The document discusses functional groups and IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds. It defines functional groups as atoms or groups that determine a compound's chemical properties. Common heteroatoms include oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine and bromine. Functional groups include alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and ketones. Homologous series are groups of compounds that differ by CH2. IUPAC nomenclature involves a prefix for functional groups, word root for number of carbons, and suffix for functional group. An example of naming 1-bromopropane is provided.

1. Quality Education For All

2. Carbon and its Compounds
Session 5
Functional Groups

3. What is functional group?
Functional groups are those which
decide the chemical property of an
organic compounds.
These groups contain Heteroatom
Heteroatom- Along with Carbon and
Hydrogen, other elements are also
present. Those elements are called as
Heteroatom

4. Some of the Heteroatoms are
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Chlorine
Bromine
Iodine

5. In a hydrocarbon chain one or more
atom can be replaced by these elements
such that the valency of the carbon
remains satisfied.
The nature of the organic compound
depends on the functional groups
present.

6. Some Functional groups in
carbon compounds.

7. HOMOLOGOUS SERIES

8. Homologous Series
Series of same organic compounds but
differ from adjacent members by –CH2
group is called as Homologous Series.
Each member of homologous series is
called as Homologue

9. IUPAC Nomenclature of Compounds

10. Nomenclature– Naming
IUPAC- International Union of Pure and
Applied Chemistry
Rules for IUPAC Nomenclature
• First name- Prefix
Middle name- Word root
Last name- Suffix

11. • The group or atoms that should be
mentioned as Prefix
Group Name as Prefix
-Cl Chloro
-F Fluro
-CH3 Methyl
-Br Bromo

12. • The number of carbon atoms should
be mentioned as word root
For example
1 C Meth
2 C Eth
3 C Prop
4 C But
5 C Pent
6 C Hex
7 C Hept
8 C Oct
9 C Non

13. • Writing Suffix
Functional Group should be
mentioned as Suffix
Group Name
-OH ol
-CHO al
-COOH oic
>C=O one

14. CH3-CH2-CH2-Br
Steps
• Start numbering the carbon atom present in the chain
Note- Numbering should be done in such a way that the functional
group containing Carbon should get a least number
• Write the prefix
1-Bromo
• Mention Word Root
Count the number of Carbon atoms
Here it has 3 carbon atoms therefore the word root is Prop
• Mention the Suffix present

15. If single bond is present in between
Carbon atoms – ane is added in suffix
If double bond is present – ene is added
If triple bond is present –yne is added
So the name of the given compound is
1-Bromopropane
CH3-CH2-CH2-Br