Frontiers in Education 2015

1. CHiLO: Using an e-textbook to
create
an ad-hoc m- learning
environmentMasumi Hori(CCC-TIES), Seishi Ono(CCC-TIES),
Shinzo Kobayashi(Smile NC),
Kazutsuna Yamaji(NII),
Toshihiro Kita(Kumamoto University),
and Tsuneo Yamada (OUJ)
Frontiers in Education 2015

2. Outline
• Challenges in Large Scale Online Course
– The geographical digital divide
– General disadvantage of mobile device
– Potentials of e-book and ad-hoc network
• Proposed system: CHiLO
• CHiLO pilot study
• Conclusion and future work
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3. Few enrollment from developing countries
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3
UNESCO Institute for Statistic; http://www.uis.unesco.org/Pages/default.aspx
Developed
countries
18,324,287,
6%
Developing
countries
309,378,871,
94%
Population of the school age
for post-secondary education
Developed
countries
2,530,555,
85%
Developing
countries
443,294,
15%
Worldwide enrollment data
for HarvardX courses
HarvardX Insights; http://harvardx.harvard.edu/insights/splash

4. Digital Divide by region
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PC penetration demographics
(2012)
Report: Changing PC sector, market share,
emerging markets, forecast considerations
(https://www.ventureoutsource.com/contract-
manufacturing/product-market-segments/pc-
computing/report-changing-pc-sector-market-share-
emerging-markets-forecast-com)
Internet user demographics
(2014)

5. Mobile Penetration in Developing
Country
5
ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database
Active mobile-broadband subscriptions
Copyright © 2015 CCC-TIES All rights reserved.

6. Mobile Device
– Small screen
– No keyboards
– Network speed and its
reliability
– Application dependent
content formats
E-Book
– Simple operation like
traditional books
• Flipping pages, Per-page
design, …
– No need for Internet
connection while
reading
– Device independent
standard format
• EPUB3
Disadvantages of Mobile Devices
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Kukulska-Hulme, A. (2007). Mobile usability in educational contexts: what have we
learnt?. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning,
8(2).
Corbeil, J., Valdes-Corbeil, M. (2007). Are you ready for mobile learning?.
Educause Quarterly, 30(2), 51.
Solution!
Copyright © 2015 CCC-TIES All rights reserved.

7. Potentials of E-book and Ad-hoc
Network
• The EPUB3
– Packaging media-rich and interactive learning
resources in a single-file format
Videos, images, HTML5, JavaScript, JSON and other resources
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Sharing e-Books between mobile devices using
mobile ad-hoc network (MANET)
Ad-hoc network
Should be Incorporated!
Should be Incorporated!
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8. Integrated Authentication Framework OAuth, SAML
Proposed Systems
Moodle
CHiLO Badge (Mozilla Open Badges)
Assessment & Badges
Facebook
Twitter
Google+
CHiLO Community
SNS and/or LMS Forum
CHiLO Book
CHiLO Lecture
One-minute nano lecture video clips
CHiLO Producer
Creative Higher Education
with Learning Object: CHiLO
CHiLO Book Reader
Ad-hoc
network
The target of a pilot study
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9. How a CHiLO Book Looks Like
9
Explanation using
text and videos Tests and reports Issuing
completion badges
iBooks reader, Google play books
and Readium
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10. Contents
– NIHONGO
STARTER A1
in English
– All 10 Volumes
Terms
Distribution Channels
– E-Book (EPUB3)
• OUJ-MOOC
• iBooks Store
• Google books
– Web (HTML5)
• OUJ-MOOC
Learning Community
– Facebook
Group
Feasibility Study
Start Term
Term 1 4/14/2014 35 days
Term 2 6/ 2/2014 35 days
Term 3 8/ 4/2014 73 days
Term 4 11/ 3/2014 49 days
Term 5 1/13/2015 70 days
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11. Number of Downloads
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Downloaded from 103 countries
Distribution Channel Format Number of Downloads
OUJ-MOOC
HTML5 4,911
EPUB3 5,132
iBooks Store EPUB3 3,715
Google Play books EPUB3 8,370
Total 22,128
HTML5: 20.3±15.2%
EPUB3: 79.7±15.2%
→
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12. Downloads from UN Developing
Countries
Developed
countries
11,756,
53%
Developing
countries
10,372,
47%
Developing countries, 47% of downloads
Number of Downloads by countries
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13. Different Types of the Devices
Accessed to the Assessment Test
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Tendencies: Web for PCs, E-Book for Mobile
From PCs: 68.7%
From mobile devices : 73%
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14. Mostly
EPUB3 format
16%
Mostly
HTML5 format
50%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Survey Results (1)
(n = 105)
Mainly EPUB3,
sometimes HTML5 format; 12％
Both EPUB3 and HTML5 format at
the same rate; 6%
Mainly HTML5,
sometimes EPUB3 format; 16%
Did you use EPUB3 format or HTML5 format CHiLO Book?
34% Users Utilized Both Formats
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15. Survey Results (2)
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Why did you choose eBook version? Why did you choose Web version?
Useful to
have it
download
ed to my
device
35%Wanted to
use it in
non-
internet
connected
environme
nt
30%
Interested
in the
book
17%
Wanted to
use the
func ons
within the
eBook
9%
Other
7%
No specific
reason
2%
Easier to
use the
Web
version
55%
No specific
reason
25%
Couldn't
download
the eBook
or could
not read
the eBook
11%
Other
9%
Copyright © 2015 CCC-TIES All rights reserved.

16. Conclusion
• CHiLO Book has a potential of enhancing
learning opportunity
• E-book style is affordable formats for mobile
devise.
• Web style is still important in addition to E-book
style
• Likelihood of resolution
– The e-book style is not as easy to use as the web style
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17. CHiLO Reader Local File
Web browser
Web based
epub reader
Future work: Developing CHiLO
Reader
Android mobile device
CHiLO
Reader
PAN
Web
Server
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18. Copyright © 2015 CCC-TIES All rights reserved.
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http://www.cccties.org/en/activities/chilo/