class 10 CBSE chemistry notes chapter part-2. periodic classification of elements https://v-learning.in/live-course/923/periodic-classification-of-elements-cbse-and-kseeb-chemistry-vistas-learning

1. Quality Education For All

2. 1-SHOT REVISION
CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS

3. What do we learn?
✓Bonding in Carbon
✓Versatile nature of Carbon
✓Saturated and Unsaturated Carbon Compounds
✓Functional groups
✓ Homologous Series
✓Nomenclature od Carbon compounds
✓Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds
✓Ethanol and Ethanoic Acid
✓Soaps and Detergents

4. Carbon
❖Atomic number – 6
❖Mass number -12
❖Electronic configuration – 1s2,2s2,2p2
❖Valence electrons -4

5. Why Carbon is Unique?
▪ Tetravalency – Carbon has 4 valence electrons and also
can share with other elements to form Covalent Bond
▪ Catenation – Ability to form bonds with other atoms of
carbon by giving rise to large molecules

6. Covalent Bond
A chemical bond which involves sharing of electrons between
atoms is called Covalent Bond

7. Formation of H2 Molecule
H. H
.H
H
.
H .
H-H
Shared electrons

8. Formation of N2 Molecule
N
.. .
.
. N
..
.
.
.
N
..
.
.
. N
..
.
.
.
N N
.. ..

9. HYDROCARBONS
Compounds which contains only carbon and hydrogen are called
as Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons
Saturated Hydrocarbons Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Alkanes
Alkenes Alkynes

10. Saturated Hydrocarbons
Compounds which contain single covalent bonds between
carbon atoms are called Saturated hydrocarbons
Alkanes
Hydrocarbons which are saturated contains single
bond between carbon atoms are Alkanes
General Formula – CnH2n+2
n = number of atoms

11. Source-NCERT textbook

12. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Compounds which contain double or triple bonds between
carbon atoms are called Saturated hydrocarbons
Alkenes
Hydrocarbons which are Unsaturated contains double bond
between carbon atoms are Alkanes
General Formula – CnH2n

13. Alkynes
Hydrocarbons which are Unsaturated contains triple bond
between carbon atoms are Alkanes
General Formula – CnH2n-2

14. What is functional group?
Functional groups are those which decide the chemical property of an
organic compounds.
Heteroatom- Along with Carbon and Hydrogen, other elements
are also present. Those elements are called as Heteroatom
Oxygen,Nitrogen,Hydrogen etc
These groups contain Heteroatom

15. Functional Groups in Carbon Compounds
Source-NCERT Textbook

16. HOMOLOGOUS SERIES
Series of same organic compounds but differ from adjacent members
by –CH2 group is called as Homologous Series.
Each member of homologous series is called as Homologue

17. IUPAC Nomenclature of Compounds
Nomenclature– Naming
IUPAC- International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
Rules for IUPAC Nomenclature
First name- Prefix
Middle name- Word root
Last name- Suffix

18. Group Name as Prefix
-Cl Chloro
-F Fluro
-CH3 Methyl
-Br Bromo
The group or atoms that should be mentioned as
Prefix

19. • The number of carbon atoms should be
mentioned as word root
1 C Meth
2 C Eth
3 C Prop
4 C But
5 C Pent
6 C Hex
7 C Hept
8 C Oct
9 C Non

20. • Writing Suffix
Functional Group should be mentioned as Suffix
Group Name
-OH ol
-CHO al
-COOH oic
>C=O one