disasters, including earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides, cyclones, floods, droughts, and more. The disaster management cycle of pre-disaster, during, and post-disaster phases is also explained. Specific examples of India's vulnerability to different types of disasters are given. The document concludes by discussing potential future disasters and emphasizing the importance of disaster preparedness.
A natural disaster is the effect of earths natural hazards, for example flood, tornado, hurricane, volcanic eruption, earthquake, heatwave, or landslide. They can lead to financial, environmental or human losses. The resulting loss depends on the vulnerability of the affected population to resist the hazard, also called their resilience. If these disasters continue it would be a great danger for the earth
The document discusses floods in India, including definitions, causes, impacts, management strategies, and case studies. It provides an overview of flood types, forecasting methods, zoning, and benefits. Major factors that cause floods are described. Impacts include loss of life, property damage, health issues, and economic disruption. Management involves mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Case studies of specific flood events in India are also presented.
Floods are caused by overflowing rivers and water bodies due to heavy rainfall or storms. They can be slow onset floods developing over time or rapid onset flash floods. To protect oneself, important measures include proper city planning, knowing early warning signals, evacuating dangerous areas, disinfecting flooded areas, and discarding contaminated food and supplies after a flood.
There are three types of disasters: natural, man-made, and technological. Natural disasters include earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, landslides, and cyclones. Man-made disasters result from human actions, intentions, negligence or error, such as accidents, fires, industrial accidents, and terrorist attacks. Technological disasters involve infrastructure failures and include transportation and industrial accidents. All disasters can result in loss of life and property damage.
- Natural disasters are events caused by natural hazards like floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and heat waves. They can cause financial losses, environmental damage, and loss of human life depending on a population's resilience and ability to prevent hazards.
- Common natural disasters include avalanches caused by accumulated snow and ice, earthquakes from seismic activity in the Earth's crust, volcanic eruptions from gas release or thermal contraction in volcanoes, and floods from overflowing bodies of water. Other disasters are droughts, tornadoes, heat waves, blizzards, and potential asteroid or comet impacts.
This document provides an introduction to disasters including definitions and examples. It defines a disaster as an event that causes damage or loss of life on a large scale and requires an extraordinary response. Hazards are phenomena that have the potential to cause disruption. Various natural and man-made causes of disasters are outlined. Examples of different types of disasters are given such as earthquakes, floods, volcanic eruptions, and more. Descriptions of specific disasters like earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes are included. Disasters are classified into categories such as water and climate related, geological, chemical and industrial. The results and consequences of disasters are injuries, emotional stress, epidemics, and economic harm. Factors that determine the impact
Cyclones are large revolving storms caused by winds circulating around a low pressure center. They are classified according to location and scale. Tropical cyclones form over warm tropical waters and have organized thunderstorms and surface winds. They go through formative, mature, and decay stages and can last several weeks, powered by heat from ocean evaporation. The Philippines experiences around 20 typhoons annually from July to September, which often cause heavy damage and loss of life.
Natural disasters are major changes that can damage the earth's land and threaten human and animal lives. They include earthquakes caused by shifting tectonic plates that release shock waves, prolonged droughts like the one in Africa in 1968 that lasted 5 years, powerful cyclones with swirling winds that can destroy infrastructure, flooding from heavy rain or snowmelt that causes rivers to overflow their banks, and wildfires ignited by lightning or humans that can spread quickly with wind.
This document discusses the impacts of flooding and flood management strategies. It separates impacts into short term impacts like damage to property and crops, long term impacts like rebuilding infrastructure and costs of insurance, and intangible impacts like emotional stress. Flood management strategies are also categorized into structural methods using engineering like dams, levees, and channels, and softer methods working with the landscape. The document provides activities for students to discuss and analyze different flood impacts and management approaches.
This document discusses man-made disasters and terrorism. It defines a man-made disaster as an event caused directly by identifiable human actions. It then discusses different types of terrorism including religious, state, bio, and cyber terrorism. It lists some common causes of terrorism like religion, security, unemployment, disunity, and politics. Finally, it outlines some impacts of terrorism such as physical destruction, economic uncertainty, effects on insurance and tourism industries, increased government control, and increased political risks.
The document discusses forest fires, their causes, types, effects, and fire management needs. It notes that the most common forest hazard is fire, which can be caused by both environmental/natural factors like lightning or dry conditions, as well as human factors like burning for grazing or agriculture. There are two main types of forest fires: surface fires that burn along the forest floor and crown fires that burn in the tree canopies. Forest fires cause damage through loss of resources, biodiversity, habitat, and increased carbon emissions. Effective fire management requires prevention, detection, rapid response, fuel modification, firefighting resources, and research/training.
A natural disaster is a major event caused by natural hazards that affects the environment and leads to financial, environmental, and human losses. Common natural disasters include floods, tsunamis, tornadoes, hurricanes, cyclones, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, heatwaves, droughts, wildfires, landslides, blizzards, ice storms, and avalanches. Earthquakes, floods, and volcanic eruptions are among the natural disasters that cause the most deaths. Natural disasters can have significant individual, community, economic, and environmental impacts. While not all natural disasters can be prevented, understanding ecology and taking strategies from nature can help lessen their effects.
The document discusses earthquakes, including their causes, types of seismic waves produced, measurement on the Richter scale, potential hazards caused by earthquakes like landslides, fires, liquefaction, tsunamis and floods. It also discusses methods of earthquake prediction and safety precautions to take during an earthquake based on one's location.
A disaster is defined as a natural or man-made hazardous event that causes substantial damage or destruction. Disasters are categorized as either natural or manmade. Natural disasters include floods, cyclones, droughts, and earthquakes, while major manmade disasters include fires, epidemics, pollution, and wars. Disaster management involves efforts to mitigate effects, prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters through emergency management.
The document discusses different types of floods including coastal, riverine, and surface floods. It provides details on the causes of flooding in India such as heavy rainfall, cyclone, inadequate drainage, and deforestation. The impacts of floods include loss of lives and property, loss of livelihoods, decreased economic growth, and long-term psychological effects.
This document summarizes different types of natural and man-made disasters, including floods, tornadoes, cyclones, volcanic eruptions, landslides, fires, and industrial hazards. For each type of disaster, it provides a definition and examples of management strategies such as making evacuation plans, preparing emergency supplies, and safety precautions during the disaster event.
Natural disasters such as cyclones, earthquakes, tornadoes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, floods, landslides, droughts, waterspouts and wildfires are some of the most damaging hazards that can occur. Cyclones have strong rotating winds and develop over warm ocean waters, while earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust. Tornadoes are violently rotating columns of air that can reach wind speeds over 300 mph. Volcanic eruptions violently eject lava, ash and gases from volcanic vents. Tsunamis are large sea waves caused by underwater seismic events that can flood coastal areas.
Natural hazards and disaster,types,mitigation and managementkamal brar
This document provides an introduction to natural hazards and discusses several specific types of hazards including earthquakes, tsunamis, and tropical cyclones. It explains that a geohazard involves an earth process interacting with human activity to cause loss of life or property. Understanding the human element is critical because population growth is increasing the number of people living in hazard-prone areas. While the geological processes cannot be stopped, efforts can be made to mitigate hazards through scientific study, education, engineering practices, and emergency management. Specific natural hazards like earthquakes, tsunamis, and tropical cyclones are then examined in more detail including how they form and the damage they can cause.
This document discusses different types of natural disasters. It categorizes natural disasters into geological, hydrological, meteorological, wildfires, health, and space disasters. For each category, it provides examples and descriptions of specific disaster types. Geological disasters include avalanches, landslides, earthquakes, sinkholes, and volcanic eruptions. Hydrological disasters include floods, limnic eruptions, and tsunamis. Meteorological disasters include blizzards, cyclonic storms, droughts, thunderstorms, hailstorms, heat waves, and tornadoes. Health disasters refer to epidemics and pandemics. Space disasters include airbursts and solar flares. In summary, the document provides a
1) Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy from movement along geological faults in the earth's crust, generating seismic waves.
2) Larger earthquakes can trigger tsunamis if located offshore by displacing seabed, as well as landslides and volcanic eruptions.
3) Earthquake shaking causes loss of life and property destruction from building collapse and landslides burying infrastructure.
This document provides an introduction to floods, including their definition, types, causes, and impacts. It discusses areal floods, flash floods, river floods, coastal floods, urban floods, and catastrophic floods. The major causes of floods are described as heavy rainfall, siltation of river beds, blockages in drains, landslides, and dam/reservoir construction. The document then focuses on floods in India, outlining major flood-prone areas and state-level vulnerability trends. Several significant flood events across India are highlighted, including the 1987 Bihar floods, 2005 Gujarat floods, 2005 Maharashtra floods, 2012 Assam floods, 2013 Uttarakhand floods, and 2014 Jammu & Kashmir
The document defines different types of hazards and disasters. It discusses natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, landslides, tropical cyclones, floods, storms, mudslides, avalanches, droughts, and wildfires. It also covers technological disasters, environmental disasters, and complex disasters involving terrorism, civil unrest, and refugee problems. The document provides descriptions and examples of each type of hazard and disaster.
Sst class 9 becoming a disaster managementRajat Gupta
This document provides definitions and explanations of key terms related to disasters:
- A hazard is a natural or human-induced event that can cause harm, while a disaster occurs when a hazard's impacts exceed a community's ability to cope.
- Disasters can be rapid-onset like earthquakes or slow-onset like droughts, and are caused either by natural or human factors.
- A disaster results from the interaction between hazards and vulnerable conditions in a community. Vulnerability is determined by social, economic, and environmental factors.
- Risk is the probability of harm from potential interactions between hazards and vulnerabilities.
- Disaster management involves activities before, during, and after a disaster to control the situation and
Natural disasters can severely injure or kill people and cause immense property damage. In 2010, natural disasters killed 295,000 people and cost insurers $218 billion globally. The 2011 Tsunami and earthquake in Japan killed over 10,000 people, while Hurricane Katrina in 2005 alone caused $81 billion in property damage to New Orleans, flooding 80% of the city under 15 feet of water and reducing the city's population. While natural disasters cannot be prevented, organizations help with relief efforts, rebuilding, and preparing for aftermaths that can include landslides and fires.
This document provides an introduction to disasters including definitions and examples. It defines a disaster as an event that causes damage or loss of life on a large scale and requires an extraordinary response. Hazards are phenomena that have the potential to cause disruption. Various natural and man-made causes of disasters are outlined. Examples of different types of disasters are given such as earthquakes, floods, volcanic eruptions, and more. Descriptions of specific disasters like earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes are included. Disasters are classified into categories such as water and climate related, geological, chemical and industrial. The results and consequences of disasters are injuries, emotional stress, epidemics, and economic harm. Factors that determine the impact
Cyclones are large revolving storms caused by winds circulating around a low pressure center. They are classified according to location and scale. Tropical cyclones form over warm tropical waters and have organized thunderstorms and surface winds. They go through formative, mature, and decay stages and can last several weeks, powered by heat from ocean evaporation. The Philippines experiences around 20 typhoons annually from July to September, which often cause heavy damage and loss of life.
Natural disasters are major changes that can damage the earth's land and threaten human and animal lives. They include earthquakes caused by shifting tectonic plates that release shock waves, prolonged droughts like the one in Africa in 1968 that lasted 5 years, powerful cyclones with swirling winds that can destroy infrastructure, flooding from heavy rain or snowmelt that causes rivers to overflow their banks, and wildfires ignited by lightning or humans that can spread quickly with wind.
This document discusses the impacts of flooding and flood management strategies. It separates impacts into short term impacts like damage to property and crops, long term impacts like rebuilding infrastructure and costs of insurance, and intangible impacts like emotional stress. Flood management strategies are also categorized into structural methods using engineering like dams, levees, and channels, and softer methods working with the landscape. The document provides activities for students to discuss and analyze different flood impacts and management approaches.
This document discusses man-made disasters and terrorism. It defines a man-made disaster as an event caused directly by identifiable human actions. It then discusses different types of terrorism including religious, state, bio, and cyber terrorism. It lists some common causes of terrorism like religion, security, unemployment, disunity, and politics. Finally, it outlines some impacts of terrorism such as physical destruction, economic uncertainty, effects on insurance and tourism industries, increased government control, and increased political risks.
The document discusses forest fires, their causes, types, effects, and fire management needs. It notes that the most common forest hazard is fire, which can be caused by both environmental/natural factors like lightning or dry conditions, as well as human factors like burning for grazing or agriculture. There are two main types of forest fires: surface fires that burn along the forest floor and crown fires that burn in the tree canopies. Forest fires cause damage through loss of resources, biodiversity, habitat, and increased carbon emissions. Effective fire management requires prevention, detection, rapid response, fuel modification, firefighting resources, and research/training.
A natural disaster is a major event caused by natural hazards that affects the environment and leads to financial, environmental, and human losses. Common natural disasters include floods, tsunamis, tornadoes, hurricanes, cyclones, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, heatwaves, droughts, wildfires, landslides, blizzards, ice storms, and avalanches. Earthquakes, floods, and volcanic eruptions are among the natural disasters that cause the most deaths. Natural disasters can have significant individual, community, economic, and environmental impacts. While not all natural disasters can be prevented, understanding ecology and taking strategies from nature can help lessen their effects.
The document discusses earthquakes, including their causes, types of seismic waves produced, measurement on the Richter scale, potential hazards caused by earthquakes like landslides, fires, liquefaction, tsunamis and floods. It also discusses methods of earthquake prediction and safety precautions to take during an earthquake based on one's location.
A disaster is defined as a natural or man-made hazardous event that causes substantial damage or destruction. Disasters are categorized as either natural or manmade. Natural disasters include floods, cyclones, droughts, and earthquakes, while major manmade disasters include fires, epidemics, pollution, and wars. Disaster management involves efforts to mitigate effects, prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters through emergency management.
The document discusses different types of floods including coastal, riverine, and surface floods. It provides details on the causes of flooding in India such as heavy rainfall, cyclone, inadequate drainage, and deforestation. The impacts of floods include loss of lives and property, loss of livelihoods, decreased economic growth, and long-term psychological effects.
This document summarizes different types of natural and man-made disasters, including floods, tornadoes, cyclones, volcanic eruptions, landslides, fires, and industrial hazards. For each type of disaster, it provides a definition and examples of management strategies such as making evacuation plans, preparing emergency supplies, and safety precautions during the disaster event.
Natural disasters such as cyclones, earthquakes, tornadoes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, floods, landslides, droughts, waterspouts and wildfires are some of the most damaging hazards that can occur. Cyclones have strong rotating winds and develop over warm ocean waters, while earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust. Tornadoes are violently rotating columns of air that can reach wind speeds over 300 mph. Volcanic eruptions violently eject lava, ash and gases from volcanic vents. Tsunamis are large sea waves caused by underwater seismic events that can flood coastal areas.
Natural hazards and disaster,types,mitigation and managementkamal brar
This document provides an introduction to natural hazards and discusses several specific types of hazards including earthquakes, tsunamis, and tropical cyclones. It explains that a geohazard involves an earth process interacting with human activity to cause loss of life or property. Understanding the human element is critical because population growth is increasing the number of people living in hazard-prone areas. While the geological processes cannot be stopped, efforts can be made to mitigate hazards through scientific study, education, engineering practices, and emergency management. Specific natural hazards like earthquakes, tsunamis, and tropical cyclones are then examined in more detail including how they form and the damage they can cause.
This document discusses different types of natural disasters. It categorizes natural disasters into geological, hydrological, meteorological, wildfires, health, and space disasters. For each category, it provides examples and descriptions of specific disaster types. Geological disasters include avalanches, landslides, earthquakes, sinkholes, and volcanic eruptions. Hydrological disasters include floods, limnic eruptions, and tsunamis. Meteorological disasters include blizzards, cyclonic storms, droughts, thunderstorms, hailstorms, heat waves, and tornadoes. Health disasters refer to epidemics and pandemics. Space disasters include airbursts and solar flares. In summary, the document provides a
1) Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy from movement along geological faults in the earth's crust, generating seismic waves.
2) Larger earthquakes can trigger tsunamis if located offshore by displacing seabed, as well as landslides and volcanic eruptions.
3) Earthquake shaking causes loss of life and property destruction from building collapse and landslides burying infrastructure.
This document provides an introduction to floods, including their definition, types, causes, and impacts. It discusses areal floods, flash floods, river floods, coastal floods, urban floods, and catastrophic floods. The major causes of floods are described as heavy rainfall, siltation of river beds, blockages in drains, landslides, and dam/reservoir construction. The document then focuses on floods in India, outlining major flood-prone areas and state-level vulnerability trends. Several significant flood events across India are highlighted, including the 1987 Bihar floods, 2005 Gujarat floods, 2005 Maharashtra floods, 2012 Assam floods, 2013 Uttarakhand floods, and 2014 Jammu & Kashmir
The document defines different types of hazards and disasters. It discusses natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, landslides, tropical cyclones, floods, storms, mudslides, avalanches, droughts, and wildfires. It also covers technological disasters, environmental disasters, and complex disasters involving terrorism, civil unrest, and refugee problems. The document provides descriptions and examples of each type of hazard and disaster.
Sst class 9 becoming a disaster managementRajat Gupta
This document provides definitions and explanations of key terms related to disasters:
- A hazard is a natural or human-induced event that can cause harm, while a disaster occurs when a hazard's impacts exceed a community's ability to cope.
- Disasters can be rapid-onset like earthquakes or slow-onset like droughts, and are caused either by natural or human factors.
- A disaster results from the interaction between hazards and vulnerable conditions in a community. Vulnerability is determined by social, economic, and environmental factors.
- Risk is the probability of harm from potential interactions between hazards and vulnerabilities.
- Disaster management involves activities before, during, and after a disaster to control the situation and
Natural disasters can severely injure or kill people and cause immense property damage. In 2010, natural disasters killed 295,000 people and cost insurers $218 billion globally. The 2011 Tsunami and earthquake in Japan killed over 10,000 people, while Hurricane Katrina in 2005 alone caused $81 billion in property damage to New Orleans, flooding 80% of the city under 15 feet of water and reducing the city's population. While natural disasters cannot be prevented, organizations help with relief efforts, rebuilding, and preparing for aftermaths that can include landslides and fires.
This document outlines objectives and guidelines for effective questioning in the classroom. It discusses the purposes of questioning, principles of good questioning, Bloom's Taxonomy of cognitive levels, types of questions, and strategies for developing and critiquing questions. The objectives are to understand principles of questioning, Bloom's levels, write questions at each level, justify question categorizations, create a lesson with different question types, and analyze used questions.
The 8.9 magnitude earthquake off the coast of Japan on March 11, 2011 triggered a massive tsunami that caused widespread destruction and loss of life across Japan; the earthquake and tsunami had devastating primary impacts such as damaged infrastructure, loss of power and water supplies, and a tsunami over 24 feet high, as well as secondary impacts including fires, landslides, and an explosion at a nuclear power plant. While the impacts were immense, preparedness measures and policies in Japan helped to minimize loss of life.
This document discusses natural disasters, including what defines a natural disaster versus a natural hazard. It then lists and provides brief descriptions of common natural disasters such as earthquakes, avalanches, landslides, floods, tsunamis, blizzards, droughts, and wildfires. For earthquakes specifically, it outlines what to do before, during, and after an earthquake occurs. It also notes that earthquakes are among the most likely natural disasters to occur in Chile and lists some active volcanoes in the country.
1) A natural disaster is defined as a natural hazard that causes significant financial and human losses through its impact on the environment. Examples include floods, earthquakes, tsunamis, and epidemics.
2) Natural disasters occur when natural hazards intersect with vulnerabilities in human systems. Major causes are seismic activity, soil erosion, and the greenhouse effect.
3) Natural disasters can be categorized as either hydrometeorological, involving atmospheric/hydrological phenomena like floods and storms, or geological, involving earthquakes, tsunamis and landslides.
This document discusses natural disasters that commonly occur in Bangladesh. It notes that Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to natural disasters like floods, cyclones, landslides, droughts, and earthquakes due to its geography and climate. Major floods have occurred in 1954, 1987, 1988, 1998 and caused loss of life and property. Cyclones in 1991 and 2007 also killed over 100,000 people. Landslides in Chittagong in 2007 killed over 120 people. Earthquakes are another hazard, with one in 1997 causing damage. Droughts regularly affect parts of Bangladesh and have humanitarian impacts. The document outlines damage from various natural disasters and calls for mitigation efforts.
JAPAN Earthquake & Tsunami - March 2011Emerito Razon
A massive 8.9 magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of Japan, triggering a devastating tsunami. The tsunami reached heights of over 20 feet in some areas, sweeping away homes, vehicles, and killing hundreds of people. Major damage occurred in coastal cities and towns, with many structures caught fire after being flooded by the tsunami waters. The earthquake and tsunami caused widespread destruction along Japan's eastern coast and major disruption to transportation and infrastructure.
Disaster management involves preparing for, responding to, and recovering from disasters. A disaster is defined as any event that causes damage, loss of life, or deterioration of health beyond the capacity of local communities. Disaster nursing focuses on meeting physical and emotional needs resulting from disasters. Disasters can be natural or man-made, and affect communities in different ways depending on factors like speed of onset and duration. The phases of disaster management include preparedness, response, rehabilitation, and mitigation. Nurses play an important role in all phases through activities like community assessment, triage, disease surveillance, and psychological support.
The document provides information about various natural disasters including avalanches, earthquakes, hurricanes, landslides, thunderstorms, tornados, tsunamis, and volcanoes. For each type of disaster, it describes what causes it and includes one or more relevant images. It also provides additional resources and links for further information. The document was written by Ben Darin, a 19-year-old studying elementary education, who included his contact information.
Disasters can be natural or man-made. Natural disasters include cyclones, earthquakes, tornados, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, floods, wildfires, droughts, avalanches, and landslides. Man-made disasters involve human elements like negligence, intent, or technological failures and include nuclear bombings, acts of terrorism, and oil spills. The document then provides examples and details of some specific major natural and man-made disasters that have occurred throughout history.
Disaster management involves dealing with and avoiding both natural and man-made disasters through preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation efforts. It aims to reduce vulnerabilities and impacts through organized and sustained actions to analyze and manage hazards and the underlying risks. Key aspects of disaster management include preparedness before a disaster through activities like risk assessment, warning systems, and stockpiling resources; immediate response efforts during an event; and long-term rehabilitation and reconstruction work after an event to support regrowth. Effective disaster management requires coordination and planning across different levels of government, organizations, and communities.
Climate change is argued to be linked to increased natural disasters like hurricanes. Experts agree that global warming has increased atmospheric temperatures and storm intensities. The document discusses definitions of climate change and natural disasters. It also provides tips for preparing for different types of natural disasters like hurricanes, winter storms, and thunderstorms by having emergency supplies.
1) Economic impacts of natural disasters can be devastating and widespread, damaging houses, businesses, infrastructure, and disrupting livelihoods. Physical damage is the most visible economic impact.
2) Communities respond differently to disasters - some recover and prosper while others experience long-term economic declines. Understanding factors like community resilience is important for recovery.
3) Economic impacts are classified as tangible impacts that can be assigned a monetary value, and intangible impacts that are difficult to quantify financially. Almost all impacts have an economic dimension.
Effect of natural disaster on water security and scarcity (palu indonesia case)ChandraTanaka
This document summarizes a student paper about the effect of the 2018 Palu earthquake and tsunami in Indonesia on water security and scarcity. It discusses how natural disasters like tsunamis can directly and indirectly impact water availability, accessibility, and quality. The Palu tsunami contaminated water sources with saltwater, deteriorated water availability and quality, and increased waterborne diseases. It highlights the importance of effective disaster response and water management plans to address water issues after a natural catastrophe.
This document discusses disasters, including definitions, types, phases and the role of nursing. It begins by defining a disaster according to the WHO and FEMA. It describes different types of natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods and volcanic eruptions. The three phases of a disaster are outlined as pre-impact, impact and post-impact. Nursing goals in each phase are summarized, including rapid assessment, triage and meeting physical and emotional needs. The overall goal of disaster nursing is achieving the best possible health outcomes for those affected.
This document provides information about Pranav Ghildiyal's school project on disaster management. It discusses different types of natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, avalanches, droughts, and tornadoes. It also discusses man-made disasters and provides classifications and examples of geological, climatic, and atmospheric hazards. The document includes tables ranking the deadliest events for various natural disasters.
This document summarizes the key issues around climate change and disaster preparedness in the Asia-Pacific region. It notes that the number of natural disasters has increased dramatically since 1950, with 90% related to extreme weather. The poor are most vulnerable to disasters, as they suffer the greatest losses and have the lowest capacity to cope. Many countries in the Asia-Pacific lie in hazard-prone areas and experience frequent disasters like typhoons, floods, droughts, landslides, earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanoes. Disasters can severely impact development and leave lasting psychological impacts.
Natural disasters are events that result from forces of nature such as hurricanes, floods, earthquakes, wildfires, and tornadoes. They occur in almost every part of the world and each region is prone to certain types of natural disasters. It is important to understand the natural disasters that affect your region so you can learn how to prepare for them. Common natural disasters include hurricanes, floods, tornadoes, earthquakes, and wildfires. Proper preparation like storing water, food, batteries, and first aid supplies can help keep people safe during a natural disaster.
weather disasters and natural disastersmukundapriya
1) Natural disasters are major adverse events caused by natural processes of the Earth such as floods, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, and other geologic processes.
2) Natural disasters can cause loss of life, property damage, and economic losses depending on the resilience of the affected population.
3) In 2012, there were 905 natural catastrophes totaling $170 billion in losses, with storms and floods accounting for the majority while earthquakes and volcanic eruptions made up 7%.
Challenges and Perspective of Disaster ManagementRutuja Chudnaik
Challenges and Perspective of Disaster Management,Disaster- An Introduction,The cost and consequences of disasters, Development and natural disasters, Disaster Risk Reduction, Disaster Management Cycle, Disaster management in India, Natural Disaster – Droughts, Drought: causes and effects, Impact of drought: Indian scenario, Drought disaster challenges and mitigation in India, Drought assessment: tools and techniques, Drought management and challenges, Drought management framework in India, Conclusion.
The document is an information graphic that summarizes the causes and health impacts of floods and how their frequency and severity may increase in the future due to climate change. It discusses how rising sea levels and temperatures can lead to heavier rainfall and more extreme weather events. It also outlines the populations and areas most vulnerable to flooding, and the infectious diseases, toxic contamination, and mental health impacts that may result.
Climate change is disproportionately affecting the world's poorest people and countries. The effects of climate change like droughts, floods, extreme weather, and rising sea levels are damaging agriculture and reducing food security. This is negatively impacting the health, livelihoods, and lives of millions of people living in poverty who depend on agriculture but have contributed least to causing climate change. Key ways the effects of climate change hurt the poor the most include reduced agricultural productivity due to drought and water shortages, damage from floods and extreme weather, and loss of land and livelihoods in low-lying coastal areas.
The Philippines faces several natural hazards due to its location in the Pacific Ring of Fire. These include earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and typhoons which can cause flooding and landslides. Over the past 20 years, these disasters have killed over 31,000 people and affected over 94 million. The document discusses Philippine disaster risk profiles and outlines the country's vulnerability due to its hazards, impacts of climate change, and socioeconomic factors. It also defines disaster risk management and reduction concepts.
Disaster managment by dr konica gupta.pptxKonicaGupta2
Dr. Konica Gupta's presentation defined disasters and their characteristics. A disaster causes insurmountable loss and destruction, affecting people socially, economically, and psychologically. They are unpredictable, unfamiliar, uncertain, and require urgency. The WHO defines a disaster as seriously disrupting a community's functioning through widespread losses exceeding its ability to cope. Disasters are classified as natural or man-made, acute or gradual. India is highly vulnerable to various natural disasters like earthquakes, floods, cyclones, droughts. Key factors impacting health after a disaster include social reactions, communicable diseases, population displacement, food/water issues, and damaged infrastructure.
The document discusses how global warming has led to rising temperatures and melting ice sheets over the last century, with scientists establishing that high carbon dioxide levels are the main cause. Global warming poses life-threatening risks and is primarily human-caused due to technological advances, though some debate whether it is natural or man-made remains. The public has been influenced by media to be less concerned about global warming, but scientists warn it needs urgent action.
Similar to “Natural Disaster, its causes & effects.” (18)
The document provides information about the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), including its objectives, mission, sectors, leadership, membership, development activities, and the 2012 World Conference on International Telecommunications (WCIT-12). Some key points:
- ITU is a UN agency that coordinates global use of radio spectrum and satellite orbits and sets standards for telecommunications.
- It has 3 sectors: radiocommunication, standardization, and development.
- WCIT-12 addressed proposed changes to international telecom regulations that concerned some as potentially increasing government control over the internet.
- An amended treaty was signed by 89 countries but not the US and others who support the current multi-stakeholder model
China is the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases and consumer of coal. Coal supplies around 70% of China's energy needs and its coal consumption has increased dramatically in recent years. China has taken steps to address its carbon emissions through plans like increasing renewable energy and implementing more stringent carbon intensity reduction targets. It also has vast shale gas reserves that it aims to develop to replace coal and reduce emissions. However, China still faces challenges in balancing energy demand with sustainable supply and reducing its heavy reliance on coal.
The document summarizes the history and development of telecommunications in Bangladesh. It discusses how the system originated from the British colonial government and was established as the Bangladesh Telegraph and Telephone Department after independence in 1971. It then overviews the legal framework including the Telegraph Act of 1885, the establishment of regulatory bodies like the Telecommunication Regulatory Commission, and policies like the National Telecom Policy of 1998. Finally, it provides details on the current status of telephone services, transmission networks, and international connectivity in Bangladesh.
Assignment on Interpretation of Statutes in Common Law and Civil Law System 0...Asian Paint Bangladesh Ltd
This document provides an assignment submitted by six students on interpreting statutes in common law and civil law systems. It begins with definitions of common law and outlines several principles of statutory interpretation used in common law, including literal construction, the mischief rule, and the golden rule. It also briefly defines civil law and notes it will discuss the civil law approach to interpretation. The document contains a table of contents outlining the topics it will cover related to interpreting statutes in different legal systems.
Pacific Bangladesh Telecom Limited (Citycell) is the first mobile company in Bangladesh, launching service in 1993. It has over 950 employees and 9.75 lakh customers across 6 divisions and 50 districts. Citycell faces competition from Grameenphone but has expanded its network coverage and increased customers from 5 lakhs to 9.75 lakhs in recent years through marketing strategies like new products, network expansion, attractive pricing, and advertising. Citycell provides various prepaid and postpaid plans along with services like cash cards, voice mail, SMS, and 24/7 customer service to attract and retain customers.
The document discusses solar energy, including its definition as radiant light and heat from the sun that is transformed into different types of energy. It is the most abundant renewable energy source and is commonly collected using solar panels. It has advantages like being long-lasting, silent and non-polluting, but disadvantages including high initial costs. Applications include powering houses, water heating, farming, and generating electricity through photovoltaic cells.
Customer service of airtel telecom bangladesh limited by sayef amin 019241222...Asian Paint Bangladesh Ltd
Airtel Telecom launched operations in Bangladesh in 2007 and has since expanded its network coverage and customer base. It aims to achieve a modern corporate identity and be seen as a provider of comprehensive communication services, not just voice. Airtel's affordable pricing, quality network and services, and customer support have enabled it to gain market share. However, the report faces limitations from a lack of access to all company information and an inability to interview competitors.
The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is responsible for issues concerning information and communication technologies. It was founded in 1865 as the International Telegraph Union and took its current name in 1934. The ITU has 193 member states and oversees legal frameworks and standards to facilitate global interoperability and interconnection in telecommunications networks. It also organizes conferences, workshops and other capacity building events on topics related to ICT development.
Dhaka, Bangladesh is facing serious traffic problems due to its large and growing population. Traffic congestion costs the city $3 billion per year in lost time and productivity. Several large infrastructure projects have been proposed to address the issue, but feasibility studies have not been conducted and quick implementation may lead to selecting inappropriate projects. Smaller, low-cost solutions should be implemented in the short-term through better use of existing roads, waterways, and public transport while long-term solutions such as new infrastructure are planned properly. Both small and large scale projects are needed to solve Dhaka's traffic problems in an effective manner.
This document discusses issues related to ensuring safe drinking water in Bangladesh. It outlines several challenges, including arsenic contamination of groundwater, cultivation of shrimp which increases salinity, reduction of upstream river flows, excessive groundwater use, and natural disasters. Current policy initiatives and the work of NGO Uttaran to increase access to safe drinking water are also mentioned. The document provides background on water management challenges in Bangladesh and their health, social and economic impacts.
Montreal Convention (Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for Inte...Asian Paint Bangladesh Ltd
This document summarizes the key provisions of the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air (Montreal, 28 May 1999). It establishes rules for international carriage of persons, baggage, and cargo by air. Some key points:
- It applies to all international carriage of persons, baggage, or cargo performed by aircraft for reward, as well as some gratuitous carriage.
- It defines "international carriage" and establishes documentation requirements for passengers and baggage (e.g. an individual or collective document of carriage) and for cargo (e.g. an air waybill).
- It addresses the liability of carriers for death or injury of passengers, destruction or
This 3 sentence summary provides the essential information about the document:
The document is an assignment for an International Air and Aviation Law course at Southeast University's Department of Law and Justice, with a focus on the Hague Convention of 1970, submitted on August 26, 2013.
Assignment On: Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh National Po...Asian Paint Bangladesh Ltd
This document outlines the National Policy for Safe Water Supply and Sanitation in Bangladesh. The key points are:
1) The policy aims to ensure all people have access to affordable and sustainable water and sanitation services to improve public health.
2) It outlines strategies such as increasing user participation, adopting appropriate technologies, capacity building, and private sector involvement to achieve universal coverage of water and sanitation.
3) The policy covers both rural and urban areas, with objectives including increasing rural water coverage, ensuring sanitation facilities in all households, and improving water quality.
This document outlines Bangladesh's National Policy for Safe Water Supply and Sanitation from 1998. It discusses the government's goal of ensuring all people have access to affordable and safe water and sanitation. The policy covers rural and urban water supply and sanitation issues separately. In rural areas, the policy focuses on community involvement in planning, cost-sharing, and maintenance of water supply facilities. It also promotes women's participation and a range of appropriate technology options.
Assignment On: “Water Resources Management in the Remediation of Ground Water...Asian Paint Bangladesh Ltd
The document summarizes the severe problem of arsenic contamination of groundwater in Bangladesh, which has impacted millions of people. It discusses the need to find alternative sources of safe drinking water through improved water resources management. Potential alternatives discussed include surface water treated with pond sand filters, rainwater harvesting, and exploring uncontaminated deep or other groundwater sources. Community-based management is needed to effectively utilize alternative water sources.
This document provides an overview of specific relief under Indian law. It discusses key concepts like specific performance of contracts and recovery of possession of property. Specific relief refers to a form of judicial remedy where a party is compelled by a civil court to do or refrain from doing a certain act. The Specific Relief Act of 1877 governs specific relief in India and is based on principles of equity. It allows for specific performance of contracts for sale of immovable property, partial performance of contracts where part of the obligation cannot be fulfilled, and rights of purchasers against vendors with imperfect title. Certain types of contracts cannot be specifically enforced, such as those requiring continuous performance over 3 years or those with uncertain terms.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
2. Introduction of Natural Disaster:
A natural disaster is a disaster caused by nature, such as floods, volcanic eruptions,
earthquakes, tsunamis, avalanches, lahars (volcanic mudslides), landslides,
sinkholes, blizzards, drought, hailstorms, heat waves, hurricanes, tropical storms,
typhoons, Ice Ages, tornadoes, and wildfires. Epidemics caused by bacteria or
viruses are sometimes considered natural disasters, but sometimes put into a
different category. A biological threat such as locusts or toxic fungi could also be
considered a natural disaster.
Some disasters are on the edge of natural and non-natural. Famines, the chronic
lack of food, may be caused by a combination of natural and human factors. Two
space-originating categories of natural disaster, both of which rarely effect humans
on the surface, include asteroid impacts and solar flares. Although the risk of
asteroid impact in the short term may be low, some scientists argue that in the long
term, the likelihood of death by asteroid is similar to that of death by traditional
natural disasters such as disease.
The deadliest natural disasters are famines, which claimed 70 million people
during the 20th century alone, with 30 million dying during the famine of 1958–61
in China. In the Soviet Union there were several man-made famines that killed
millions, blamed on the collectivist policies of Stalin, the leader of the country at
the time. Famines have a history of bringing out the worst in people, including
atrocities and cannibalism.
Another of the deadliest natural disasters is epidemics, most notably the Spanish
flu of 1918-1919, which killed 50 million — more than World War I, which had
occurred just before. Rather than killing infants or the aged, the Spanish flu struck
down people in the prime of life. Having a good immune system was no protection
against this virus — in fact, it was a liability. The virus is believed to have killed
its victims primarily through over activating the immune system in a process called
a cytokine storm.
Historically, volcanoes may have been the biggest type of natural disaster. Some
scientists believe that the eruption of Mt. Toba in Indonesia over 73,000 years ago
may have killed off most of the human species, leaving behind only 1,000 - 10,000
breeding pairs. This phenomenon, called a population bottleneck, has been
confirmed through genetic analysis.
2
3. Definition of Natural Disaster:
A natural disaster is the effect of earth’s natural hazards, for example flood,
tornado, hurricane, volcanic eruption, earthquake, heat wave, or landslide. They
can lead to financial, environmental or human losses. The resulting loss depends
on the vulnerability of the affected population to resist the hazard, also called their
resilience. If these disasters continue it would be a great danger for the earth. This
understanding is concentrated in the formulation: "disasters occur when hazards
meet vulnerability."[Thus a natural hazard will not result in a natural disaster in
areas without vulnerability, e.g. strong earthquakes in uninhabited areas. The term
natural has consequently been disputed because the events simply are not hazards
or disasters without human involvement. A concrete example of the division
between a natural hazard and a natural disaster is that the 1906 San Francisco
earthquake was a disaster, whereas earthquakes are a hazard. This article gives an
introduction to notable natural disasters; refer to the list of natural disasters for a
comprehensive listing.
Natural disasters are cataclysmic events that can have a direct or indirect impact on
the public's health and well-being, according to the United States Department of
Health and Human Services. Natural disasters can include weather phenomena as
well as landslides and avalanches, which occur as a result of erosion or severe
weather patterns.
Natural disaster of a different kind: Cold Spell in Bangladesh:
Being a Bangladeshi, it is never a pleasant experience to talk about the periodic
natural disasters, mainly floods and cyclones that ravage the country every now
and then. To increase the sufferings of the poor disaster vulnerable people of the
country, recently there has been a new addition to the list of regular natural
disasters of Bangladesh named Cold Spell, thanks to the global climate change.
The impact of Cold Spell is as notorious as other regular natural calamities of
Bangladesh as far as the death toll is in concern. The recent Cold Spell that
appeared on the 7th January in Bangladesh has already taken sixteen lives, out of
which are 9 children and made most of the population of the northern Bangladesh
to suffer with pneumonia, cold diarrhea, cough, fever, asthma and other cold-
related diseases.
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4. During a Cold Spell, gusty extreme cold wind coupled with heavy fog covers the
whole area of Bangladesh. Historically the average winter temperature in
Bangladesh is within 15 to 20 degree Celsius. However, in recent Cold Spells this
average temperature has dropped to as low as 4 degree Celsius, a new record for
the country. The most affected area during this calamity is the northern part of the
Bangladesh which is closer to the Himalayas. Northern Bangladesh is the most
poverty stricken area of the country where people have year round income poverty
and seasonal food poverty during the time of agricultural lean seasons. The recent
catastrophe of Cold Spell has magnified their sufferings to a severe extent,
shortage of warm clothing and shelter has caused them even their lives.
The sufferings of poor people of northern Bangladesh reached to an untold terrible
stage especially for those who live in the remote island areas of river Tista, which
is locally known as Char. Some places in the northern part had not seen the sun for
the last 3 to 4 days due to the extreme fog and clouds. Most places of the char areas
in the river basins remained covered with fog, reducing the visibility till noon
almost every day. In such situations, poor cannot join their regular work because of
the unfavorable weather condition as well as due to sickness. As a result, they lose
a significant share of their regular income which further reduces their ability to
take proper action against the shock.
Also the daily transportation of food items from all parts of the country has been
dangerously interrupted. Basic road and water transportation has been delayed for
an indefinite time, causing major physical communication to an almost complete
halt. Needless to say, such physical communication chaos has triggered the price of
common household commodities to a seasonal extreme, causing the sufferings of
the poor even more severe. People who took desperate attempt to hit the road
ignoring such bad driving conditions have already paid the price with road
accidents if not heavy traffic congestions in the highways.
The main reason for such calamity is the constant and consistent blow of chilly
wind from the northwest blowing at a speed of 10-15 kms per hour which made the
weather further cooler during the typical winter season. As there is no rain, pollen
count in the air is relatively high in this season making the air full of dust and
causing respiratory problem and allergic infections along with asthma, pneumonia,
chronic bronchitis, respiratory problem, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Hospitals, especially those in the northern part of the country, are experiencing
4
5. massive admission of patients suffering from cold related illnesses for the last few
days. Reports received from different sources mentioned seriously sufferings of
thousands and millions people living in the sandy char areas in Kurigram,
Lalmonirhat, Gaibandha, Rangpur, Nilphamari, Bogra and Sirajganj districts on the
Brahmaputra basin.
Effects of Natural Disasters:
Natural disasters have become so commonplace that they hardly receive passing
notice on the news unless there have been a large number of casualties. Volcanoes,
mudslides, tsunamis and floods are just a few of the ways nature strikes on a daily
basis, leaving behind destruction and heartache. Humans have learned to prepare
for the possibility of tornadoes, earthquakes, hurricanes and wildfires, but no
amount of preparation can lessen the impact that natural disasters have on every
aspect of society.
Physical Destruction:
The biggest visible effect of natural
disasters is the physical ruin they
leave behind. Homes, vehicles and
personal possessions are often destroyed within a short period of time, leaving
families homeless and shutting some businesses down permanently. Tornadoes
destroy structures at whim, earthquakes can
cause structural damage that might not be
apparent at first glance, and tsunamis and
floods sweep homes off their foundations.
Emotional Toll:
Possessions are not hard to replace, as many
people keep insurance on their property and
tangible goods. The emotional toll of natural
disasters is much more devastating. The death of a loved one may be the worst-
case scenario but it's not the only lasting emotional effect victims experience.
Whole communities may be displaced, separating friends and neighbors; victims
face anxiety and depression as they wonder if it could happen again. In extreme
cases, they may experience post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Economic Concerns:
According to the National Hurricane Center, Hurricane Katrina cost the U.S. $75
billion when it slammed into New Orleans in August 2005. That doesn't include
5
6. the damage caused in the Florida counties of Miami-Dade and Broward by the
same storm. While destruction of this magnitude is not commonplace, even a
minor storm can cause considerable damage. At the very least, the local economy
must be able to absorb the cost of cleanup and repairs.
Indirect Effects:
While the visible effects of natural disasters are
immediate and strongly felt, communities that
surround ground zero can be indirectly affected by
them as well. Natural disasters almost always lead to
a disruption in utility services around the area
impacted. This can mean life or death for those who rely on dialysis or oxygen to
live. Medical assistance is also often slowed, as emergency crews must focus on
the victims of the disaster. Banks and other businesses might be closed, affecting a
family's ability to withdraw money to pay bills and buy groceries.
Geography:
Geography plays a large role in how natural disasters affect an area. In rural or
isolated communities, natural disasters can thrust families into a situation where
they must do without modern conveniences like electric and running water. They
may not be able to get to town to buy necessities and have to rely on what they
have stocked up. Densely populated areas face their own unique problems from
natural disasters. Hygiene becomes a concern, as people crowd into temporary
relief centers and competes for limited resources.
Environment:
Humans aren't the only living things affected by natural disasters. As is the case
with humans, animals can be displaced from their homes. Sometimes they have no
alternative but to leave the area and try to fit into a new habitat. Volcanoes,
earthquakes, floods, wildfires and mudslides often permanently alter an area's
Landscape, leading in some cases to the destruction of a local species
Disruption of Utilities
Communities that surround areas affected by natural disasters are seriously
affected by the disruption caused to utility services. Generally, power is the first
thing to go when there's a natural disaster. This can literally mean life or death to
the people who are on life support systems such as oxygen and dialysis. Medical
assistance becomes hard to get since the crews are busy helping the victims of the
disaster. Banks can be shut down, causing a shortage of cash circulation that
6
7. prevents people from accessing funds for much needed provisions for babies and
small children.
Emotional Damage
When a natural disaster strikes, the emotional toll on the people affected is quite
devastating. While possessions can be replaced eventually through insurance, the
emotional damage can take a long while to heal. People lose loved ones in natural
disasters; deaths of people and precious pets, serious injury and people missing all
add up to severe emotional trauma. Communities get displaced meaning separation
from family and friends. Victims face stress, trauma, anxiety and depression as a
result of natural disasters.
Social Consequences
The social consequences of natural disasters in the short and long term are wide
ranging. The disasters affect housing; people are left homeless and rebuilding a
home takes a long time and a lot of money. Health care infrastructure is affected;
the impacts are worse in developing countries that already have poor facilities to
begin with. Disease starts spreading and, without proper medical attention, makes a
bad situation worse. Education is a big loser when a natural disaster happens,
schools are often closed, teachers are unable to come in to work and children are
displaced and unable to attend school. Transportation capacity is reduced hindering
relief efforts and disrupting normal life.
What Are the Different Types of Natural Disasters?
Tornado
A tornado occurs on the surface of the earth's land as a result of humidity in the
lower atmosphere combining with wind shears. The spinning comes by way of
downdrafts and updrafts, but the violent speed is usually due to rapid changes in
the air (such as dry air suddenly becoming very cool). When air mass is unstable
and storms come through an area, a tornado often results. The reason most
tornadoes occur in the Midwest of the United States is because tropical winds from
the south Gulf move up to meet the cool winds of Canada's north. When they
collide in the middle, it's usually somewhere around Kansas or Nebraska (though
tornadoes can occur anywhere if the conditions are right, they're usually not as
severe in other regions).
7
8. Earthquake
Violent tremors of the earth's surface are the result of earthquakes, which are
caused by the shifting of the earth's tectonic plates and fault lines below the
surface. When the earth's temperature changes, this causes movement of rock and
plates in the earth's mantle. This happens all over the globe, but some stresses are
more severe in some areas. Parts of the world that experience more earthquakes
usually do so because the plates below them are more brittle and weak. In the
Pacific Ocean, there is the Ring of Fire that stretches up and down the coasts of
North America and South America and continues across to Japan and down to east
of Australia. Volcanic eruption occurs for similar reasons, in that activity occurs
below the surface of the earth causing stress and sudden release of molten rock.
Hurricane
Also known as a tropical cyclone or typhoon, hurricanes are violent storms that
occur off of ocean shores. High winds are produced by water that has evaporated
from an ocean surface in a low pressure area. This also causes a spiraling effect,
which gains momentum the more condensation it collects. Minimal hurricanes
have winds of about 75 mph (Category 1), but the most catastrophic storms will
blow more than 155 mph (Category 5). Once a hurricane hits land, it begins to cool
and slow, but this is the point at which a hurricane does its most damage.
Destruction of trees, cars and buildings is likely in the event of a hurricane.
Causes of Natural Disasters:
Floods:
According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), barring fire,
floods are the most common natural disaster affecting Americans. Floods are a
factor in 90 percent of natural disasters. Flood events have both natural and man-
made causes. Storm events can create flood waters that exceed the capacity of the
environment or man-made structures. Levees and dams provide a false sense of
security as became evident during the Great Flood of 1993 in the Upper
Mississippi River valley. A painful lesson was learned. Wetlands destruction
removed a natural means to absorb floodwaters.
Fires:
Fires are nature's environmental managers. They create and maintain ecosystems
such as prairies and pine forests. In fact, prairies evolved with the presence of fire.
The health of the ecosystem is dependent on this disturbance. Fires remove a
buildup of litter on the soil surface, allowing nutrients to be released into the
environment. It also creates favorable conditions for seed germination. Suppression
of fire allows litter to accumulate, setting the stage for catastrophic fires. Plants and
trees have adapted to the presence of fire. However, the higher temperatures of
crown fires can kill plants entirely. These fires are more difficult to control.
8
9. Suppression of fires is expensive, upward of $1 billion annually, according to the
U.S. Forest Service.
Drought:
Drought has had more widespread effects than any other natural disaster. Each
year, drought costs the United States more than $6 billion. It's safe to say that
droughts have greater impacts in modern times. More people are affected by loss
of land and food crops as well as environmental damage. The immediate effects
are overshadowed by secondary issues. Compacted, dry soils are vulnerable to
topsoil loss and erosion. Dry conditions make fires more common. Evidence
suggests global warming may be the cause for an increase in drought frequency
and changes in the global climate.
Weather Events:
Like drought, an increase in severe weather events has been recorded in the last
100 years by the National Climatic Data Center. While notification systems are in
place, vulnerabilities still exist for property damage and crop loss. Development
has also complicated the effects of such events. An increase in development leads
to a decrease in wetlands and an increase in impervious surfaces such as roads and
driveways. This creates a scenario for floods and flash flooding. As with drought,
scientists believe a link between global warming and climate changes exists.
Prevention/Solution:
Not all natural disasters can be prevented. Each natural disaster has its own factors
and complications. Understanding the basic principles of ecology can provide keys
to lessening their effects. Nature evolved with natural disasters and disturbance.
The best prevention is looking at the strategies found in nature.
What Is Natural Disaster Management?
Significance
Effective natural disaster management saves lives. Procedures set in place before a
catastrophe occurs ensure a speedier and more effective response. A preventative
measure, such as strengthening the infrastructure of buildings in earthquake
regions, minimizes the risk of injuries and helps people to resume normal life more
quickly.
Features
Governments and some large corporations in developed countries designate aid
money for natural disasters before they happen. They also liaise with the
governments of affected regions and aid workers on the ground when a disaster
occurs to determine the extent of medical aid and supplies needed. Aid workers are
trained to assess the scale of the disaster. Non-government overseas aid workers
may already be based in the region and have a good understanding of the local
9
10. culture, which can be invaluable in advising how to administer help effectively,
according to the Global Education website.
Considerations
Governments and aid organizations, such as the Red Cross, and representatives of
the affected region usually work together to save lives and restore order after a
disaster occurs. Natural disaster management continues long after the initial crisis
has passed. Funds, for example, may be allocated to rebuild homes destroyed by a
flood.
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