The document discusses functional groups and IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds. It defines functional groups as atoms or groups that determine a compound's chemical properties. Common heteroatoms include oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine and bromine. Functional groups include alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and ketones. Homologous series are groups of compounds that differ by CH2. IUPAC nomenclature involves a prefix for functional groups, word root for number of carbons, and suffix for functional group. An example of naming 1-bromopropane is provided.