The document discusses microscopes and their uses in biology. It defines different types of microscopes, including electron microscopes and optical light microscopes. It also covers microscopic units of measurement from meters down to nanometers. The document provides examples of images from light microscopes and electron microscopes, asking students to identify which type of microscope was used. It demonstrates how to calculate magnification and use scale bars to determine actual sizes of microscopic images.

1. Regents Biology
Microscopes!

2. Regents Biology
Mutual dependence: Science & Technology
 Technology…the pragmatist
 Does it work?
 Is it useful?
 Is it sustainable?
 Science…the idealist
 What is it?
 How does it work?
 What does it tell us?

3. Regents Biology
Mutual dependence: Science & Technology
 Microscopes
 Electron microscopes
 Optical (light) microscopes

4. Regents Biology
Size matters
 micron = micrometer = 1/1,000,000 meter
 diameter of human hair = ~20 microns
Miss N, Show them
the interactive!!

5. Regents Biology
Microscopic units of measurement

6. Regents Biology
1 metre (m) = ________ millimetres (mm)
1 mm = ________ microns (µm)
1 µm = ________ nanometres (nm)
1 mm = ________ nm
1 m = ________ µm
1 m =________ nm

7. Regents Biology
1 m = 1,000 mm = 103mm
1 mm = 1,000 µm= 103µm
1 µm = 1,000 nm= 103nm
1 mm = 1,000,000 nm = 106nm
1 m = 1,000,000 µm = 106µm
1 m = 1,000,000,000nm =109 nm

8. Regents Biology
10-3 m = ________
10-6 m = ________
10-9 m = ________

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10-3 m = 0.001m = 1 mm
10-6 m = 0.000001 = 1 µm
10-9 m = 0.000000001= 1nm

10. Regents Biology
Electron microscope range:
_____ to _____
Light microscope range:
_____ to _____
Unaided human eye range:
_____ to _____Unaided?

11. Regents Biology
Electron microscope range:
1 nm to 100 µm
Light microscope range:
1 µm to 1 mm
Unaided human eye range:
1 mm upwards

12. Regents Biology
Name that image
Light microscope
or
Electron microscope?

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14. Regents Biology19 Light microscope
Unstained

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16. Regents Biology20 Light microscope

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19. Regents Biology22 Light microscope

20. Regents Biology23
Tick

21. Regents Biology23 Electron microscope
Tick

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23. Regents Biology24 Electron microscope

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25. Regents Biology25 Light microscope

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27. Regents Biology26 Electron microscope

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Aphid

29. Regents Biology27 Electron microscope
Aphid

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31. Regents Biology28 Light microscope

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33. Regents Biology29 Light microscope

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35. Regents Biology30 Electron microscope

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37. Regents Biology31 Electron microscope

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39. Regents Biology32 Electron microscope

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41. Regents Biology33 Electron microscope

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43. Regents Biology35 Light microscope

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45. Regents Biology36 Light microscope

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47. Regents Biology37 Light microscope

48. Regents Biology
THE END!

49. Regents Biology
Magnification
Magnification = ocular lens x objective lens
A microscope has an eyepiece lens with a power
of 20X. The objective lens being used has a
power of 10X. What is the total magnification?

50. Regents Biology
Using Scale Bars
Using a scale bar:
The image at right is of a virus-like
particle. The bar represents 50nm.
Calculate the actual size of the
image.
50nm

51. Regents Biology
1. Measure the scale bar
50nm=1cm
2. Measure the image
Let’s say it was 2cm.
Actual size: Image size = constant
50:1 = X:2
X=2*50
=100nm
Using a scale bar:
50nm
Using Scale Bars

52. Regents Biology
The image at right is of a virus-
like particle. The bar represents
50nm.
Calculate the magnification.
50nm

53. Regents Biology
Magnification: I AM
Watch yo units!!
Image size
Actual size Magnification
Measure with ruler Need to figure this out

54. Regents Biology
1. Measure the size of the image.
…..2cm (20mm)
2. Find the actual size of the sample
…..100nm Or 1.0 x 102
3. Convert measured size into unit on scale bar.
(in this case, nm)
mm µm 1mm = 1000 µm
20 x 1000µm =20,000 µm
µm  nm 1 µm = 1000 nm
20,000 x 1000nm = 20,000,000nm OR 2.0 x 107nm

55. Regents Biology
Magnification: I AM
Watch yo units!!
Image size
Actual size Magnification
2.0 x 107
Need to figure this out
1.0 x 102

56. Regents Biology
(2.0x107) / (1.0x102)
=2.0 x 10(7-2)
=2.0 x 105
x200,000 whoa
50nm

57. Regents Biology
Magnification: I AM
Watch yo units!!
Image size
Actual size Magnification
2.0 x 107nm
X 2.0 x 105
1.0 x 102nm

58. Regents Biology
Using Microscopes