A bibliography is an orderly list of sources used in a project. It provides full reference information for all sources consulted, allowing readers to trace the sources. There are various bibliography styles like APA, MLA, and CBE used in different academic fields. These styles provide guidelines for formatting bibliographic references for various sources like books, articles, websites, and more.
What is bibliography? At its most basic sense, it is a list of books. They are helpful tools in libraries and library work. We must be familiar with them.
What is bibliography? At its most basic sense, it is a list of books. They are helpful tools in libraries and library work. We must be familiar with them.
Broadly, a citation is a reference to a published or unpublished source (not always the original source). More precisely, a citation is an abbreviated alphanumeric expression embedded in the body of an intellectual work that denotes an entry in the bibliographic references section of the work for the purpose of acknowledging the relevance of the works of others to the topic of discussion at the spot where the citation appears.
Generally the combination of both the in-body citation and the bibliographic entry constitutes what is commonly thought of as a citation (whereas bibliographic entries by themselves are not).
References to single, machine-readable assertions in electronic scientific articles are known as nano-publications, a form of micro-attribution. Citation has several important purposes: to uphold intellectual honesty (or avoiding plagiarism), to attribute prior or unoriginal work and ideas to the correct sources, to allow the reader to determine independently whether the referenced material supports the author's argument in the claimed way, and to help the reader gauge the strength and validity of the material the author has used.
Here I am sharing my presentation of
Research Skills : Documentation & Fundamentals of Literary Research. Subject of presentation is 'The importance of Citation'
Broadly, a citation is a reference to a published or unpublished source (not always the original source). More precisely, a citation is an abbreviated alphanumeric expression embedded in the body of an intellectual work that denotes an entry in the bibliographic references section of the work for the purpose of acknowledging the relevance of the works of others to the topic of discussion at the spot where the citation appears.
Generally the combination of both the in-body citation and the bibliographic entry constitutes what is commonly thought of as a citation (whereas bibliographic entries by themselves are not).
References to single, machine-readable assertions in electronic scientific articles are known as nano-publications, a form of micro-attribution. Citation has several important purposes: to uphold intellectual honesty (or avoiding plagiarism), to attribute prior or unoriginal work and ideas to the correct sources, to allow the reader to determine independently whether the referenced material supports the author's argument in the claimed way, and to help the reader gauge the strength and validity of the material the author has used.
Here I am sharing my presentation of
Research Skills : Documentation & Fundamentals of Literary Research. Subject of presentation is 'The importance of Citation'
bibliography and references.
various kind of bibliography and references.
elements of bibliography and references.
sources of bibliography and references.
Here is a presentation that will provide you the important details about bibliography in an APA (American Psychological Association) style format.Thanks.
MLA MLA stands for the Modern Language Association, which is an organization that focuses on language and literature.
Depending on which subject area your class or research focuses on, your professor may ask you to cite your sources in MLA format. This is a specific way to cite, following the Modern Language Association’s guidelines.
2. •A bibliography is an orderly list of resources on a particular
subject
•A bibliography provides the full reference information for all
the sources which you may have consulted in preparing a
particular project
•The purpose of a bibliography is to allow the reader to trace
the sources used
3. 1. The author’s name is listed in reverse order-surname first-for the purpose of
alphabetizing.
2. The entry is generally presented in hanging-indention form. That is the second
and subsequent lines of an entry begin at a uniform distance to the right of the
beginning point of the first line.
3. The entry gives the inclusive pages of articles, but not for books, and does not
refer to any one page or passage
4. Second and subsequent references to publications of the same author are
indicated by a uniform line.
4. • There are various formats used in the creation of a bibliography such as the American
Psychological Association (APA), Modern Language Association of America (MLA)
and Chicago Manual of Style and Council of Biology Editors (CBE)
• The APA style of referencing is common in the papers written on topics of social
sciences; MLA style is used in field of humanities; and CBE is a popular citation style in
the natural sciences
• Examples
MLA
For books
o Author. Title of book: Subtitle. City of Publication: Publisher, Year.
o Arnold, Francis. Greece. Texas: Steck-Vaughn, 1992.
APA
o Author's last name, first initial. (Publication date). Book title. Additional information.
City of publication: Publishing company.
o Allen, T. (1974). Vanishing wildlife of North America. Washington, D.C.: National
Geographic Society.
5. •For a Book
Author(last name first).Title of the book, City: Publisher, Date of publication
Example
Godin, Seth. Purple cow: Transform your business by being Remarkable. New York: Upper
Saddle River, 2002.
•For an Encyclopedia
Encyclopedia Title, Edition Date. Volume Number, "Article Title," page numbers
Example
The Encyclopedia Britannica 1997, Volume 7, “Gorillas,” pp 51-55.
6. •For a magazine
Author (last name first), "Article Title." Name of magazine. Volume number, (Date): page
numbers.
Example
Jordan, Jennifer, “Filming on top of the world.” Museum of Science Magazine. Volume 7 (winter
1998) pp-11
•For a Newspaper
Author (last name first), "Article Title." Name of newspaper, city, state of publication. (date):
edition if available, section, page number(s).
Example
Powers, Ann, “New Trends” The New York Times ,New York, NY(3/1/98), Atlantic Region,
Section 2 , p-3.
7. •World Wide Web
URL (Uniform Resource Locator or WWW address). author (or item's name, if mentioned),
date.
Example
http://www.TheHindu.com.Today’s news, August 1, 2012
•Government Publications
U.S.Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation. Healthy Buildings,
Healthy People: A vision for the 21st Century. October 2001.
http://www.epa.gov/iaq/images/indoor_air_pollution.pdf.
•Miscellaneous
Central Intelligence Agency. Commonwealth Of Independent States-Central European States.
Washington DC : Central Intelligence Agency, 2003. Map.