Week 10 part 4 electromechanical and thermal
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This document discusses electromechanical systems and their transfer functions. It provides examples of control systems using electromechanical components like a NASA robot arm. It also covers modeling of thermal systems, the three modes of heat transfer (conduction, convection and radiation), thermal resistance, thermal capacitance, and provides examples applying these concepts.
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This document provides an introduction to heat transfer. It defines heat transfer as energy in transit due to a temperature difference and discusses the three main mechanisms of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction involves the transfer of kinetic energy between adjacent particles in a material. Convection refers to heat transfer between a solid surface and adjacent fluid which are at different temperatures. Radiation occurs as electromagnetic wave emission from hotter objects and does not require a medium. The relationships between heat transfer and the laws of thermodynamics are also covered.
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This document discusses energy, energy transfer, and general energy analysis. It introduces various forms of energy including internal, kinetic, potential, thermal, chemical, and nuclear energy. It defines heat, work, and discusses different mechanisms of energy transfer including conduction, convection, radiation, and mass flow. The first law of thermodynamics regarding conservation of energy is explained. Energy efficiencies and the impact of energy usage on the environment are also discussed.
Heat transfer mechanisms 1
This document discusses different heat transfer mechanisms including conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction involves the transfer of energy between particles through interactions at the molecular level in solids, liquids, and gases. Convection involves the transfer of heat by the motion of fluids and can be natural or forced. Radiation involves the emission of electromagnetic waves and does not require a medium to transfer heat. The document also discusses thermal conductivity, diffusivity, boundary and initial conditions, and the heat conduction equation in different coordinate systems.
HEAT TRANSFER
1. The document discusses heat transfer through conduction in fluids and determining the thermal conductivity of water. An apparatus is used to study heat conduction in air and water without natural convection.
2. The thermal conductivity of air is known and used to calculate the heat transfer and losses in the apparatus. This allows determining the thermal conductivity of water.
3. The second part of the document discusses determining the natural convection heat transfer coefficient for a vertically oriented cylindrical tube exposed to atmospheric air and losing heat through natural convection. Different heating levels are used to study natural convection pipe flows.
Thermo chapter 2-p1
The document discusses various topics related to energy and energy transfer in thermodynamics:
1. It defines different forms of energy including internal, kinetic, potential, electrical, chemical, and nuclear energy. Internal energy is the sum of microscopic energies of a system.
2. It discusses heat and work as two mechanisms of energy transfer across boundaries of a system. Heat transfer is driven by temperature differences while work requires a force and displacement.
3. It describes different modes of heat transfer as conduction, convection, and radiation. Mechanical forms of work include shaft work, spring work, and electrical work.
4. The first law of thermodynamics and concept of energy balance within a system and
2151909 heat transfer e-note (thefreestudy.com) (1)
This document provides an overview of heat transfer concepts and mechanisms. It contains:
1. An introduction to heat transfer, noting that it deals with rate of heat transfer rather than total amount. The three main mechanisms are conduction, convection, and radiation.
2. Descriptions of each mechanism - conduction involves particle interactions, convection involves fluid motion, and radiation involves electromagnetic wave transfer.
3. Applications of heat transfer include household appliances, insulation, and engineering systems like cars and power plants.
4. Key concepts covered include Fourier's law of conduction, thermal conductivity, Newton's law of cooling for convection, and Stefan-Boltzmann law for radiation.
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Energy transfer by heat occurs between systems with a temperature difference, even if no work is done. Heat transfer is driven by decreasing temperature, with a higher rate of transfer for larger temperature differences. Heat transfer between a system and its surroundings is represented by Q, with a positive Q indicating heat transfer to the system. For transient processes, the rate of energy transfer to or from a system can be determined by integrating heat (Q) and work (W) terms over time.
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Heat_All.pdf
Thermodynamics deals with the amount of heat transfer between systems, while heat transfer determines the rates of energy transfer and temperature variations. Heat is transferred between objects by conduction, convection, or radiation. Conduction involves the transfer of kinetic energy between particles in direct contact. Convection combines conduction and fluid motion to transfer heat. Radiation emits electromagnetic waves and does not require a medium. Engineering applications include determining heat transfer rates and sizes of heat exchange equipment based on temperature differences and properties of materials.
PHT 080322.pptx
Heat transfer can occur via three modes: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction involves the transfer of energy between adjacent particles in solids, liquids, and gases due to temperature differences. Convection refers to the transfer of heat by the movement of fluids and involves both conduction and fluid motion. Radiation is the emission and transmission of electromagnetic waves from the surface of an object as a result of its temperature. The key modes of heat transfer are analyzed using concepts such as the thermal conductivity of materials, heat transfer coefficients, and Stefan-Boltzmann's law of thermal radiation.
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This document outlines the content of a heat transfer course, including 8 topics: introduction to heat and mass transfer, 1D and 2D steady state conduction, unsteady state conduction, convection heat transfer, radiation heat transfer, heat exchangers, and boiling and condensation heat transfer. Evaluation of students includes continuous assessment, projects, mid-term and final exams. Attendance of 80% is required to sit for the final exam. Prerequisites include thermodynamics and applied mathematics courses. The document provides references and does not include any other content.
Lecture 1B BME.ppt
This document provides an overview of heat and mass transfer, specifically focusing on conduction. It defines heat transfer and its three main modes: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction occurs through stationary mediums and involves energy transfer between particles via collisions. The rate of conductive heat transfer is quantified by Fourier's Law. An example problem is included to demonstrate calculating the rate of heat loss through a furnace wall using the temperature gradient and material properties.
Basic Concepts and First Law of Thermodynamics
Subject: ME8391 Engineering Thermodynamics
Topic: Basic Concepts & First law of Thermodynamics
B.E. Mechanical Engineering
Second year, III Semester.
[Anna University R-2017]
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8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
原版制作(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证一模一样
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Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdf
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
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Week 10 part 4 electromechanical and thermal
- 1. Week 10 Data Presentation System Control System Engineering PE-3032 Prof. CHARLTON S. INAO Defence Engineering College, Debre Zeit , Ethiopia
- 2. Electromechanical System Transfer Functions • Systems that are hybrids of electrical and mechanical variables is the electromechanical systems. • Other applications for systems with electromechanical components are robot controls, sun and star trackers, and computer tape and disk-drive position controls.
- 3. • An example of a control system that uses electromechanical components is shown in Figure 1 NASA flight simulator robot arm with electromechanical control system components.
- 4. Potentiometer Input: Rotation Output : Voltage
- 7. Eq. 1
- 8. Motors
- 12. Eq. 2 Eq. 3
- 13. Eq. 4
- 15. Eq. 5
- 17. Eq. 6
- 18. Eq. 7
- 20. Eq. 8
- 21. Modeling of Thermal Systems
- 22. Mode of Heat Transfer • Conduction • Convection • Radiation
- 23. Conduction Conduction is the transfer of energy from the more energetic particles of a substance to the adjacent less energetic ones as a result of interactions between the particles. Conduction can take place in solids, liquids, or gases. In gases and liquids, conduction is due to the collisions and diffusion of the molecules during their random motion. In solids, it is due to the combination of vibrations of the molecules in a lattice and the energy transport by free electrons. A cold canned drink in a warm room, for example, eventually warms up to the room temperature as a result of heat transfer from the room to the drink through the aluminum can by conduction.
- 26. CONVECTION Convection is the mode of energy transfer between a solid surface and the adjacent liquid or gas that is in motion, and it involves the combined effects of conduction and fluid motion. The faster the fluid motion, the greater the convection heat transfer.
- 27. RADIATION Radiation is the energy emitted by matter in the form of electromagnetic waves (or photons) as a result of the changes in the electronic configurations of the atoms or molecules. Unlike conduction and convection, the transfer of energy by radiation does not require the presence of an intervening medium. In fact, energy transfer by radiation is fastest (at the speed of light) and it suffers no attenuation in a vacuum. This is how the energy of the sun reaches the earth.
- 29. 1 Thermal resistance The thermal resistance R is the resistance offered to the rate of flow of heat q (Figure a) and is defined by: R=L/kA, oC/W where T1- T2 is the temperature difference through which the heat flows.
- 31. Application Example of Thermal Resistance Sample No.1
- 32. Application Example Thermal Resistance Sample No.2
- 34. 2 Thermal capacitance The thermal capacitance (Figure b) is a measure of the store of internal energy in a system. If the rate of flow of heat into a system is q1 and the rate of flow out q2 then the rate of change of internal energy of the system is q1 - q2. An increase in internal energy can result in a change in temperature: change in internal energy = mc x change in temperature where m is the mass and c the specific heat capacity. Thus the rate of change of internal energy is equal to mc times the rate of change of temperature. Hence: This equation can be written as: where the capacitance C = mc.
- 35. Example Develop a model for the simple thermal system of a thermometer at temperature T being used to measure the temperature of a liquid when it suddenly changes to the higher temperature of TL(Figure ).
- 38. Example • Determine a model for the temperature of a room (Figure) containing a heater which supplies heat at the rate q1 and the room loses heat at the rate q2.