This document discusses grid references and how they are used to locate features on maps. It explains that topographic maps use a grid system of eastings and northings to specify locations, and that area references use a four-digit code to indicate a specific grid square. It also introduces six-figure grid references which can pinpoint an exact location within a grid square down to the tenth of the easting and northing. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to read and use both area references and more precise grid references.

1. Grid & Area References It can be difficult to find places or features easily on a map. So far we have learnt that to find places on a street directory we use an alpha-numeric grid (e.g. B7) We also know that to find places on a larger scale, such as a world map we use Latitude & Longitude coordinates to help us find what we are looking for.

2. Topographic maps are large scale and we use these for Area and Grid references

3. So how do we locate features on a Topographic map? http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/north_west/7824895.stm This BBC link details the importance of Grid References for emergency services to reach rural areas. We can locate places easily on a topographic map by using the maps gridlines. On a topographic map the vertical ( ) lines are called eastings because they increase in value as we move eastward. The horizontal ( ) lines are called northings because they increase in value as we move northwards.

4. Eastings Northings N 18 17 16 15 22 23 24 25 26 27

5. Area Reference Features such as a small lake, quarry or village are usually located by means of an Area Reference (AR) To find the (AR) of a feature we use the coordinate in the lower left-hand corner of the grid square in which the feature is located. You always read the easting first then the northing. (hint to remember E comes before N in the alphabet) An area reference always has 4 figures Into the house and up the stairs ” may help you remember!! EXAMPLE: AR3363 easting northing

6. Eastings Northings N 18 17 16 15 22 23 24 25 26 27 The Area Reference of the house is: AR2317 Remember with (AR) you use the bottom left hand corner What is the (AR) for: The plane: AR2215 The boy: AR2316

7. Area references 21 22 23 24 25 26 39 38 35 36 37 A Time now for a little test. FOUR squares are going to be highlighted and you have TEN seconds to write down the area reference for each square. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 A CLICK to start..... CLICK for the next square

8. Area references 21 22 23 24 25 26 39 38 35 36 37 A 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 B CLICK for the next square B

9. Area references 21 22 23 24 25 26 39 38 35 36 37 A 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 C CLICK for the next square C B

10. Area references 21 22 23 24 25 26 39 38 35 36 37 A 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 D CLICK for the next square C B D

11. Area references 21 22 23 24 25 26 39 38 35 36 37 A CLICK TO CHECK EACH ANSWER C B D A = 2238 B = 2536 C = 2235 D = 2337 How did you get on?

12. Grid References We can locate relatively small and more specific features on map by using Grid Reference (GR) . (GR) locates the exact point on the grid. Unlike (AR), Grid Reference uses 6 figures. - The first two numbers of each coordinate refers to the eastings and northings that surround the map. - The third number needed to complete each coordinate is obtained by dividing each easting and northing into tenths. Example: GR335638 easting northing Dividing the easting and northing into tenths

14. Eastings Northing N 18 17 16 15 22 23 24 25 26 27 What is the grid reference (GR) for the ball in which the boy is about to catch? Answer: GR238169

15. 6-figure grid references Come up to the Interactive White Board

16. Compass Directions J N E S W NW NE SE SW What direction are you walking ? 21 22 23 24 66 67 68 F A B G C H E I D D F H I J G A C E B A

17. Interactives http://mapzone.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/mapzone/PagesHomeworkHelp/maptivity/gridreferences/ http://geographyfieldwork.com/TestGridIntro.htm

18. CLASS EXERCISE Give the (AR) for the following features: Church; Village Hall; Grove farm; The dairy farm; The town of Little Plumpton; The entire (AR)’s for Gibbet Wood; The (AR)’s that Dale Road passes through; The approximate (GR) of Grove farm.

19. Interactives http://www.mape.org.uk/startower/maps/resources/map1.htm http://www.mape.org.uk/startower/maps/resources/map1b.htm