This document provides information on presentations, including types of presentations, how to make an effective presentation, and factors that affect effective presentations. It discusses five types of presentations: informative, instructional, arousing, decision-making, and persuasive. It also outlines the steps to make an effective presentation, including preplanning, understanding the audience and purpose, structuring the presentation logically, and providing a closing. Finally, it discusses factors like voice, body language, visual aids, and consistency that can impact the effectiveness of a presentation.

1. What is a presentation?
 Presentation is the practice of showing and
explaining the content of a topic to an
audience or learner.
 Presentation is also the means of
communication which can be adapted to
various speaking situation, such as talking
to a group, addressing a meeting or briefing
a team.

2. Types of presentation
There are 5 types of presentation:
1 )Informative: Keep an informative presentation
brief and to the point. Stick to the facts and
avoid complicated information.
2) Instructional: Your purpose in an instructional
presentation is to give specific directions or
orders. Your presentation will probably be a bit
longer, because it has to cover your topic
thoroughly.

3. 3)Arousing: Your purpose in an arousing
presentation is to make people think about a
certain problem or situation.
4) Decision-making: Your purpose in a decision-
making presentation is to move your audience to
take your suggested action. A decision-making
presentation presents ideas, suggestions, and
arguments strongly enough to persuade an
audience to carry out your requests.
5) Persuasive: Your purpose in a persuasive
presentation is to convince your listeners to accept
your proposal.

4. How to make an effective
presentation?
 The first step of a great presentations is
preplanning i.e. acquiring a room,
informing participants, etc.
 The second step is before preparing the
presentation, ask yourself the following:
What is the purpose of the presentation?
Who will be attending?
What does the audience already know about
the subject?
What is the audience's attitude towards me
(e.g. hostile, friendly)?

5. • Third, step is to prepare the presentation. A
good presentation starts out with
introductions
and may include an icebreaker such as a story,
interesting statement or fact. It should have a
logical beginning, middle, and end.
• Fourthly there are several options for
structuring the presentation:
Timeline: Arranged in sequential order.
Climax: The main points are delivered in order
ofincreasing importance.

6. Problem/Solution: A problem is presented, a
solution is suggested, and benefits are then
given.
Simple to complex: Ideas are listed from the
simplest to the most complex. Can also be
done in reverse order.
 Fifthly, after the body, comes the closing.
This is where you ask for questions, provide
a wrap-up.

7. Factors that affect effective
presentation
 The Voice: The voice is probably the most
valuable tool of the presenter. It carries most
of the content that the audience takes away.
One of the oddities of speech is that we can
easily tell others what is wrong with their
voice, e.g. too fast, too high, too soft, etc.
1) Volume: How loud the sound is. The goal
is to be heard without shouting.
2)Tone: The characteristics of a sound. . A
voice that carries fear can frighten the

8. audience while a voice that carries laughter
can get the audience to smile.
 The Body: Your body communicates
different impressions to the audience.
People not only listen to you, they also
watch you.
1)Postures: Slouching tells them you are
indifferent or you do not care... even though
you might care a great deal! On the other
hand, displaying good posture tells your
audience that you know what you are doing
and you care deeply about it.
2)Eye contact: Speakers who make eye

9. open the flow of communication and
convey interest, concern, warmth, and
credibility.
3)Facial Expression: Smiling is a powerful
cue that transmits happiness, friendliness,
warmth, and liking.
4)Gestures: If you fail to gesture while
speaking, you may be perceived as boring
and stiff.

10. Effective power point presentation
FACTORS FOR EFFECTIVE PPT
BIG
SIMPLE CLEAR
CONSISTENT

11. Make It Big(Text)
 This is Arial 12
 This is Arial 18 TOO SMALL
 This is Arial 24
 This is Arial 32
 This is Arial 36
This is Arial 44

12. Keep It Simple (Text)
 Do not have
Too many colours
Too Many Fonts and Styles
 Follow the 6 x 7 rule
 No more than 6 lines per slide
 No more than 7 words per line

13. Make It Clear
 ALL CAPITAL LETTERS ARE DIFFICULT TO
READ
 Upper and lower case letters are easier
 Italics are difficult to read on screen
 Normal or bold fonts are clearer
 Underlines may signify hyperlinks
 Instead, use colours to emphasise
 Use contrasting colours
 Light on dark vs dark on light
 Use complementary colours

14. Be Consistent
Differences draw attention.
 Differences may imply importance.

15. Bibliography
 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presentation. 26th
oct 2012
 www.cypressmedia.net/articles/article/25/ty
pes_of_presentations. 30th oct 2012
 www.slideshare.net/satyajeet_02/how-to-
make-effective-presentation.26th oct
2012