This document discusses units and dimensions used in HVAC systems. It covers converting between common HVAC units like Btu, ft-lbf, and psi and SI units like Joules, Watts, and Pascals. Examples show how to perform unit conversions and calculate heat transfer, energy, and power values. Problems at the end practice additional unit conversions and calculations involving velocity, pressure, and Reynolds number.
1. Thermodynamics covers basic concepts including open and closed systems, state functions, and the laws of thermodynamics.
2. The zeroth law defines thermal equilibrium and allows for the definition of temperature.
3. The first law concerns the conservation of energy and establishes the concept of internal energy. Heat and work are both means of transferring energy.
This document contains multiple heat transfer problems involving pipes, fins, and composite walls. The first problem involves calculating the overall heat transfer coefficient and dominant resistance for a steel pipe with water flowing inside at 500 W/m2K and the outside exposed to 12 W/m2K. The second problem involves calculating the maximum possible heat generation rate for electric heater wires in a solid wall to keep the temperature below 300°C with boundary conditions of 50 W/m2K and 75 W/m2K. The third problem involves determining the increase in heat transfer from adding fins to steam tubes in a heating system.
The vapor compression refrigeration cycle is commonly used to transfer heat from a low temperature medium to a high temperature medium. It involves four main processes: (1) compression of a refrigerant vapor, (2) heat rejection in a condenser, (3) expansion of the refrigerant through a throttle valve, and (4) heat absorption in an evaporator. The coefficient of performance (COP) is used to measure the efficiency of refrigerators and heat pumps. Actual vapor compression cycles are less efficient than the ideal Carnot cycle due to irreversibilities.
The document summarizes the manufacturing process for coil springs. It describes the key steps which include coiling the wire using either cold or hot winding techniques, heat treating to relieve stress, grinding and finishing the ends, shot peening to strengthen the spring, setting the coils, coating for corrosion protection, packaging, and quality control testing. Computer-controlled coiling machines help improve quality by precisely controlling the spring dimensions and adjusting in real-time.
this is my presentation of theory of machine subject. the topic of this presentation is static force analysis. In gujarat technological university mechanical engineering third year syllabus topic. there are many types of forces described in this ppt. and examples and domestic use.
This document provides unit-wise assignment questions for the subject Mechanics of Materials compiled by Hareesha N G, an assistant professor at Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering. It includes questions covering topics in three units: simple stress and strain, stress in composite sections, and compound stresses. The questions are intended to help students learn and practice key concepts in mechanics of materials through problem solving. There are a total of 10 questions listed for each unit, addressing topics such as stress-strain behavior, thermal stresses, principal stresses, and Mohr's circle analysis. The document aims to equip students with practice questions to solidify their understanding of mechanics of materials.
A thermocouple junction is approximated as a sphere to measure the temperature of a gas stream. With given properties and a convection coefficient of 400 W/m2-K, the junction diameter needed for a time constant of 1 second is calculated. If the junction at 25°C is placed in a 200°C gas stream, it will take approximately 6 minutes to reach 199°C.
The document describes different types of brakes used in vehicles and their design considerations. It discusses block or shoe brakes, which use friction between brake blocks or shoes and a drum to slow rotation. Design factors include contact pressure, friction coefficient, drum velocity, and heat dissipation. Examples show how to calculate forces, torque, and heat generation for single and double block brakes. Pressure must not exceed limits to prevent damage to lining materials.
1. Thermodynamics covers basic concepts including open and closed systems, state functions, and the laws of thermodynamics.
2. The zeroth law defines thermal equilibrium and allows for the definition of temperature.
3. The first law concerns the conservation of energy and establishes the concept of internal energy. Heat and work are both means of transferring energy.
This document contains multiple heat transfer problems involving pipes, fins, and composite walls. The first problem involves calculating the overall heat transfer coefficient and dominant resistance for a steel pipe with water flowing inside at 500 W/m2K and the outside exposed to 12 W/m2K. The second problem involves calculating the maximum possible heat generation rate for electric heater wires in a solid wall to keep the temperature below 300°C with boundary conditions of 50 W/m2K and 75 W/m2K. The third problem involves determining the increase in heat transfer from adding fins to steam tubes in a heating system.
The vapor compression refrigeration cycle is commonly used to transfer heat from a low temperature medium to a high temperature medium. It involves four main processes: (1) compression of a refrigerant vapor, (2) heat rejection in a condenser, (3) expansion of the refrigerant through a throttle valve, and (4) heat absorption in an evaporator. The coefficient of performance (COP) is used to measure the efficiency of refrigerators and heat pumps. Actual vapor compression cycles are less efficient than the ideal Carnot cycle due to irreversibilities.
The document summarizes the manufacturing process for coil springs. It describes the key steps which include coiling the wire using either cold or hot winding techniques, heat treating to relieve stress, grinding and finishing the ends, shot peening to strengthen the spring, setting the coils, coating for corrosion protection, packaging, and quality control testing. Computer-controlled coiling machines help improve quality by precisely controlling the spring dimensions and adjusting in real-time.
this is my presentation of theory of machine subject. the topic of this presentation is static force analysis. In gujarat technological university mechanical engineering third year syllabus topic. there are many types of forces described in this ppt. and examples and domestic use.
This document provides unit-wise assignment questions for the subject Mechanics of Materials compiled by Hareesha N G, an assistant professor at Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering. It includes questions covering topics in three units: simple stress and strain, stress in composite sections, and compound stresses. The questions are intended to help students learn and practice key concepts in mechanics of materials through problem solving. There are a total of 10 questions listed for each unit, addressing topics such as stress-strain behavior, thermal stresses, principal stresses, and Mohr's circle analysis. The document aims to equip students with practice questions to solidify their understanding of mechanics of materials.
A thermocouple junction is approximated as a sphere to measure the temperature of a gas stream. With given properties and a convection coefficient of 400 W/m2-K, the junction diameter needed for a time constant of 1 second is calculated. If the junction at 25°C is placed in a 200°C gas stream, it will take approximately 6 minutes to reach 199°C.
The document describes different types of brakes used in vehicles and their design considerations. It discusses block or shoe brakes, which use friction between brake blocks or shoes and a drum to slow rotation. Design factors include contact pressure, friction coefficient, drum velocity, and heat dissipation. Examples show how to calculate forces, torque, and heat generation for single and double block brakes. Pressure must not exceed limits to prevent damage to lining materials.
The document discusses torsion and stresses in circular shafts. It covers topics like net torque due to internal stresses, shear components, shaft deformations, stresses in the elastic range, failure modes, and examples of solving for stress and deformation in statically determinate and indeterminate shafts made of elastic and elastoplastic materials. Sample problems are included to demonstrate calculating stresses, strains, and required diameters for various shaft configurations under applied torques.
This document discusses mechanics of solid members subjected to torsional loads. It describes how torsion works, generating shear stresses in circular shafts. The key equations for relating applied torque (T) to shear stress (τ) and angle of twist (θ) are developed. For a solid circular shaft under torque T, the maximum shear stress τmax occurs at the outer surface and is equal to T/J, where J is the polar moment of inertia of the cross section. Power transmitted by a shaft is also defined as 2πNT, where N is rotational speed in revolutions per minute. Shear stress distribution and failure modes under yielding are also briefly covered.
1. The document provides 10 problems related to one-dimensional steady-state heat conduction. The problems involve determining temperature distributions, heat fluxes, heat transfer rates, and thermal resistances for various geometries including walls, pipes, spheres, and cylinders. The materials include aluminum, stainless steel, and other unspecified solids. Boundary conditions include specified temperatures, insulation, convection, and heat generation.
This document provides an introduction to mechanisms of machinery. It discusses key concepts like kinematics, which is the study of motion without regard to forces, and kinetics, which is the study of forces on systems in motion. It also defines mechanisms and machines, and distinguishes between the two. Important mechanism terminology is introduced, such as links, joints, degrees of freedom, and kinematic diagrams. Examples of kinematic diagrams are provided for a shear press and vise grips to illustrate how to draw the diagrams and identify the relevant components. Formulas for calculating the degree of freedom using Gruebler's equation and Kutzbach's equation are also presented.
This document discusses different types of hydraulic pumps, including their basic operating principles and comparisons. It provides equations to calculate pump parameters such as theoretical flow rate, volumetric displacement, efficiency, and torque. For example, it defines that positive displacement pumps capture and transfer fixed amounts of fluid, while centrifugal pumps impart velocity to fluid to create pressure. Gear pump displacement can be calculated based on gear dimensions. Pump efficiency is affected by factors like leakage and viscosity.
1) The document describes simple harmonic motion and cycloidal motion. Simple harmonic motion can be constructed by projecting points moving along a circle with constant angular velocity onto a diameter. Cycloidal motion is constructed using the locus of a point on a circle rolling along a straight line.
2) Formulas are provided to express the displacement, velocity, and acceleration of a follower in terms of cam rotation for simple harmonic motion. Corresponding formulas are also given for cycloidal motion.
3) Examples are given of constructing displacement diagrams for both simple harmonic motion and cycloidal motion using semicircles and a rolling circle respectively.
This document discusses steam nozzles and turbines. It begins by providing background on the development of steam turbines, including early innovators like de Laval and Parsons. It then covers key topics like the flow of steam through nozzles, different nozzle shapes, impulse and reaction turbines, compounding techniques, and applications of steam turbines. It includes diagrams of velocity diagrams and impulse turbine stages. It concludes with solved problems calculating steam velocities through nozzles using thermodynamic properties.
Springs are elastic machine elements that deflect under load and return to their original shape when the load is removed. This document discusses the design of helical compression springs. It defines spring terminology such as mean diameter, spring index, solid length, and pitch. It presents the load-stress and load-deflection equations for spring design. It also discusses stresses in springs, series and parallel spring connections, surge, and the design procedure for helical springs. As an example, it solves a problem involving the design of concentric springs for an aircraft engine valve.
This document discusses stresses in beams, specifically shear stresses. It covers five lectures on related topics like bending moment and shear force diagrams, bending stresses, shear stresses, deflection, and torsion. For shear stresses in beams with rectangular cross-sections, it explains that both normal and shear stresses are developed when loads produce both bending moments and shear forces. The maximum shear stress occurs at the center of the beam and its distribution is parabolic. Equations are provided for calculating shear stress values.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for both physical and mental health. It notes that regular exercise can reduce the risk of diseases like heart disease and diabetes, improve mood, and reduce feelings of stress and anxiety. The document recommends that adults get at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise per week to gain these benefits.
This document contains sample problems and solutions related to interest rates and time-money relationships. Some key points:
- Problems calculate simple and compound interest rates for various investment amounts and time periods.
- Questions determine future and present values of investments, loans, and annuities using compound interest formulas.
- Examples find equivalent uniform annual costs, retirement fund amounts, loan balances, and other financial calculations.
- Solutions walk through setting up and solving the compound interest and time value of money equations for each problem.
Here are the steps to solve this problem:
1. Power at 25% overload = 15 * 1.25 = 18.75 kW
2. Torque = Power / Speed = 18.75 * 1000 / 720 = 26 Nm
3. Engagement speed = 0.75 * 720 = 540 rpm
4. Given: No. of shoes = 4
Outside dia. of pulley = 35 cm = 0.35 m
Inside dia. of pulley rim = 32.5 cm = 0.325 m
Width of pulley = 25 cm = 0.25 m
5. Design the shoes and springs based on given data and centrifugal clutch formulae.
6. Check initial clearance between friction
The document discusses concepts related to stress analysis and design of structures including:
- Normal stress, shear stress, and bearing stress
- Stress analysis using statics to determine internal forces and stresses
- Design considerations like material selection and sizing based on allowable stresses
- Examples calculating stresses in rods, pins, and connections of a structure under a load.
This document discusses multi-pressure refrigeration systems. It explains that single-stage systems have limitations at very low evaporator or high condenser temperatures due to increased losses. Multi-stage systems address this by using multiple compression stages to reduce the temperature lift in each stage. Types of multi-stage systems include multi-compression, multi-evaporator, and cascade systems. Flash gas removal and intercooling can further improve the performance of multi-stage systems. Cascade systems use multiple refrigerants matched to different temperature ranges.
This document presents the final design project of a group for an INME 4012 class. It includes:
- A list of group members and diagrams of the drivetrain arrangement with shafts and sprockets.
- Details of preliminary calculations for forces, torques, and gear ratios needed.
- Specifications and analyses of the sprockets, shafts, bearings, and brakes designed to meet the requirements.
- Charts showing inertia, acceleration, and analysis results like weight and speed capabilities.
- A parts list and cost analysis of the designed drivetrain system.
This document provides information on various air standard cycles including the Carnot, Stirling, and Ericsson cycles. It discusses the processes and assumptions involved in each cycle. The key points are:
- The Carnot cycle consists of four reversible processes between two temperature reservoirs and defines the maximum theoretical efficiency. Its efficiency depends only on the temperature reservoirs.
- The Stirling cycle consists of two isothermal and two constant volume processes. It has the same maximum efficiency as the Carnot cycle when a perfect heat exchanger is used.
- The Ericsson cycle consists of two isothermal and two constant pressure processes. While not practical for piston engines, it approximates the gas turbine cycle. It produces higher
This presentation was prepared by Mechanical Engineering students during their Internal Combustion Course. Students belong to a very prestigious Engineering institute of Pakistan "University of Engineering and Technology Lahore"
Leaf springs are made of beams with uniform strength and are commonly used in automobiles. They consist of multiple leafs stacked together to form a cantilever beam. This distributes the load from the road across the leaves. Stress and deflection analyses show that the stress in the master leaf is 50% higher than in the graduated leaves. However, giving the master leaf a curvature through residual stresses can equalize the stresses across leaves and increase the total load capacity. Equations are derived relating load shared, stresses developed, and maximum deflection to the number and dimensions of leaves.
Slider Crank Mechanism for Four bar linkageijsrd.com
the slider crank mechanism is a particular four bar linkage configuration that exhibits both linear and rotational motion simultaneously. This mechanism is frequently utilized in undergraduate engineering courses to investigate machine kinematics and resulting dynamic forces. The position, velocity, acceleration and shaking forces generated by a slider crank mechanism during operation can be determined analytically. Certain factors are often neglected from analytical calculations, causing results to differ from experimental data. The study of these slight variances produces useful insight. The following report details the successful design, fabrication and testing of a pneumatically powered slider crank mechanism for the purpose of classroom demonstration and experimentation. Transducers mounted to the mechanism record kinematic and dynamic force data during operation, which can then be compared to analytical values. The mechanism is capable of operating in balanced and unbalanced configurations so that the magnitude of shaking forces can be compared. The engine was successfully manufactured and operates as intended. Data recorded by the device's accelerometers is comparable to calculated values of acceleration and shaking force.
Fundametals of HVAC Refrigeration and AirconditioningCharlton Inao
This course is designed to tackle the fundamentals of Heating, Ventilating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration as they relate to human comfort in residential and industrial design applications. The main focus of the course will be to examine the fundamental criteria involved in sizing and design of HVAC systems as well as to investigate the equipment used to satisfy the design criteria. The culmination part of the course is the design of air conditioning and ventilation of a commercial or residential building as a final project or case study.
Textbook chapter 2 air conditioning systemsCharlton Inao
This document provides an overview of air conditioning and ventilation systems. It discusses the common basic elements of air conditioning systems, including air handlers and fans, heating sources, refrigeration equipment, pumps, and controls. It describes the major components and functions of a typical commercial air conditioning system, including air handling units, chillers, cooling towers, boilers, and control systems. It also discusses considerations for system design such as zoning, equipment selection and arrangement, and energy transport methods.
The document discusses torsion and stresses in circular shafts. It covers topics like net torque due to internal stresses, shear components, shaft deformations, stresses in the elastic range, failure modes, and examples of solving for stress and deformation in statically determinate and indeterminate shafts made of elastic and elastoplastic materials. Sample problems are included to demonstrate calculating stresses, strains, and required diameters for various shaft configurations under applied torques.
This document discusses mechanics of solid members subjected to torsional loads. It describes how torsion works, generating shear stresses in circular shafts. The key equations for relating applied torque (T) to shear stress (τ) and angle of twist (θ) are developed. For a solid circular shaft under torque T, the maximum shear stress τmax occurs at the outer surface and is equal to T/J, where J is the polar moment of inertia of the cross section. Power transmitted by a shaft is also defined as 2πNT, where N is rotational speed in revolutions per minute. Shear stress distribution and failure modes under yielding are also briefly covered.
1. The document provides 10 problems related to one-dimensional steady-state heat conduction. The problems involve determining temperature distributions, heat fluxes, heat transfer rates, and thermal resistances for various geometries including walls, pipes, spheres, and cylinders. The materials include aluminum, stainless steel, and other unspecified solids. Boundary conditions include specified temperatures, insulation, convection, and heat generation.
This document provides an introduction to mechanisms of machinery. It discusses key concepts like kinematics, which is the study of motion without regard to forces, and kinetics, which is the study of forces on systems in motion. It also defines mechanisms and machines, and distinguishes between the two. Important mechanism terminology is introduced, such as links, joints, degrees of freedom, and kinematic diagrams. Examples of kinematic diagrams are provided for a shear press and vise grips to illustrate how to draw the diagrams and identify the relevant components. Formulas for calculating the degree of freedom using Gruebler's equation and Kutzbach's equation are also presented.
This document discusses different types of hydraulic pumps, including their basic operating principles and comparisons. It provides equations to calculate pump parameters such as theoretical flow rate, volumetric displacement, efficiency, and torque. For example, it defines that positive displacement pumps capture and transfer fixed amounts of fluid, while centrifugal pumps impart velocity to fluid to create pressure. Gear pump displacement can be calculated based on gear dimensions. Pump efficiency is affected by factors like leakage and viscosity.
1) The document describes simple harmonic motion and cycloidal motion. Simple harmonic motion can be constructed by projecting points moving along a circle with constant angular velocity onto a diameter. Cycloidal motion is constructed using the locus of a point on a circle rolling along a straight line.
2) Formulas are provided to express the displacement, velocity, and acceleration of a follower in terms of cam rotation for simple harmonic motion. Corresponding formulas are also given for cycloidal motion.
3) Examples are given of constructing displacement diagrams for both simple harmonic motion and cycloidal motion using semicircles and a rolling circle respectively.
This document discusses steam nozzles and turbines. It begins by providing background on the development of steam turbines, including early innovators like de Laval and Parsons. It then covers key topics like the flow of steam through nozzles, different nozzle shapes, impulse and reaction turbines, compounding techniques, and applications of steam turbines. It includes diagrams of velocity diagrams and impulse turbine stages. It concludes with solved problems calculating steam velocities through nozzles using thermodynamic properties.
Springs are elastic machine elements that deflect under load and return to their original shape when the load is removed. This document discusses the design of helical compression springs. It defines spring terminology such as mean diameter, spring index, solid length, and pitch. It presents the load-stress and load-deflection equations for spring design. It also discusses stresses in springs, series and parallel spring connections, surge, and the design procedure for helical springs. As an example, it solves a problem involving the design of concentric springs for an aircraft engine valve.
This document discusses stresses in beams, specifically shear stresses. It covers five lectures on related topics like bending moment and shear force diagrams, bending stresses, shear stresses, deflection, and torsion. For shear stresses in beams with rectangular cross-sections, it explains that both normal and shear stresses are developed when loads produce both bending moments and shear forces. The maximum shear stress occurs at the center of the beam and its distribution is parabolic. Equations are provided for calculating shear stress values.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for both physical and mental health. It notes that regular exercise can reduce the risk of diseases like heart disease and diabetes, improve mood, and reduce feelings of stress and anxiety. The document recommends that adults get at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise per week to gain these benefits.
This document contains sample problems and solutions related to interest rates and time-money relationships. Some key points:
- Problems calculate simple and compound interest rates for various investment amounts and time periods.
- Questions determine future and present values of investments, loans, and annuities using compound interest formulas.
- Examples find equivalent uniform annual costs, retirement fund amounts, loan balances, and other financial calculations.
- Solutions walk through setting up and solving the compound interest and time value of money equations for each problem.
Here are the steps to solve this problem:
1. Power at 25% overload = 15 * 1.25 = 18.75 kW
2. Torque = Power / Speed = 18.75 * 1000 / 720 = 26 Nm
3. Engagement speed = 0.75 * 720 = 540 rpm
4. Given: No. of shoes = 4
Outside dia. of pulley = 35 cm = 0.35 m
Inside dia. of pulley rim = 32.5 cm = 0.325 m
Width of pulley = 25 cm = 0.25 m
5. Design the shoes and springs based on given data and centrifugal clutch formulae.
6. Check initial clearance between friction
The document discusses concepts related to stress analysis and design of structures including:
- Normal stress, shear stress, and bearing stress
- Stress analysis using statics to determine internal forces and stresses
- Design considerations like material selection and sizing based on allowable stresses
- Examples calculating stresses in rods, pins, and connections of a structure under a load.
This document discusses multi-pressure refrigeration systems. It explains that single-stage systems have limitations at very low evaporator or high condenser temperatures due to increased losses. Multi-stage systems address this by using multiple compression stages to reduce the temperature lift in each stage. Types of multi-stage systems include multi-compression, multi-evaporator, and cascade systems. Flash gas removal and intercooling can further improve the performance of multi-stage systems. Cascade systems use multiple refrigerants matched to different temperature ranges.
This document presents the final design project of a group for an INME 4012 class. It includes:
- A list of group members and diagrams of the drivetrain arrangement with shafts and sprockets.
- Details of preliminary calculations for forces, torques, and gear ratios needed.
- Specifications and analyses of the sprockets, shafts, bearings, and brakes designed to meet the requirements.
- Charts showing inertia, acceleration, and analysis results like weight and speed capabilities.
- A parts list and cost analysis of the designed drivetrain system.
This document provides information on various air standard cycles including the Carnot, Stirling, and Ericsson cycles. It discusses the processes and assumptions involved in each cycle. The key points are:
- The Carnot cycle consists of four reversible processes between two temperature reservoirs and defines the maximum theoretical efficiency. Its efficiency depends only on the temperature reservoirs.
- The Stirling cycle consists of two isothermal and two constant volume processes. It has the same maximum efficiency as the Carnot cycle when a perfect heat exchanger is used.
- The Ericsson cycle consists of two isothermal and two constant pressure processes. While not practical for piston engines, it approximates the gas turbine cycle. It produces higher
This presentation was prepared by Mechanical Engineering students during their Internal Combustion Course. Students belong to a very prestigious Engineering institute of Pakistan "University of Engineering and Technology Lahore"
Leaf springs are made of beams with uniform strength and are commonly used in automobiles. They consist of multiple leafs stacked together to form a cantilever beam. This distributes the load from the road across the leaves. Stress and deflection analyses show that the stress in the master leaf is 50% higher than in the graduated leaves. However, giving the master leaf a curvature through residual stresses can equalize the stresses across leaves and increase the total load capacity. Equations are derived relating load shared, stresses developed, and maximum deflection to the number and dimensions of leaves.
Slider Crank Mechanism for Four bar linkageijsrd.com
the slider crank mechanism is a particular four bar linkage configuration that exhibits both linear and rotational motion simultaneously. This mechanism is frequently utilized in undergraduate engineering courses to investigate machine kinematics and resulting dynamic forces. The position, velocity, acceleration and shaking forces generated by a slider crank mechanism during operation can be determined analytically. Certain factors are often neglected from analytical calculations, causing results to differ from experimental data. The study of these slight variances produces useful insight. The following report details the successful design, fabrication and testing of a pneumatically powered slider crank mechanism for the purpose of classroom demonstration and experimentation. Transducers mounted to the mechanism record kinematic and dynamic force data during operation, which can then be compared to analytical values. The mechanism is capable of operating in balanced and unbalanced configurations so that the magnitude of shaking forces can be compared. The engine was successfully manufactured and operates as intended. Data recorded by the device's accelerometers is comparable to calculated values of acceleration and shaking force.
Fundametals of HVAC Refrigeration and AirconditioningCharlton Inao
This course is designed to tackle the fundamentals of Heating, Ventilating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration as they relate to human comfort in residential and industrial design applications. The main focus of the course will be to examine the fundamental criteria involved in sizing and design of HVAC systems as well as to investigate the equipment used to satisfy the design criteria. The culmination part of the course is the design of air conditioning and ventilation of a commercial or residential building as a final project or case study.
Textbook chapter 2 air conditioning systemsCharlton Inao
This document provides an overview of air conditioning and ventilation systems. It discusses the common basic elements of air conditioning systems, including air handlers and fans, heating sources, refrigeration equipment, pumps, and controls. It describes the major components and functions of a typical commercial air conditioning system, including air handling units, chillers, cooling towers, boilers, and control systems. It also discusses considerations for system design such as zoning, equipment selection and arrangement, and energy transport methods.
Air conditioning systems
2. Properties of moist air
3. Moist air processes
4. Space air conditioning
5. Indoor air quality--comfort and health
6. Heat transfer from human body
7. Heat transfer in building envelopes
8. Infiltration heat load and weatherizing
9. Computation of the heating load
10. Heat gain by solar radiation
11. Computation of the cooling load
12. Energy requirements for HVAC systems; building energy audit
13. Fans--performance, selection, and installation
14. Air flow in ducts and fittings
15. Design of duct systems
16. Codes & standards for building energy systems
17. Annual energy consumption
IRJET- Study of Heat Transfer Coefficient in Natural and Forced Convection by...IRJET Journal
The document describes an experimental study on heat transfer by natural and forced convection using brass rods with different surface finishes (plane, semi-rough, and fully rough). An experimental setup was designed to measure the heat transfer coefficient. Brass rods were heated electrically and thermocouples measured the temperature distribution. Experiments were conducted with and without airflow over the rods. The results showed higher heat transfer coefficients and more uniform temperature distributions with forced convection compared to natural convection. Calculations were presented to determine heat transfer rates, average temperatures, heat transfer coefficients, and other parameters for different test conditions.
IRJET- CFD Analysis and Optimization of Heat Transfer Basket Element Profiles...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses CFD analysis and optimization of heat transfer basket element profiles in a Ljungstrom Air Preheater.
2) The analysis found that the Notched Corrugated profile provided lower flue gas outlet temperatures and higher air outlet temperatures compared to other profiles, improving heat transfer efficiency.
3) Temperature contour results from the CFD analysis showed how temperatures are distributed from the hot flue gases to the cold inlet air within the different element profiles.
Power Knot:: Coefficient of Performance, Energy Efficiency Ratio, and Seasona...PowerKnotLLC
This document discusses various metrics used to measure the efficiency of air conditioning systems, including COP, EER, SEER, and HSPF. It explains that COP, EER, SEER, and HSPF measure the ratio of cooling/heating output to power input, with higher numbers indicating greater efficiency. The document provides equations to convert between these metrics and discusses minimum efficiency standards set by the US Department of Energy.
Engineers often use softwares to perform gas compressor calculations to estimate compressor duty, temperatures, adiabatic & polytropic efficiencies, driver & cooler duty. In the following exercise, gas compressor calculations for a pipeline composition are shown as an example case study.
IRJET- Enhancement of COP of Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle using CFDIRJET Journal
This document discusses enhancing the coefficient of performance (COP) of a vapor compression refrigeration cycle using computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
It presents a study that uses a diffuser between the compressor and condenser to reduce the kinetic energy of the refrigerant leaving the compressor. This lowers the power input to the compressor, thereby improving the COP. Experimental results found adding a 15 degree divergence angle diffuser increased the COP from 3.83 to 5.55, a 31% enhancement.
The experimental results are validated using CFD modeling and analysis software. Modeling and meshing is done in ICEMCFD, analysis in CFX, and post-processing in CFD POST to verify the COP improvement
Experimental Investigation of Natural Convection Heat Transfer Enhancement fr...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental investigation of natural convection heat transfer from rectangular fin arrays with combinations of V-notches and perforations. Four fin array configurations were tested: one without notches or perforations (un-notched), and three with different combinations of V-notches and perforations removing different percentages of the fin area. The fin arrays were heated to different temperatures and the resulting heat transfer coefficients were measured and compared. The results showed that the combination of V-notches and perforations both increased the surface area and the turbulence near the fins, allowing more air contact and higher heat transfer coefficients compared to the un-notched fins. Among the configurations tested, the fin array with 20% of its area removed
This document appears to be a question paper for an engineering thermodynamics exam consisting of multiple choice and numerical problems. It covers topics like thermodynamic equilibrium, Carnot cycle efficiency, ideal gas properties, vaporization enthalpy, adiabatic saturation temperature, gas turbine cycle analysis, heat pumps, refrigeration, steam power cycles, psychrometrics, and Maxwell relations. The problems involve calculations related to compression, expansion, heat transfer, work, efficiency, and using properties from thermodynamic tables and charts.
This document summarizes an analysis of energy losses in compressors used at United Nigerian Textile Limited in Kaduna, Nigeria. The author conducted experiments on the compressors and simulated the results using Hysys simulation software. The experimental results found annual energy savings of 11,700 kWh/yr and cost savings of N99450/yr from reducing losses. Simulation results validated the experimental findings and determined additional compressor performance parameters such as a polytropic efficiency of 74.26%. The analysis provides a method for evaluating energy losses and savings in compressor systems.
This document discusses air cycle refrigeration systems used in aircraft cabin cooling. It begins by introducing air cycle refrigeration and its advantages for aircraft applications. It then describes the ideal reverse Brayton cycle and compares it to the Carnot cycle. Key concepts of compression, expansion, and heat transfer processes are explained. Actual cycle analysis accounts for irreversibilities. Common aircraft refrigeration cycles are introduced, including the simple cycle and bootstrap system. The bootstrap system improves on the simple cycle by using a secondary compressor to boost efficiency during high-speed flight when ram air is available.
This document provides shortcut methods for selecting multistage centrifugal compressors developed by Don Hallock of Elliott Company. The key steps are:
1. Determine the inlet flow rate (Q1) using known parameters like flow rate, pressure, and temperature.
2. Determine the head (H) using known parameters like pressure ratio and temperature.
3. Determine the minimum number of stages using the head and molecular weight.
4. Determine compressor size, speed, and flange sizes using the inlet flow rate.
5. Determine horsepower requirement using known parameters like flow rate and head.
Additional guidance is provided for selecting compressors for cooled compression and variable flow applications. Judgment is
This document summarizes the application of pinch technology to optimize heat integration in a crude organic distillation unit. It provides an overview of the unit's process and existing heat exchanger network. A heat and material balance is developed from available data. Pinch analysis techniques are then applied, including constructing composite curves from extracted stream data and determining minimum hot and cold utility targets. The analysis identifies opportunities to reduce utility usage through improved heat recovery and exchange network design according to pinch analysis principles.
Numericals on Raciprocating air compressor.ppthappycocoman
The document contains 7 problems related to analyzing reciprocating air compressors. Problem 1 involves calculating the ideal volumetric efficiency and power input of a single-stage compressor. Problem 2 requires determining the power, volumetric efficiency, and time to deliver air for a single-acting compressor. Problem 3 involves calculating the actual volumetric efficiency, mass flow rate, speed, and power input of a single-stage compressor filling a receiver.
Artículo evaluation of air heater performance and acurracy of the resultsCaro Cuadras
This document evaluates the performance of an air heater that was replaced at a power plant as part of an efficiency improvement program. It describes a method for accurately evaluating air heater performance using the ASME standard method and incorporating vendor-supplied performance curves. An uncertainty analysis estimates the error in calculating the fully corrected flue gas outlet temperature, which is compared to the design value to assess air heater performance.
(1) The document provides a sample conventional paper with multiple questions covering topics in thermodynamics, heat transfer, fluid mechanics, refrigeration, and other mechanical engineering topics.
(2) Questions cover calculating efficiency of Carnot cycle, lumped capacity analysis, heat transfer of a steel sphere, normal shock relations, jet vane efficiency, specific speed of turbines, flow rates through orifice and venturi plates, pump performance, Joule-Thomson coefficient relations, refrigerant properties, thermostatic expansion valve sizing, flash evaporator entropy generation, heat exchanger sizing, hydrostatic force on a gate, diesel engine performance, psychrometric processes, and air conditioning load and ventilation calculations
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This document discusses the use of an "over-conductivity function" to model the natural cooling process in steam turbines. It summarizes previous research on modeling natural cooling and validates the over-conductivity approach on three additional turbines. The over-conductivity function replaces complex fluid dynamics with an equivalent higher conductivity, allowing faster simulations while maintaining 15-18°C accuracy compared to temperature measurements during natural cooling periods of over 100 hours.
This document discusses air conditioning and ventilation systems. It is authored by Engr. Charlton Inao, who is a mechanical engineer and certified in air conditioning and refrigeration by TESDA. The document focuses on team formation for projects related to air conditioning and ventilation systems.
Air conditioning systems
2. Properties of moist air
3. Moist air processes
4. Space air conditioning
5. Indoor air quality--comfort and health
6. Heat transfer from human body
7. Heat transfer in building envelopes
8. Infiltration heat load and weatherizing
9. Computation of the heating load
10. Heat gain by solar radiation
11. Computation of the cooling load
12. Energy requirements for HVAC systems; building energy audit
13. Fans--performance, selection, and installation
14. Air flow in ducts and fittings
15. Design of duct systems
16. Codes & standards for building energy systems
17. Annual energy consumption
This document discusses fundamentals of adiabatic dryer systems. It defines key terms like bone dry mass and explains the relationships between dryer feed, product, and capacity. Mass and energy balance equations are presented for analyzing dryer processes. Sample exam problems are provided to calculate air required for drying, dryer capacity based on air flow rate and conditions, and heat supplied to remove a given amount of moisture.
Air conditioning systems
2. Properties of moist air
3. Moist air processes
4. Space air conditioning
5. Indoor air quality--comfort and health
6. Heat transfer from human body
7. Heat transfer in building envelopes
8. Infiltration heat load and weatherizing
9. Computation of the heating load
10. Heat gain by solar radiation
11. Computation of the cooling load
12. Energy requirements for HVAC systems; building energy audit
13. Fans--performance, selection, and installation
14. Air flow in ducts and fittings
15. Design of duct systems
16. Codes & standards for building energy systems
17. Annual energy consumption
This document discusses methods for calculating heat loads and indoor design conditions for HVAC systems. It describes two types of heat losses from buildings as transmitted through surfaces and from outdoor air infiltration. It provides equations for estimating space temperatures and outlines the outdoor and indoor design temperature selection process. Further sections cover transmission heat losses through surfaces and infiltration heat losses, describing the air-change and crack methods for calculating infiltration rates.
The course is designed to explore the entrepreneurial mindset and culture, utilizing a technology or engineering background. This fits into goals of starting a company or being involved in an entrepreneurial or R&D effort in companies of all sizes and industries. The course is also applicable in training future scientist and engineers to participate in in business ventures and Research and Development (R&D) activities.
Nme 515 air conditioning and ventilation systems for submissionCharlton Inao
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Moist air properties and conditioning processes
Chapter 3 Air-conditioning systems
Chapter 4 Indoor and outdoor design conditions
Chapter 5 Space air diffusion and duct design
Chapter 6 Heat transmission in building structures
Chapter 7 Solar radiation
Chapter 8 Infiltration and ventilation
Chapter 9 Cooling/heating load calculations
Chapter 10 Building energy calculations
Ched cmo 2018 2019 bsme curriculum and syllabusCharlton Inao
This document outlines courses in electronics and electrical machinery for a mechanical engineering program. It provides details on two courses:
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Nme 516 industrial processes for canvasCharlton Inao
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Pe 4030 ch 2 sensors and transducers part 2 flow level temp light oct 7, 2016Charlton Inao
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Ansys flat top cylinder with fillet 35 mpa 12 25 version 2Charlton Inao
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Wk 6 part 2 non linearites and non linearization april 05Charlton Inao
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Pe 4030 ch 2 sensors and transducers part 1 final sept 20 2016Charlton Inao
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4. Mosca vol I -Fisica-Tipler-5ta-Edicion-Vol-1.pdf
fUNDAMENTALS OF hvac
1. AIR CONDITIONING and VENTILATION SYSTEMS
NME 515
Heating, Ventilating, and Air
Conditioning
ANALYSIS and DESIGN
Engr. Charlton Inao, ME
TESDA TVET NC Level 3 RAC-CRE Certified
17/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
2. INTRODUCTION
Engr. Charlton Inao, ME
TESDA TVET NC Level 3 RAC-
CRE Certified
2
Reference: Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning
ANALYSIS and DESIGN by F Mc Quiston, and JD Parker
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
3. 1-2 UNITS AND DIMENSIONS
In HVAC computations as in all engineering work,
consistent units must be employed. A unit is a specific
quantitative measure of a physical characteristic in
reference to a standard.
37/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
4. 1-2 UNITS AND DIMENSIONS
47/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
5. 1-2 UNITS AND DIMENSIONS
57/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
6. 1-2 UNITS AND DIMENSIONS
67/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
7. 1-2 UNITS AND DIMENSIONS
7
EXAMPLE 1-1
Describe the quantity of pressure equal to 1000 N/m2 in
suggested SI terminology.
SOLUTION
1000 can be described by the prefix kilo (k). The N/m2
has the special name of pascal.
Therefore,
1000N/m2 = 1 kilo pascal 1 kPa
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
8. 1-2 UNITS AND DIMENSIONS
8
EXAMPLE 1-2
A certain corkboard has a thermal conductivity of 0.025
Btu/(hr-ft-F). Convert this quantity to the equivalent SI
value.
SOLUTION
According to the conversion factor given in the inside
front cover, to convert from Btu/(hr-ft-F) to W/(m-C)
you must divide the given value by 0.5778.
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
9. 1-2 UNITS AND DIMENSIONS
9
EXAMPLE 1-2
.
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
10. 1-2 UNITS AND DIMENSIONS
10
Because the prefix centi is to be avoided if possible
(Table 1-3), the quantity is expressed as shown. Notice
that the final quantity is not expressed to any more
significant figures than the original quantity, in this case
two.
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
11. 1-2 UNITS AND DIMENSIONS
11
The relationship between temperature on the Kelvin
Scale and temperature on the Celsius scale is,
For example, 100 C is identical to 373.15 K.
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
12. 1-2 UNITS AND DIMENSIONS
12
In the English Engineering system the unit of
temperature is the degree Fahrenheit. When the
thermodynamic absolute temperature is needed, the
temperature is specified in degrees Rankine (R). The
relationship between the Fahrenheit scale and the
Rankine scale is
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
13. 1-2 UNITS AND DIMENSIONS
13
Since both the Rankine and Kelvin scales are absolute
scales, absolute zero is identical on each scale. The
relationship between the Rankine scale and the Kelvin
scale is
For example, 900 R is identical in temperature to 500 K.
The relationship between the four temperature scales is
given in Fig. 1-1. Consistent units must always be
employed in physical computations.
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
14. 1-2 UNITS AND DIMENSIONS
14
The relationship between the Btu and the ft-Ibf is
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
15. 1-2 UNITS AND DIMENSIONS
157/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
16. 1-2 UNITS AND DIMENSIONS
16
EXAMPLE 1-3
A system is known to contain 100 Btu of thermal energy
and 30,000 ft-lbf of mechanical energy. What is the total
energy (mechanical plus thermal) contained by the
system in Btu?
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
17. 1-2 UNITS AND DIMENSIONS
17
SOLUTION
Use Eq. 1-4 as a conversion factor.
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
18. 1-2 UNITS AND DIMENSIONS
18
SOLUTION
In this example notice that an equation (Eq.1-4) was
changed to a conversion factor by simple algebra. Also
note that the answer was rounded off to three
significant figures to match the accuracy of the given
data.
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
19. 1-2 UNITS AND DIMENSIONS
19
Since 778.28 (ft-lbf)lBtu is equivalent to unity, it can be
placed in the appropriate term in such a way as to
cancel the undesired units, and yet not change the true
value of the physical quantity represented by the term.
In Example 1-3, 30,000 ft-lbf of energy is identical to
38.5 Btu of energy.
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
20. 1-2 UNITS AND DIMENSIONS
20
From Table 1-2 we see that the derived unit of
energy in the SI system is the joule, which is
equivalent to one newton-meter. The derived
unit of power in the SI system is the watt,
which is equivalent to one joule per second.
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
21. 1-2 UNITS AND DIMENSIONS
21
EXAMPLE 1-4
The specific heat of air at normal conditions is
approximately equal to 0.241 Btu/(1bm-F). Express this
value ofthe specific heat of air in SI units, joule per
kilogram, and degree.
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
22. 1-2 UNITS AND DIMENSIONS
22
SOUTlON
From the conversion factor given in the inside cover, the
following relationship is true
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
23. 1-3 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
23
Heating
Heating is the transfer of energy to a space or to the air
in a space by virtue of a difference in temperature
between the source and the space or air. This process
may take different forms'.such as direct radiation and
free convection to the space, direct heating of forced
circulated air, or through heating of water that is
circulated to the vicinity of the space and used to heat
the circulated air.
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
24. 1-3 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
24
Heat transfer, which is manifested in a rise in
temperature of the air, is called sensible heat
transfer.
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
25. 1-3 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
25
The rate of sensible heat transfer can be related to the
rise in temperature of an air stream being heated by
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
26. 1-3 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
26
The specific volume and the volume How rate of the air
are usually specified at the inlet conditions. Note that
the mass flow rate of the air th, equal to the volume
flow rate divided by the specific volume, is considered
not to change between inlet and outlet. The specific
heat is assumed to be an average value.
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
27. 1-3 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
27
EXAMPLE 1-5
Determine the rate at which heat must be added in
Btulhr to a 3000 cfm air stream to change its
temperature from 70 to 120 F. Assume an inlet air
specific volume of 13.5 ft3/Ibm and a specific heat of
0.24 Btu/(Ibm-F).
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
28. 1-3 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
28
SOLUTION
The heat being added is sensible as it is contributing to
the temperature change of the air stream. Eq. 1-5
applies.
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
29. 1-3 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
29
Humidifying
The transfer of water vapor to atmospheric air is
referred to as humidification. Heat transfer is associated
with this mass transfer process; however, the transfer of
mass and energy are manifested in an increase in the
concentration of water in the air-water vapor mixture.
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
30. 1-3 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
30
The latent energy required in a humidifying process can
be calculated if the rate at which water is being
vaporized and the enthalpy of vaporization (latent
enthalpy) are known. The relation is
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
31. 1-3 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
31
EXAMPLE 1-6
It is desired to add 0.0 I Ibm of water vapor to each
pound of perfectly dry air flowing at the rate of 3000
cfm using saturated (liquid) water in the humidifier.
Assuming a value of 1061 Btu/lbm for the enthalpy of
vaporization of water, estimate the rate of latent energy
input necessary to perform this humidification of the air
stream.
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
32. 1-3 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
32
SOLUTION
Since the rate ofwater addition is tied to the mass ofthe
air, we must determine the mass flow rate of the air
stream. Let us assume that the specific volume of the
air given in Example 1-1 is a suitable.value to use in this
case; then
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
34. PROBLEMS
34
1-1. Write the following quantities in the suggested SI
terminology.
(a) 11,000 newton per square meter
(b) 12.000 watts
(c) 1600 joule per kilogram
(d) 101,101 pascal
(e) 12,000 kilowatt
(f) 0.012 meter
(g) 0.0000012 second
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
35. PROBLEMS
35
1-2. Convert the following quantities from English to SI
units.
(a) 98 Btu/(hr-ft-F)
(b) 0.24 Btul(lbm-p)
(c) 0.04 Ibml(ft-hr)
(d) 1050 Btu/lbm
(e) 1.0 ton (cooling)
(f) 14.7 Ibf/in.2
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
36. PROBLEMS
36
1-3. Convert the following quantities from SI to English
units.
(a) 120 kPa
(b) 100 W/(m2-C)
(c) 0.8 W/(m2-C)
(d) 10-6 (N-s)/m2
(e) 1200 kW
(f)1000 kJ/kg
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
37. PROBLEMS
37
1-4. The kinetic energy of a flowing fluid is proportional
to the velocity squared divided by two. Compute the
kinetic energy per unit mass for the following velocities
in the unIts indicated.
(a) velocity of 100 ft/sec; English units
(b) velocity of 60 m/s; SI units
(c) velocity of 400 ft/sec; SI units
(d) velocity of 500 m/s; English units
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
38. PROBLEMS
38
1-5. The potential energy of a fluid is proportional to
the elevation of the fluid. Compute the potential energy
for the elevations given below per unit mass.
(a) elevation of 200 ft; English units
(b) elevation of 70 m; SI units
(c) elevation of 120 ft; SI units
(d) elevation of 38 m; English units
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
39. PROBLEMS
39
1-6. A gas is contained in a vertical cylinder with a
frictionless piston. Compute the pressure in the
cylinder for the following cases.
(a) piston mass of 20 Ibm and area of 7 in2
(b) piston mass of 10 kg and diameter of 100 mm
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
40. PROBLEMS
40
1-7. A pump develops, a total head of 50 ft of water
under a given operating condition. What pressure is the
pump developing in SI units and tenninology?
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
41. PROBLEMS
41
1-8. A fan is observed to operate with a pressure
difference of 4 in. of water. What is the pressure
difference in SI units and terminology?
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
42. PROBLEMS
42
1-9. Compute the Reynolds number
for 21 C water flowing in a standard 2-in. pipe at a
velocity of 1 m/s using SI units. Tables B-3b and D-1
will be useful. What is the Reynolds number in English
units?
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
45. PROBLEMS
45
1-10. Compute the thermal diffusivity
of the following substances in SI units.
(a) saturated liquid water at 38 C
(b) air at 47 C and 101.3 kPa
(c) saturated liquid refrigerant 22 at 38 C
(d) saturated liquid refrigerant 12 at 38 C
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
46. PROBLEMS
46
1-11. Compute the Prandtl number
for the following substances in SI units.
(a) saturated liquid water at 10 C
(b) saturated liquid water at 60 C
(c) air at 20 C
(d) saturated liquid refrigerant 22 at 38 C
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
47. PROBLEMS
47
1-12. Compute the heat transferred from water as it
flows through a heat exchanger at a steady rate of 1
m3/s. The decrease in temperature of the water is 5 C
and the mean bulk temperature is 60 C. Use SI units.
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
48. PROBLEMS
48
1-13. Make the following volume and mass flow rate
calculations in SI units. (a)Water flowing at an average
velocity of 2 m/s in nominal 2
1
2
-in., type L copper
tubing. (b) Standard air flowing at an average velocity
of 4 m/s in a 0.3 in. diameter duct.
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
49. PROBLEMS
49
1-14. A room with dimensions of 3 ×10 × 20 m is
estimated to have outdoor air brought in at an
infiltration rate of
1
4
volume change per hour. Determine
the infiltration rate i m3/s.
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
50. PROBLEMS
50
1-15. Air enters a heat exchanger at a rate of 5000
cubic feet per minute at a temperature of 50 F and
pressure of 14.7 psia. The air is heated by hot water
flowing in the same exchanger at a rate of 11,200
pounds per hour with a decrease in temperature of 10
F. At what temperature does the air leave the heat
exchanger?
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
51. PROBLEMS
51
1-16. Water flowing at a rate of 1.5 kg/s through a heat
exchanger heats air from 20 C to 30 C flowing at a rate
2.4 m3/s. The water enters at a temperature of 90 C
and the air is at 0.1 MPa. At what temperature does the
water leave the exchanger?
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
52. PROBLEMS
52
1-17. Air at a mean temperature of 50 F flows over a
thin-wall 1-in. O.D. tube, 10 feet in length, which has
condensing water vapor flowing inside at a pressure of
14.7 psia. Compute the heat transfer rate if the average
heat transfer coefficient between the air and tube
surface is 10 Btu/(hr-ft2-F).
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
53. PROBLEMS
53
1-18. Repeat Problem 1-17 for air at 10 C, a tube with
diameter 25 mm, a stream pressure of 101 kPa, and a
tube length of 4 m, and find the heat transfer
coefficient in SI units if the heat transfer rate is 1250 W.
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
54. PROBLEMS
54
1-19. Air at 1 atm and 76 F is flowing at the rate of
5000 cfin. At what rate must energy be removed, in
Btu/hr, to change the temperature to 58 F assuming
that no dehumidification occurs?
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao
55. PROBLEMS
55
1-20. Air flowing at the rate of 1000 cfm and with a
temperature of 80 F is mixed with 600cfm of air at 50 F.
Use Eq. 1-5 to estimate the final temperature of the
mixed air. Assume cp = 0.24 Btu/(Ibm-F) for both
streams.
7/19/2020 Engr. Charlton Inao