Basic Concept of Quality and Quality Control

1. Basic Concept
of
Quality & Quality Control
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2. Quality?
 The totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bear on its
ability to satisfy stated or implied needs.
 The degree of excellence that a product posses.
 Quality refers to the characteristics of a product or service that defines its ability
to consistently meet or exceed the customer demand.
What actually means to quality???
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3. Aspects of quality
 Performance: This refers to appropriate functionality of the product or whether the
product performs satisfactory as desired or expected by the customer. (Will the
product/service do the intended job?)
 Conformance: Conformance means as per specification. It refers to how well or
accurately a product or service correspond to designed.
 Reliability: It refers to the ability of an item to perform a required function under stated
conditions for a period of time. (How often does the product/service fail?)
 Durability: This refers to useful technical life or longevity of performance of the product
or service. (How long does the product/service last?)
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4. Aspects of quality
 Innovative features: Innovative features refers to extra useful characteristics of the
product, more than the desired primary ones
 Service after sale: For many years, Service after sale had been considered as an extra
business. But, now-a-days, because of increased focus on customer satisfaction, service
after sale is considered as part of the product. (How easy to repair the product / to
solve the problems in service?)
 Maintainability/serviceability: Maintenance and servicing of engineering products are
of importance now-a-days to a large cross-section of customers.
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5. Aspects of quality
 Ease of use: One of the recent trends of customers quality requirement is ease of use of
product. Customer never like a product which is complex to use. Thus, ease of use has
become one of the major aspect of quality.
 Aesthetics: Aesthetic of product, especially in case of customer goods, is a utmost
importance to customers. Thus, aesthetic is also an important aspect of quality. (What does
the product/service look/smell/sound/feel like?)
 Others: Now-a-days, many other aspect, such as safety, health issues etc. are considered
as part and parcel of quality.
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6. Factors affecting quality
 Customer: They are the ultimate users or beneficiaries of quality. As
such, any quality management drive should focus on this element while
preparing a quality plan.
 Processes: This element is responsible for transforming the inputs to
quality outputs. Traditionally, people used to think that the process is
only factor which needs to be controlled for ensuring quality. Modern
quality management views that employees and materials should be
responsible for quality.
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7. Factors affecting quality
 Employee: Now-a-days, role of employee in delivering quality product is
valued highly. Employees are considered as internal customers, who
need to be kept satisfied in order to deliver quality product. Thus, they
should be trained regularly with high degree of motivation and skill.
 Materials (Suppliers): Role of suppliers in delivering quality goods is
now well recognized. A good manufacturing process does not have much
to contribute to quality if supplied materials are not of enough good
quality.
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8. Consequences of Poor Quality
 Lower Productivity - due to Rework, rejection
 Loss of Material - due to Rework, rejection
 Loss of business - Organization image
 Liability - Warranty, replacement, repair

9. Quality Control
 Quality control can be defined as the checking, verification
and regulation of degree of excellence of an attribute or
property of something.
 The operational techniques and activities that are used to
fulfill requirements of quality.
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10. Quality Assurance
 Quality Assurance is known as QA and focuses on preventing
defects. Quality Assurance ensures that the approaches,
techniques, methods and processes are designed for the
projects are implemented correctly.
 Quality Assurance is a proactive process and is Preventive
in nature. Quality Assurance has to complete before Quality
Control.
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11. QC vs QA
Particulars QA QC
Definition Activities for ensuring quality in the processes. Set of activities for ensuring quality in
products.
Focus on Prevent the defect. Identify and improve the defects
Goal Improve development and test processes so that
defects do not arise
Identify defects after a product is developed
and before it's released
How
Establish a good quality management system and
the assessment with periodic audits
Finding & eliminating sources of quality
problems by tools & equipment for continuous
customers’ requirements
What
Prevention of quality problems through
activities with documentation.
The activities used to achieve and maintain
the product quality
Responsibility
Everyone on the team involved in developing
the product
Responsibility of a specific team that tests the
product for defects.
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12. Question for you
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If Yes – Why?
If No –Why?

13. 13
Statistical Quality Control
Statistical quality control (SQC): Statistical quality control or SQC can be
defined as the method of QC where a series of results are analyzed with the
help of statistical tools and techniques and decision is made about
controlling the process.
The purpose of SQC is to generate authenticity and significance about a
series of test result.

14. Type of quality control
Mainly 2 types of quality control:
i) Process control
ii) Product control
i) Process control: Controlling of process sequence or steps to produce
desired quality product is called process control.
ii) Product control: The control which is used to decrease defective items
within different lots of produced good is known as product control.
It is applied after production process
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15. Types of quality control
Process control is two types:
a) Online quality control
b) Offline quality control
a) Online quality control: This type of quality control is performed in process stage i.e.
without stopping the production process, during the production running time, the
machine automatically tests the variation and takes immediate step to rectify the variation.
Checking and rectification of variation/fault in processing stage is known as online quality
control.
Example: # Roving tension control device in simplex machine.
# Sliver hank is controlled by auto leveller in carding & draw frame.
# Garment inspection during sewing
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16. Type of quality control
b) Offline quality control: This type of quality control consists of
laboratory tests or inspection which are done by stopping the production
process or end of the production.
Here necessary steps are taken according to test result.
Example: # Checking of count and TPI variation
# Strength testing
# Evenness testing
# Final Inspection of garment (AQL)
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17. Textile testing?
 Laboratory experiment to determine textile data of fibre,
yarn, fabric and end use product (garment, home textile
etc.)
 Textile testing is the application of engineering knowledge
and science for the measurement of properties and
characteristics of textile materials (Fibre, yarn, fabric,
garment, etc.)
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18. Importance of textile testing
 To determine the properties and characteristics of fibre, yarn, fabric and
end product.
 To compare the qualities of textile raw materials, intermediate products
and finished products.
 To maintain the standard established by different organization. Example:
ISO, AATCC, BSTI, BS, DIN, etc.
 To meet market and consumer demand standard.
 To improve and control processing techniques by research and
developments. 18

19. Factors affecting test result
 The sampling
 Atmospheric condition for testing
 Method of testing
 Instrument used
 Efficiency of the technicians, etc.
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20. 20
Total Quality Management (TQM)
 TOTAL = Total involves everyone & all activities in the company.
 QUALITY= Conformance to requirements (meeting customer requirements).
 MANAGEMENT= Quality must & can be managed.
 TQM= A process for managing quality, it must be a continuous way of life,
a philosophy of perpetual improvement in everything.
TQM is one of the most widely accepted quality control system. According
to the TQM concept an organization involves all the resources like raw
materials, suppliers, almost all persons working in the company, the
whole seller, retailer and consumers to undertake decisions to achieve a
target quality.