Soil nailing is a technique used to reinforce and strengthen existing ground.Soil nailing consists of installing closely spaced bars into a slope or excavation as construction proceeds from top down.It is an effective and economical method of constructing retaining wall for excavation support, support of hill cuts, bridge abutments and high ways.This process is effective in cohesive soil, broken rock, shale or fixed face conditions.
This presentation is useful for GTU students in Building Construction subject in Subsurface investigation the popular topic in syllabus, this includes more images which will help to students & researchers for same.
This presentation is useful for GTU students in Building Construction subject in Subsurface investigation the popular topic in syllabus, this includes more images which will help to students & researchers for same.
Bearing capacity of shallow foundations by abhishek sharma ABHISHEK SHARMA
elements you should know about bearing capacity of shallow foundations are included in it. various indian standards are also used. Bearing capacity theories by various researchers are also included. numericals from GATE CE and ESE CE are also included.
Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM) is a binder course used for roads with more number of heavy commercial vehicles and a close-graded premix material having a voids content of 5-10 per cent.
Bearing capacity of shallow foundations by abhishek sharma ABHISHEK SHARMA
elements you should know about bearing capacity of shallow foundations are included in it. various indian standards are also used. Bearing capacity theories by various researchers are also included. numericals from GATE CE and ESE CE are also included.
Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM) is a binder course used for roads with more number of heavy commercial vehicles and a close-graded premix material having a voids content of 5-10 per cent.
Techniques for various structural repairUdayram Patil
Structural damage is crucial to safety. Proper remedial measures should always taken to avoid measure loss. This presentation provided various measure to repair structural damage.
EXCAVATION FOR FOUNDATION - Methods & Temporary Earth Retaining StructuresShivananda Roy
Generally excavation means to loosen and take out materials leaving space above or below ground. Sometimes in civil engineering term earthwork is used which include back-filling with new or original materials to voids, spreading and leveling over an area.
Artificial Intelligence (A.I.) in Schools (PPT)Seminar Links
AI tools can be helpful. It is important to approach AI in education with caution and proper consideration of the potential benefits and challenges. In this PowerPoint presentation, we have discussed the pros and cons of using AI in schools and how it affects students as well as teachers.
To Download this PPT Visit www.topicsforseminar.com
Sustainable Materials Management (SMM), a term chosen by the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) for a holistic approach aimed at minimizing environmental impact, conserving resources, and promoting sustainable practices throughout a material's life cycle. It revolves around the efficient use of resources, waste reduction, recycling, and fostering a circular economy.
Visit www.topicsforseminar.com to access our SMM PPT and learn more about this powerful initiative
This PowerPoint presentation explains why to be good in academics is not the only indicator of future success. Excellent grades are important and can benefit a person's career but there are other factors also such as skills, experiences, etc. that play critical roles. The pursuit of academic excellence should ideally be balanced with other aspects of life, including personal interests, extracurricular activities, and well-being.
Visit www.topicsforseminar.com to Download the PPT
This PPT discusses the potential of AI to create new opportunities for Youth and transform various industries. It also focuses on the key skills needed in the AI-driven job market and the ethical challenges that could shape the employment landscape for the young generation.
To download the PPT Visit: https://www.topicsforseminar.com/
Environmental Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic: PPTSeminar Links
The presentation highlighted the major impacts on the environment and the climate caused by the ongoing COVID‑19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic in India and the world. The effects on air quality, water quality, energy sector, wildlife, and increasing waste issue are covered in this PPT. At last, the challenges and the need for action are also discussed.
Download Link: https://www.topicsforseminar.com/2020/07/covid19-environment-impact.html
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A list of Top 20 technical seminar topics for computer science engineering (CSE) you should choose for seminars and presentations in 2019. The list also contains related seminar topics on the emerging technologies in computer science, IT, Networking, software branch. To download PDF, PPT Seminar Reports check the links.
This Claytronics PPT presentation focuses on the concept of Programmable Matter. The claytronic atoms or catoms are capable to interact with each other and form 3D display of electronic information which further users can interact with. PPT gives a brief introduction to Claytronics and its future aspects. Visit www.topicsforseminar.com to Download the PPT.
3D holographic projection technology clearly has a big future ahead. 3D Holographic projection is the new wave of technology that will change how we see things in the modern era. Three-dimensional holographic projection technology will have tremendous effects on all fields of life including business, education, science, art, and healthcare.
This is a brief introduction to MicroLED also known as micro-LED, mLED or µLED, which is a latest self-emitting display technology that shares many traits with OLED. MicroLED has the potential to take on and outperform OLED, but it won’t completely displace OLED and LCD. Here we discuss the basic structure, differences with OLED and LCD. What are the major challenges? Advantages and Disadvantages, Application and the Future of MicroLED.
Performance of 400 kV line insulators under pollution | PDF | DOC | PPTSeminar Links
Visit https://seminarlinks.blogspot.com to download.
Outdoor insulators are subjected to nature Polluted environmental contaminants, which may include sea salt, cement dust, fly ash, birds droppings, industrial emissions etc. deposit on their surface With the increasing industrialization not only the degree of pollution but also the type of pollution has an effect on the performance of the insulators.
Visit www.seminarlinks.blogspot.com to Download.
The intersection of railway track and the road at the same level is referred to as a level crossing. In the urban areas the level crossing is generally monitored by qualified railway personnel who monitor the train movement and close the level crossing gate to stop the interfering road traffic but such closing of gates leads to congestion in road traffic and also causes loss of time to road users. Road under bridge and road over the bridge are considered as solutions for avoiding level crossings of roads and railway track.
Visit www.seminarlinks.blogspot.com to Download
The Atmospheric Vortex Engine (AVE) is a process for capturing the energy produced when heat is carried upward by convection in the atmosphere. The process is protected by patent applications and could become a major source of electrical energy. The unit cost of electrical energy produced with an AVE could be half the cost of the next most economical alternative.
Artificial photosynthesis is a chemical process that replicates the natural process of photosynthesis, a process that converts sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and oxygen; as an imitation of a natural process, it is biomimetic. The term, artificial photosynthesis, is commonly used to refer to any scheme for capturing and storing the energy from sunlight in the chemical bonds of a fuel (a solar fuel). Photocatalytic water splitting converts water into hydrogen ions and oxygen and is a major research topic in artificial photosynthesis. Light-driven carbon dioxide reduction is another process studied, that replicates natural carbon fixation.
This Artificial Photosynthesis ppt covers all the processes involved in Artificial Photosynthesis, current researchers on Artificial Photosynthesis, key issues, challenges in artificial photosynthesis
A ransomware cyber-attack that may have originated from the theft of “cyber weapons” linked to the US government has hobbled hospitals in England and spread to countries across the world. "Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts a user’s data, then demands payment in exchange for unlocking the data. This attack was caused by a bug called “WanaCrypt0r 2.0” or WannaCry, that exploits a vulnerability in Windows. Microsoft released a patch (a software update that fixes the problem) for the flaw in March, but computers that have not installed the security update remain vulnerable."
A dam is a hydraulic structure of fairly impervious material built across a river to create a reservoir on its upstream side for impounding water for various purposes. A detailed ppt on dams,its types,pros and cons.
Bioenergy draws on a wide range of potential feedstock materials: forestry and agricultural residues and wastes of many sorts, as well as material grown specifically for energy purposes. The raw materials can be converted to heat for use in buildings and industry, to electricity, or into gaseous or liquid fuels, which can be used in transport, for example. This degree of flexibility is unique amongst the different forms of renewable energy.
Visit www.seminarlinks.blogspot.com to download
An alloy is a mixture of metals, or a mixture of metal and another element. White metal alloys are those which are light-coloured and generally have a lead or tin base. These alloys are also known as Babbitt metal, or bearing metal, a term which is generally preferred over ‘white metals’. Babbitt metal can be one of several alloys used as a bearing surface in a plain bearing.
Ceramic bearings are typically constructed with a ferrous inner and outer ring or race with ceramic balls in the place of steel. Ceramic bearings offer many advantages over all steel bearings, such as higher speed and acceleration capability, increased stiffness, lower friction and more. Ceramic balls are also nonconductive. Ceramic bearings are available in all standard industry configurations such as, angular bearings, thrust bearing, pillow block bearing, needle bearings, and roller bearings.
Carbon foams will help to enhance capabilities and improve affordability, supporting today’s warfighter. Applications for coal-based carbon foams continue to be developed as the material is accepted as a mainstream structural building block for tomorrow’s technology. Current application examples include targeted advances in composite tooling, vehicle blast mitigation, radar absorption, and ablation panels.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
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As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
NEWNTIDE, a leading brand in China's air energy industry, drives industry development with technological innovation, implementing national energy-saving and emission reduction policies. It pioneers an industry-focused multi-energy product line, adopting experiential marketing to meet diverse customer needs. The company has departments for R&D, marketing, operations, and sales, aiming to ultimately achieve "technological innovation, environmental friendliness, standardized management, and high-quality" as a high-tech enterprise integrating business and technical R&D, production, sales, and service.
NEWNTIDE boasts the most comprehensive support service network in the industry. Its earliest products cover 25 series, including split, integrated, wall-mounted, cabinet, and upright types, with over 100 diverse products. Commercial products include floor heating, air heaters, air conditioners for heating and cooling, oxidation and nitrogen air conditioners, and high-temperature heating. The products feature comprehensive intelligent technology management, cloud control technology, rapid heating technology, basic protection technology, remote control technology, DC inverter technology, and remote WIFI smart control, achieving a leading position in the industry with SMART interactive technology.
For over a decade, the company has adhered to a "people-oriented" business philosophy, strictly implementing industry 7S management, ISO9001/ISO14001 quality and environmental systems, and industry standards to ensure stable product quality and meet customers' dual requirements for product safety and environmental protection.
Leading the development of intelligence with technological innovation, NEWNTIDE has become a national demonstration base for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, awarded the "China Energy Saving Technology Contribution Award" and "China Energy Science and Technology Progress Award". The company adopts a strategy of high standards, high quality, and high-tech for key products, holding core technologies and competitive advantages. It also organizes multiple strategic support projects known as the "18 Key Operational Projects" and "18 Key Operational Strategies," driving technology project approvals with multidimensional strategic product quality modules and comprehensive practical operations to enhance the quality of all products.
Since its establishment, NEWNTIDE has always committed to providing high-quality and high-end intelligent heat pump products, serving billions of global families with the goal of creating a sustainable and prosperous environment. The development of NEWNTIDE has been supported by various levels of government and widely recognized and cooperated with by internationally renowned institutions, taking on a social responsibility of providing tranquility and happiness while enjoying the environment.
Let safe heat pumps be a necessity for a beautiful human life.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
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With each of the past 3 Ruby releases, YJIT has delivered higher and higher performance. However, we are seeing diminishing returns, because as JIT-compiled code becomes faster, it makes up less and less of the total execution time, which is now becoming dominated by C function calls. As such, it may appear like there is a fundamental limit to Ruby’s performance.
In the first half of the 20th century, some early airplane designers thought that the speed of sound was a fundamental limit on the speed reachable by airplanes, thus coining the term “sound barrier”. This limit was eventually overcome, as it became understood that airflow behaves differently at supersonic speeds.
In order to break the Ruby performance barrier, it will be necessary to reduce the dependency on C extensions, and start writing more gems in pure Ruby code. In this talk, I want to look at this problem more in depth, and explore how YJIT can help enable writing pure-Ruby software that delivers high performance levels.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
2. INTRODUCTION
• Soil nailing is a technique used to reinforce and strengthen existing ground.
• Soil nailing consists of installing closely spaced bars into a slope or
excavation as construction proceeds from top down.
• It is an effective and economical method of constructing retaining wall for
excavation support, support of hill cuts, bridge abutments and high ways.
• This process is effective in cohesive soil, broken rock, shale or fixed face
conditions.
3. Origins
• Soil nailing evolved from the New Austrian Tunneling method which is
a system for underground excavations in rock.
• This concept of combining passive steel reinforcement and shotcrete
has also been applied to the stabilization of rock slopes since the
early 1960s.
• The first application of soil nailing was implemented in 1972 for a
railroad widening project near Versailles, France.
• The technique included installing high-density, grouted soil nails into
a 60-ft.-high wall and facing it with reinforced concrete.
• The United States first used soil nailing in 1976 for the support of a
13.7 m deep foundation excavation in dense silty sands.
4. Applications
• Stabilization of railroad and highway cut slopes
• Excavation retaining structures in urban areas for high-rise building and underground facilities
• Tunnel portals in steep and unstable stratified slopes
• construction and retrofitting of bridge abutments with complex boundaries involving wall support under
piled foundations
• Stabilizing steep cuttings to maximize development space.
• The stabilizing of existing over-steep embankments.
• Soil Nailing through existing concrete or masonry structures such as failing retaining walls and bridge
abutments to provide long term stability without demolition and rebuild costs.
• Temporary support can be provided to excavations without the need for bulky and intrusive scaffold type
temporary works solutions.
5. Nails
• Driven Nails
• Grouted Nails
• Corrosion Protected Nails
• Jet grouted Nails
• Launched Nails
6. Driven Nails
• Generally small-diameter nails (15-46 mm) with a relatively limited
length (to about 20 m) made of mild steel (about 50 ksi) that are
closely spaced in the wall (two to four nails per square meter).
• Nails with an axial channel can be used to permit the addition of
grout sealing.
• Driven nails are the quickest (four to six per hour) and most
economical to install (with a pneumatic or hydraulic hammer).
7. Grouted Nails
• Steel bars, with diameters ranging from 15 to 46 mm, stronger than driven
nails (about 60 ksi).
• Grouted nails are inserted into boreholes of 10-15 cm and then cementgrouted.
• Ribbed bars are also used to increase soil adhesion.
• Corrosion-protected nails
• For aggressive soils as well as for permanent structures.
8. Jet-grouted Nails
• A composite of grouted soil and a central steel rod, up to 40 cm thick.
• Nails are installed using a high-frequency vibro percussion
hammer, and cement grouting is injected during installation.
• This method has been shown to increase the pullout resistance of the
composite, and the nails are corrosion-resistant.
9. Launched Nails
• Nails between 25 and 38 mm in diameter and up to 6 m or longer are
fired directly into the soil with a compressed-air launcher.
• Used primarily for slope stabilization.
• This technique involves the least site disturbance.
12. Design
• After a preliminary analysis of the site, initial designs of the soil nail
wall can be begin.
• This begins with a selection of limit states and design approaches.
• The two most common limit states used in soil nail wall design is
strength limit and service limit states.
13. Limit States
• The strength limit state is the limit state that addresses potential
failure mechanisms or collapse states of the soil nail wall system.
• The service limit state is the limit state that addresses loss of service
function resulting from excessive wall deformation and is defined by
restrictions in stress, deformation and facing crack width under
regular service conditions.
14. Design Approaches
• The two most common design approaches for soil nail walls are
limit state design and service load design.
• Initial design considerations include wall layout (wall height and length),
soil nail vertical and horizontal spacing, soil nail pattern on wall face, soil
nail inclination, soil nail length and distribution, soil nail material and
relevant ground properties.
• The next step is to use simplified charts to preliminarily evaluate nail
length and maximum nail force.
• Nail length, diameter and spacing typically control external and internal
stability of the wall.
15. Cont..
• These parameters can be adjusted during design until all external and
internal stability requirements are met.
• After the initial design is completed, final design progresses where
the soil nail wall has to be tested for external and internal failure
modes, seismic considerations and aesthetic qualities.
• Drainage, frost penetration and external loads such as wind and
hydrostatic forces also have to be determined and included in the
final examination of the design.
16. Machineries Used For Soil Nailing
• Drilling Equipments
• Grout Mixing Equipments
• Shotcreting / Guniting Equipments
• Compressor
17. Drilling Equipment
• Rotary air-flushed and water-flushed
• Down-the-hole hammer
• Tri-cone bit
• It is important to procure drilling equipment with sufficient power
and rigid drill rods.
18. Grout Mixing Equipment
• In order to produce uniform grout mix, high speed shear colloidal
mixer should be considered.
• Powerful grout pump is essential for uninterrupted delivery of grout
mix.
• If fine aggregate is used as filler for economy, special grout pump shall
be used.
19. Shotcreting/Guniting Equipment
• Dry mix method will require a valve at the nozzle outlet to control the
amount of water injecting into the high pressurized flow of
sand/cement mix.
• For controlling the thickness of the shotcrete, measuring pin shall be
installed at fixed vertical and horizontal intervals to guide the nozzle
man.
20. Compressor
• The compressor shall have minimum capacity to delivered shotcrete
at the minimum rate of 9m3/min.
• Sometimes, the noise of compressor can be an issue if the work is at
close proximity to residential area, hospital and school.
21. Materials Used For Soil Nailing
• Steel Reinforcements
• Grout Mix
• Shotcrete/Gunite
22. Steel Reinforcements
• For corrosion protection, all steel component shall be galvanized.
• If machine threading after galvanization is unavoidable, then proper
zinc based coating shall be applied onto the thread.
• For double corrosion protection, the PVC corrugated pipe used shall
be of good quality and adequate thickness.
• Preferably galvanized corrugated steel pipe shall be used.
23. Grout Mix
• For conventional soil nail, the water cement ratio of the grout mix
ranges from 0.4 to 0.5.
• As most cementitious grout will experience some grout
shrinkage, non-shrink additive can be used to reduce breeding and
grout shrinkage.
• The resistance at grout-soil interface of nail will significantly reduced
when the grout shrink.
24. Shotcrete/Gunite
Shotcrete or gunite can be continuous flow of mortal or concrete mixes
projected at high speed perpendicularly onto the exposed ground
surface by means of pneumatic air blowing for dry mix or spraying for
wet mix.
26. Initial Excavation
• This initial excavation will be carried out by trimming the original ground
profile to the working platform level where the first row of soil nails can be
practically installed.
• The pre-requisite of this temporary excavation shall be in such a way that
the trimmed surface must be able to self support till completion of nail
installation.
• Sometimes, sectional excavation can be carried out for soil with short self
support time.
• If shotcrete/gunite is designed as facing element, the condition of the
trimmed surface shall be of the satisfactory quality to receive the
shotcrete.
27. Drilling of Holes
• Drilling can be done by either air- flushed percussion drilling, auguring or
rotary wash boring drilling depending on ground condition.
• The size of drilled hole shall be as per the designed dimension.
Typically, the hole size can range from 100mm to 150mm.
• In order to contain the grout, the typical inclination of the drill hole is
normally tilted at 15º downward from horizontal.
• Flushing with air or water before nail insertion is necessary in order to
remove any possible collapsed materials, which can potentially reduce the
grout- ground interface resistance.
28. Insertion of Nail Reinforcement And
Grouting
• The nail shall be prepared with adequate centralizers at appropriate spacing and
for proper grout cover for first defense of corrosion protection.
• In additional to this, galvanization and pre- grouted nail encapsulated with
corrugated pipe can be considered for durability.
• A grouting pipe is normally attached with the nail reinforcement during inserting
the nail into the drilled hole.
• The grouting is from bottom up until fresh grout return is observed from the hole.
• The normal range of water/cement ratio of the typical grout mix is from 0.45 to
0.5.
29. Advantages
• With the right soil and site conditions, a rapid and economical means of
constructing earth retention support systems and retaining walls.
• Creates less noise and traffic obstructions.
• Less impact on nearby properties
• Allow in-situ strengthening on existing slope surface with minimum
excavation and backfilling, particularly very suitable for uphill widening,
thus environmental friendly.
• Allow excellent working space in front of the excavation face,
• Can be used for strengthening of either natural slope, natural or manmade cut slopes,
• Grouting only once is required, saving time and labor.
• The technique is flexible, easily modified.
30. Disadvantages
• Nail encroachment to retained ground rendering unusable underground space,
• Generally larger lateral soil strain during removal of lateral support and ground
surface cracking may appear,
• Tendency of high ground loss due to drilling technique, particularly at course
grained soil,
• Less suitable for course grained soil and soft clayey soil, which have short self
support time, and soils prone to creeping,
• Suitable only for excavation above groundwater
31. Conclusion
Soil nailing is an accepted technology, the theoretical aspects of which
are well understood and well reported in technical literature.
However, research indicates that there are few practical guidelines
available that offer a comprehensive, experience-based insight into the
construction considerations that should be addressed before a soil nail
system design is finalized and implemented.