1) Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy from movement along geological faults in the earth's crust, generating seismic waves.
2) Larger earthquakes can trigger tsunamis if located offshore by displacing seabed, as well as landslides and volcanic eruptions.
3) Earthquake shaking causes loss of life and property destruction from building collapse and landslides burying infrastructure.
This presentation contains the brief introduction to earthquake,its effect,causes etc..
And case study of kuchha(bhuj),Gujarat Earthquake on 26th january,2001
This presentation contains the brief introduction to earthquake,its effect,causes etc..
And case study of kuchha(bhuj),Gujarat Earthquake on 26th january,2001
Tsunami is a Japanese word Tsu means ‘harbour’ and nami means ‘wave’.
They are called tidal waves but they have actually nothing to do with the tides. However their appearance from shore is similar to rapidly rising or falling tides.
Tsunami is a series of wave created when water is moved very quickly.
Tsunami is gravity wave system, triggered by vertical disturbances in ocean. They are long waves sometime with hundreds of miles b/w their crests, just like the concentric waves generated by an object dropped into a pool.
First tsunami was recorded in 1480 B.C. in eastern Mediterranean, when the Minoan civilization was wiped out.
A large tsunami accompanied by the earthquake of Lisbon in 1755.
The Kutch earthquake of June 16, 1819 generated strong tsunami which submerged the coastal areas and damage to ships and country made boats of fishermen.
North and South American records have dated such
events back to 1788 for Alaska and 1562 for Chile. Records of Hawaiian tsunami go back to 1821.
Tsunami hits the Mona Passage off Puerto Rico in 1918, grand banks of Canada in 1929.
Earthquakes are the shaking, rolling or sudden shock of the earth’s surface. They are the Earth's natural means of releasing stress. Earthquakes can be felt over large areas.
Earthquakes cannot be predicted, although scientists are working on it.
This presentation gives detailed information about earthquake , its types , waves , faults , especially in asian countries .A detailed case study of earthquake In NEPAL in 2015 is also covered in this with pictures . Also how it is measured and its warning system , vulnerability, deployment and future aspects has been covered .
HOPE YOU LIKE IT AND GET FULL INFORMATION!!!!!
WHAT IS AN EARTHQUAKE?
Where Do Earthquakes Happen?
Why Do Earthquakes Happen?
How Are Earthquakes Studied?
How To Locate The Earthquake's Epicenter?
SCALES FOR EARTHQUAKE MEASUREMENT
What Are Earthquake Hazards?
Tsunami is a Japanese word Tsu means ‘harbour’ and nami means ‘wave’.
They are called tidal waves but they have actually nothing to do with the tides. However their appearance from shore is similar to rapidly rising or falling tides.
Tsunami is a series of wave created when water is moved very quickly.
Tsunami is gravity wave system, triggered by vertical disturbances in ocean. They are long waves sometime with hundreds of miles b/w their crests, just like the concentric waves generated by an object dropped into a pool.
First tsunami was recorded in 1480 B.C. in eastern Mediterranean, when the Minoan civilization was wiped out.
A large tsunami accompanied by the earthquake of Lisbon in 1755.
The Kutch earthquake of June 16, 1819 generated strong tsunami which submerged the coastal areas and damage to ships and country made boats of fishermen.
North and South American records have dated such
events back to 1788 for Alaska and 1562 for Chile. Records of Hawaiian tsunami go back to 1821.
Tsunami hits the Mona Passage off Puerto Rico in 1918, grand banks of Canada in 1929.
Earthquakes are the shaking, rolling or sudden shock of the earth’s surface. They are the Earth's natural means of releasing stress. Earthquakes can be felt over large areas.
Earthquakes cannot be predicted, although scientists are working on it.
This presentation gives detailed information about earthquake , its types , waves , faults , especially in asian countries .A detailed case study of earthquake In NEPAL in 2015 is also covered in this with pictures . Also how it is measured and its warning system , vulnerability, deployment and future aspects has been covered .
HOPE YOU LIKE IT AND GET FULL INFORMATION!!!!!
WHAT IS AN EARTHQUAKE?
Where Do Earthquakes Happen?
Why Do Earthquakes Happen?
How Are Earthquakes Studied?
How To Locate The Earthquake's Epicenter?
SCALES FOR EARTHQUAKE MEASUREMENT
What Are Earthquake Hazards?
An earthquake is a violent and abrupt shaking of the ground, caused by movement between tectonic plates along a fault line in the earth's crust. Earthquakes can result in the ground shaking, soil liquefaction, landslides, fissures, avalanches, fires and tsunamis.
How do you describe an earthquake?
A large earthquake far away will feel like a gentle bump followed several seconds later by stronger rolling shaking that may feel like sharp shaking for a little while. A small earthquake nearby will feel like a small sharp jolt followed by a few stronger sharp shakes that pass quickly.
Civil Engineering
Earth Quake Data
Earth Layers
Plate Tectonics
Seismic Waves
Effects of Earthquake
Epicenter of Earthquake
Damages by Earthquake
This presentation focuses on What is an Earthquake,measurement of Earthquake,Terminologies in earthquakes,Seismic waves and its prediction & forecasting.
Earthquake
1.Interior of earth
2.Convection currents cause the movement of plates
3.Tectonic Plate
4.Why do earthquakes occur?
5.Where do earthquakes occur.
6.Definitions
7.Seismic waves: forms
8.Measuring earthquakes
9.Classification of earthquake
10.Locating the shaking
11.Earthquake risk and prediction
12.Short-term predictions
13.Impacts of Earthquake Prediction
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Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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2. Earthquake also known as quake , tremor or temblor is the
phenomenon where there is a sudden release of extreme
energy from the earth crust resulting in shaking and
displacement of the ground along with the creation of sesmic
waves.
If the Epicenter of a larger earthquake is situated in the
offsore (sea/ocean) seabed may be displaced sufficiently to
cause Tsunami.
It also triggers land slides
and occassionally volcanic
eruptions.
3. Earthquake shaking may cause loss of life and destruction
of property.
In a strong earthquake the ground shakes violently.
Buildings may fall
or sink into the soil.
Rocks and soil may
move downhill at a
rapid rate.
Such landslides can
bury houses and
people.
4. Earthquake = Vibration of the Earth produced by
the rapid release of energy
Seismic waves = Energy moving outward from the
focus of an earthquake
Focus= location of initial slip on the fault; where
the earthquake origins
Epicenter= spot on Earth’s
surface directly above the
focus
focusepicenter
7. A fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in
a volume of rock, across which there has
been significant displacement.
There are three main types of faults, namely
a) Normal Fault.
b)Thrust Fault.
c)Strike Slip Fault.
8. •A normal fault occurs
when the crust is
extended. The hanging
wall moves downward
relative to the footwall
9. •A thrust fault occurs
when the crust is
compressed. The
hanging wall moves
upward relative to the
footwall
10. The fault surface is usually
near vertical and motion
results from shearing forces
11.
12. Based on Magnitude:
MAGNITUDE CLASSIFICATION
M ≥ 8.0 Great Earthquake
7.0 ≥ M < 8.0 Major / Large Earthquake
5.0 ≥ M < 7.0 Moderate Earthquake
3.0 ≥ M < 5.0 Small Earthquake
1.0 ≥ M < 3.0 Microearthquake
M < 1.0 Ultra Microearthquake
19. 1. Magnitude: Richter Scale
a) Measures the energy released by fault movement.
b) Logarithmic-scale; quantitative measure.
20. 2) Intensity: Mercalli Scale:
What did you feel?
Assigns an intensity or rating to measure an
earthquake at a particular location (qualitative)
Measures the destructive effect
Intensity is a function of:
Energy released by fault
Geology of the location
Surface substrate: can magnify shock waves
22. Remote Seismograph Positioning.
Scientists consider seismic activity as it is
registered on a seismometer.
A volcano will usually register some small
earthquakes as the magma pushes its way up
through cracks and vents in rocks.
As a volcano gets closer to
erupting, the pressure
builds up in the earth
under the volcano and
the earthquake activity
becomes more and more
frequent
23. Analog Image:
This is an image of an analog recording of
an earthquake. The relatively flat lines are
periods of quiescence and the large and
squiggly line is an earthquake.
24. Digital Seismogram.
Below is a digital seismogram. The data is
stored electronically, easy to access and
manipulate, and much more accurate and
detailed than the analog recordings.
25. Tiltmeter:
Tilt meters attached to the sides of a
volcano detect small changes in the slope of
a volcano.
When a volcano is about to erupt, the earth
may bulge or swell up a bit.
Installing a
tiltmeter
26. Changes in Groundwater Levels.
Hydro geological responses to large distant
earthquakes have important scientific implications
with regard to our earth’s intricate plumbing
system.
Improves our insights into the
responsible mechanisms, and
may improve our frustratingly
imprecise ability to forecast
the timing, magnitude, and
impact of earthquakes.
27. Observations of Strange Behaviors in Animals.
The cause of unusual animal behavior seconds
before humans feel an earthquake can be easily
explain-ed.
Very few humans notice the smaller P wave that
travels the fastest from the earthquake source and
arrives before the larger S wave.
But many animals with more keen senses are able
to feel the P wave seconds before the S wave
arrives.
indeed it’s possible that some animals could sense
these signals and connect the perception with an
impending earthquake.
28. Primary Waves:
◦ called compressional, or push-pull waves.
◦ Propagate parralel to the direction in which the
wave is moving.
◦ Move through solids, liquids
29. Secondary Waves (S);
◦ Called shear waves.
◦ Propagate the movement perpendicular
to the direction in which the wave is
moving.
30. Surface Waves:
◦ Complex motion.
◦ Up-and-down and side-to-side.
◦ Slowest.
◦ Most damage to structures, buildings.