This document discusses the widening and drainage improvements for a 13.5 km road project. It provides details on the types of pavement and widening processes. The widening will increase the road width by 2.5m on both sides for better traffic flow. The steps discussed are clearance, excavation, preparing the sub-base and sub-grade, applying binder and stone chipping, and rolling. Different types of rollers are used in the rolling process. Reconnaissance surveys are conducted to gather data on the terrain and existing structures to inform the design. Drainage systems help remove water from the road surface and channels. Common drainage system elements are described along with problems that can occur if drainage is inadequate.

1. .

2. INDEX Project details -1
 Purpose of widening at site
 Pavement
 Types of pavement
 Components of pavement
 Widening of pavement
 Types of widening
 Steps followed during widening of road
 Types of roller used
 Reconnaissance
 Project details -2
 Purpose of reconnaissance
 Drainage system
 Project deatails-3
 Types of drainage system
 Highway drainage problem
 reference

3. PROJECT NO: I
WIDENING OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT

4. PROJECT DETAILS
PROJECT NO : I
Department:- Road Construction Department[R.C.D] Under
Public Works Department[P.W.D]
Project Name: Widening of Road and Construction of
Drainage system
Total Length: 13.5km
Road to be linked with NH-81
Width of road before construction: 7m without shoulder
Width to be constructed : 2.5m on both side.
Types of road: M.D.R{major district road}

5. PURPOSE OF WIDENING AT SITE
To increase the traffic movement of heavy vehicle.
To use the pavement as bypass to be linked with
national highway.

6. PAVEMENT
 A Structure consisting of superimposed layers of
processed materials above the natural soil sub-grade
whose primary function is to distribute the applied
vehicles loads to the sub grade.

7. TYPES OF PAVEMENT
RIGID
PAVEMENT
FLEXIBLE
PAVEMENT

8. FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
It is the pavement which consist of a mixture of
bituminous material and aggregate.
RIGID PAVEMENT
It is constructed from cement concrete or reinforced
concrete slabs.

9. COMPONENTS OF FLEXIBLE
PAVEMENT
Sub grade/sub base
Base Course
Surface Course

10. RIGID PAVEMENT
It is constructed from cement concrete or reinforced
concrete slabs.
It has high modulus of elasticity to distribute load.
It depends on the intensity of load over wide areas of
the existing soil surface.
It can be easily repaired by the masons.
The life span of this types of pavement is
comparatively more than flexible pavement.

11. Cont..
Fig:- RIGID PAVEMENT

12. WIDENING OF PAVEMENT
It is done to increase the width of pavement for the better
assessment of traffic.
It reduces the risk of head-on collision of the vehicles moving
in opposite direction.
Lane width of about 2.75m to 3.75m is used on either side of
pavement.

13. Cont.
Fig :widening of the pavement

14. TYPES OF WIDENING
Psychological
widening
Mechanical
Widening

15. PSYCHOLOGICAL WIDENING
Widening of pavements has to be done for some
psychological reason also.
 There is a tendency for the drivers to drive close to
the edges of the pavement on the curves.
 Some extra space is to be provided for clearance for
the crossing and overtaking operation on the curves
 IRC proposed an empirical relation for the
psychological widening at horizontal cures (Wps)

16. CONT..
It is calculated by using empirical formula
𝑾𝒑𝒔 = 𝒗/𝟗. 𝟓√𝑹
Where v =velocity of the vehicle
R= radius of the curve

17. MECHANICAL WIDENING
The widening required to account for the off-tracking
due to the rigidity of wheel based is called
mechanical widening (Wm)
 It may be calculated as :
Wm=l2/2R (approximately)

18. STEPS FOLLOWED DURING WIDENING
OF ROAD AT SITE
Clearance of the waste present nearby road.
Excavation
Preparation of sub base
Watering the sub base
Application of binder
Application of stone chipping
Rolling
Open to the traffic

19. Excavation
It is the process of moving earths, rocks or other
materials with different tools , equipment or tools.
It is done for the preparation of different surface
required in pavement construction.
At site about 40cm is excavated as a depth.
Figure no :EXCAVATION

20. PREPARATION OF SUB – GRADE
AND SUB BASE
If the sub-grade has reasonable uniform bearing capacity,
there is no necessity of providing sub base layer over the
natural soil.
Depending upon the type of soil design load, intensity of
traffic and economic configuration the decision for
providing sub base is taken.
At the site the sub base are prepared by using the
following materials by mixing:
• Stone dust(10-15%)
• Aggregate of size
• Greater than 20 mm
• Mixture of aggregate size varing from 4.75-12.5 mm

21. WATERING OF SUGRADE AND SUB-
BASE
After the sub grade is prepared, the layer is made
moist but it should be seen that pool are not formed.
 If the sub grade is dry it should be sprinkled with as
much quantity of water that it can absorb.
It is advisable that to wet the surface at least 12 hours
in advance of placing the base coarse.
At site the watering is done 8hours before laying
base coarse.

22. APPLICATION OF BINDER:
The premix is prepared in a hot mix plant of required
capacity with the desired quality control.
The bitumen is heated up to 150-177 degree C.
The aggregate temperature should not be more than
14 degree C.
On the prepared surface using a mechanical sprayer
or pouring-can, uniform spraying of the bitumen
binder is done at the specified rate.
Care is taken that excessive binder is not applied to
the localised areas as this would cause bleeding

23. APPLICATION OF STONE CHIPPING
• After the application of binder, the cover materials
i.e. stone chipping as per the requirement is spread to
the cover the surface uniformly.

24. Cont.
Fig: spreading stone chipping

25. ROLLING OF FIRST COAT
The rolling is done with tandem roller / pneumatic
roller of 6 to 8 tonnes weights after the cover material
is spread.
The speed of the roller should be about 5km/hr.
 the wheel of the rollers are kept damp with water.
 Rolling is started from the edges proceeding towards
the centre longitudinally with overlapping not less
than one third of the roller tread.
If the second coat is applied then the rolling is done
again after the treatment of second coat.

26. DIFFERENT TYPES OF ROLLER USED FOR ROAD
CONSTRUCTION
VIBRATORY ROLLER
SHEEP FOOT ROLLERSMOOTH WHEEL ROLLER
PNEUMATIC TYPE ROLLER

27. FINISHING:
 The surface is checked for longitudinal and cross
section using a straight edge of length 3.0 metre
and variation should not be greater than 6.0metre.
Fig: finishing

28. OPENING TO TRAFFIC:
• The road section is opened to traffic after 24 hours

29. PROJECT NO II
RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY OF
HAFLAGANJ TO MAENA NAGAR
ROAD

30. RECONNAINSANCE
 First stage of survey carried out by the site visit.
It provide a data that enables design engineers to study
advantages and disadvantages of a variety of routes.
In this work existing maps is a important as the actual
fieldwork.
Important location like existing religious place, institutes ,
petrol pump, hospital are shown.

31. PROJECT DETAILS:
ROAD TO BE SURVEYED {ORIGIN POINT}:
HAFLAGANJ TO MAENA NAGAR
TYPES OF ROAD: ODR
TOTAL LENGTH OF ROAD:15.6KM
NH-121A TO BE LINKED WITH NH-81

32. Figure sketched during reconnaissance
survey
FIGURE NO :LAYOUT OF ROAD

33. Purpose Of Reconnaissance
It gives information about the situation of the
roadways.
To adopt the method of fieldworks to be carried
out.
To evaluate the topography.

34. PROJECT NO :III
CONSTRUCTION OF DRAINAGE
SYSTEM

35. Drainage system
It is a system by which water is drained in or in
the soil to enhance production.
 In other word, a system used for making water ,
etc. flow from one place to another.

36. Project details:
Drainage to be constructed near by semapur new
market.
Length of drainage: 6.4km
Grade of concrete used:
 At the base:M10
 At the side :M15-M20
Grade of steel: Fe250

37. Types of drainage system
Transverse slopes
Removes water from pavement surface
Facilitates by cross section elements
Longitudinal slopes
Minimum gradient of alignment to maintain
adequate slope in longitudinal channel
Longitudinal channels
Ditches along sides of road to collect surface water
after run-off

38. Importance of road drainage
Impact of flooding of public and private property.
Provision of an acceptable level of flood immunity
and accessibility.
The road requires a drainage system to deal with
storm water runoff.
 Therefore, the drainage system becomes an
important and integral consideration in the planning
and design of road infra structure
Safety of all road users.

39. HIGHWAY DRAINAGE PROBLEM
Drainage problems
 Shoulder problems
 Horizontal clearance problem.
 Environmental pollution
Water logging.

40. Cont.
• Video showing the pouring of concrete from the
miller .

41. reference:
 unique Civil article
Environmental engineering by s.k gaur
Highway engineering by s.k khanna