This document provides information about disaster management. It begins by defining a disaster and describing the origins of the term. It then outlines different types of natural and man-made disasters, including earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides, cyclones, floods, droughts, and more. The disaster management cycle of pre-disaster, during, and post-disaster phases is also explained. Specific examples of India's vulnerability to different types of disasters are given. The document concludes by discussing potential future disasters and emphasizing the importance of disaster preparedness.

1. DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
BY
S.K.AJEY SHABHUNAN
R.SRIHARI
R.SRI KRISHNA
VII STD
ALPHA SCHOOL,TRICHY

2. DISASTER
“RARELY ANNOUNCED - NEVER POSTPONED”.
“A serious disruption of the functioning of
society involving widespread human, material,
economic or environmental losses and impacts,
which exceeds the ability of the affected
society to cope using its own resources.”
The term disaster owes its origin to the French
word “Desastre” which is a combination of
two words ‘des’ meaning bad and ‘astre’
meaning star. Thus this term refers to ‘Bad or
Evil star’

3. TYPES OF DISASTER
NATURAL DISASTERS
 Earthquake
 Tsunami
 Landslide
 Cyclone
 Floods & Drought
 Urban flood
MAN MADE DISASTERS
 Nuclear Leaks
 Chemical Leaks/Spill over
 Terrorist Activities
 Structural Collapse

4. DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE
KEY PHASES
The total sum of
activities, programmes
and measures which
can be taken up before
(pre-disaster), during
and after a disaster
(post-disaster) with the
purpose to avoid a
disaster, reduce its
impact or recover from
its losses.
PRE
DISASTER
DURING
POST
DISASTER

5. DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE
PRE-DISASTER
Mitigation - Minimizing the effects of disaster.
Examples: building codes and zoning;
vulnerability analyses; public education.
Preparedness - Planning how to respond.
Examples: preparedness plans; emergency
exercises/training; warning systems.
DURING
Response - Efforts to minimize the hazards
created by a disaster.
Examples: search and rescue; emergency relief.
POST-DISASTER
Recovery - Returning the community to normal.
Examples: temporary housing; grants; medical
care

6. INDIA

7. INDIA’S VULNERABILITY TO DISASTERS
12% is vulnerable to severe earthquakes.
68% land is vulnerable to drought.
12% land is vulnerable to floods.
8% land is vulnerable to cyclones.

8. EARTHQUAKE
Earthquakes are caused
by the abrupt release of
strain that has built up in
the earth's crust. Most
zones of maximum
earthquake intensity and
frequency occur at the
boundaries between the
moving plates that form
the crust of the earth.

10. MITIGATION
SEISMIC ISOLATOR
Seismic isolation
bearings isolate a
structure from the
ground motion
produced by an
earthquake. The
energy absorption
devices are designed
to absorb the energy
associated with an
earthquake.

11. COST ANALYSIS
7 storey building, total floor area of
44,700m2
Fitted with 135 lead rubber bearings
and 132 slider bearings
Total construction cost $165 million
Cost of all components of the seismic
isolation system was around 3% of
total construction cost
Translates to approximately $110/m2
(Rs 7350/m2)
Approximately for our home 100 sqm x Rs 7350 =
7,35,000. out of total cost of construction = Rs
25,00,000/-
Wellington Regional
Hospital

12. 2.TSUNAMI
 Tsunami has been derived
from a Japanese term Tsu
meaning 'harbor' and nami
meaning 'waves'.
 A tsunami is a series of
waves generated in an
ocean or other body of
water by a disturbance such
as an earthquake, landslide,
volcanic eruption, or
meteorite impact. Tsunamis range in size from centimetres to
over 30 m height. Most tsunamis are less
than 3 m in height.

14. MITIGATION :
FLARED SEAWALLS
When waves come up
against conventional
upright seawalls, the
water is pushed up
vertically, making
overtopping waves. If
the seawall is flared
on the other hand, the
curved shape
redirects the waves
back toward the sea.On December 26, 2004, Indian Ocean earthquake tsunami crashed against
India's south-eastern coastline. However, the former French colonial enclave
of Pondicherry escaped unscathed due to a massive stone seawall

15. COST ANALYSIS
 The world's largest, sea wall erected a few years
ago in Kamaishi (japan)city's harbour at a depth of
63 m (207 ft.), a length of 2 km (1.2 mi) and a cost
of $1.5 billion
 Total length of coastal area effected tsunami are
360 km (TN) 640 km (AP).
 Construction cost of 50 % of very worst effected
length, height of wall 15 m are $ 90 billion
 Economic loss in 2004 INDIAN OCEAN
TSUNAMI in India $ 15 billion. And loss of life
12,405.

16. 3.LANDSLIDE,
 A landslide is defined as
the movement of a mass of
rock, debris, or earth down a
slope due to gravity.
 Main cause of landslides is
changes in the groundwater
table. Heavy rains, flash
floods, melting of snow in
warm weather, and the like
can cause changes in the
groundwater table, thus
inducing landslides.

18. MITIGATION :
WIRE MESH NETTING SYSTEM
 The wire mesh
system has been
applied in the
geotechnical field
across the world to
minimize the geological
effects of rock
movement due to both
man-made and natural
phenomenon.

19. COST ANALYSIS
 COST OF MESH
12.6 % of land area covered by
mountain region in India.so,
3,287,263 square kilometres X
12.6% X 30% Area of land slides X
$5= Rs 4,100 crores.
 LOSS OF ECONOMIC
Economic losses and casualties
due to landslides are greater than
commonly recognized. Annual losses
in the United States, Japan, Italy,
and India have been estimated at Rs
6,691 crores.

20. 4.CYCLONE
The word cyclone has been derived
from Greek word 'cyclos' which
means 'coiling of snake‘
A cyclone is formed when a system
of winds moving in circular motion
closes in toward an area of the sea
with low atmospheric pressure.

22. MITIGATION :
MONOLITHITIC DOME HOUSE
 The physical geometry of a
building affects its
aerodynamic properties and
how well it can withstand a
storm. The strength is due to
the natural strength of
the arch, and the insulation is
due to the minimal surface
area of a spherical section.
It cannot be destroyed by super typhoons,
earthquakes, or fires,” said Michael Scott,
Philippine Country Manager of Monolithic home
builders based in Texas, United States.

23. COST ANALYSIS
 1,000-square-foot dome-
home will cost about Rs
46,66,606/-) compare to
conversational home
construction cost will be
Rs 20,00,000/-) If the cost
of a home is divided by its
years of useful life,
nothing can compare to a
Monolithic Dome.

24. 5.FLOOD AND DROUGHT
Flood:
An overflow of a large
amount of water beyond
its normal limits,
especially over what is
normally dry land.
Drought:
A prolonged period of
abnormally low rainfall,
leading to a shortage of
water.

26. MITIGATION :
LINKING RIVER
Inter Linking of Rivers
(ILR) should be
implemented so that
the flood damage and
drought is eradicated
and the lives of
Indian farmers are
improved.

27. DETAILS OF PROJECT
SL.
NO
NAME OF WATER
WAY
LOCATION LENGTH IN
KM
WIDTH
IN M
DEPTH
IN M
1 The Himalayan
balancing
Waterways
Wide canal travelling form
West to East at the foot of
Himalayan mountain
4500 Km 150 m 10m
2 The Central
balancing
Waterways
Starts in Uttar Pradesh on
the Northern side of
Vindhya Range and
traverses on both sides of
the range East and west.
5750 km 200 m 30 m
3 The Southern
balancing
Waterways
Starts form Maharashtra
runs down in Andhra and
Tamilnadu up to
Kanyakumar
4625 km 100 m 10 m

28. ADDITIONAL BENEFIT
Drinking Water :
700 million people will get uninterrupted drinking water supply.
Transport:
We will get a very economical Inland waterway Transport (IWT)
system. This will greatly reduce the fuel consumption and pollution
Agriculture:
The projects will minimize the flood and drought to a very great extent.
We will be able to bring in over 150 Million Acres under additional
irrigation.
Power:
We will be able to generate huge amount of hydroelectric power in the
order of about 60000 MW, which can be utilized for the development of
Industry for transport, for agriculture and domestic purposes and for
many other purposes. Income from power generation will be Rs.
60,000 Crores

29. COST ANALYSIS
 Floods in 4 states lead to
economic loss of Rs
19,000 crore in past one
year
 The cost of the project is
estimated to be around Rs.
5.35 (in 2003) lakh Crores.
The project will take 7
years for completion.
 Income per year will be
Rs. 1,04,000 Crores from
Freight Revenue, from
irrigation, Power and
Water for drinking and
industrial use.

30. 6.URBAN FLOOD
Urban flooding. Urban
flooding is the inundation
of land or property in a
built environment,
particularly in more
densely populated areas,
caused by rainfall
overwhelming the capacity
of drainage systems, such
as storm sewers.
Chennai flood 2015 is only the latest example of
urban flooding.

31. MITIGATION :
FLOOD DEFENCE FOR INDIVIDUAL URBAN HOME
 A waterproofing
membrane cover up to
ground floor can help
prevent water from entering
a house.
 It is One of the cheapest
way .
 It will safeguard household
appliance like TV, fridge etc

32. COST ANALYSIS
Rs 25/- per sq ft for a
130 ft x 15 ft = 1950
sq ft x Rs 25 = Rs
48,750 per home.
The floods in
Chennai 2015
caused an economic
loss of $2.2 billion.

33. FOR INFORMATION
DISASTERS
 DIAL TOLL FREE No. 1070
 Log on to
http://www.ndmindia.nic.in
ANDRIOD APP
WARNING DISASTER

34. FUN FACT

36. FUTURE DISASTER
 Major Solar Storm
a variety of eruptions of
mass and energy from
the solar surface.
 ASTEROID STRIKES
99942 Apophis (a asteroid-
rocky body )would
hit Earth on April 13, 2029.
 III WORLD WAR
It may caused for water. And
It leads nuclear war

37. CONCLUSION
 Natural disasters, however powerful and sudden
they may be, are not incapable of being guarded
against.
 The modern technology has given enough gadgets to
people for forecasting, and lessening if not totally
preventing heavy damages inflicted upon by the
natural disasters.
 Only requirement is that people must take interest
in getting as much awareness as possible about the
safeguard measures and mitigation.
 Human lives are the most important thing.

38. THANK YOU FOR WATCHING AND CELEBRATE
UPCOMING FESTIVALS WITHOUT FIRE
ACCIDENT
Do's : -
 While lighting the crackers, stand at an arm's length, away from the Cracker.
 Keep buckets of water and blankets ready, in case a fire breaks out.
 Wear thick cotton clothes while bursting crackers, so as to ensure maximum safety from fire.
 Wear footwear while lighting Diwali fireworks.
 Light only one firework at a time and one person should do it. Others should watch from a
safe distance.
Don'ts : -
 Don't burn crackers in crowded, congested places, narrow lanes, near sources of fire or inside
the house.
 Don't dare to examine un-burst crackers.. leave it!! Light a new cracker.
 Avoid long loose clothes, as they are fast in catching fire.
 Never ignite aerial fireworks (like rockets) if there is any overhead obstruction present like
trees and wires.
 Avoid bursting crackers on the roads-it could cause a major road accident.