The powerpoint contains details of weed management in rubber by different methods and photos of some weeds in rubber plantation

1. WEED MANAGEMENT IN RUBBER

2. INTRODUCTION
• Hevea brasiliensis is a most commercially cultivated rubber
tree.Used for erasers to tyres,tubes and industrial products.
• perennial tree growing up to a height of 25 to 30 metres..
• The rubber tree may live for a hundred years or even more. But
its economic life period in plantations, on general
considerations is, only around 32 years – 7 years of immature
phase and 25 years of productive phase.
• Commercial cultivation of rubber in India was started in 1902.
• India is the third largest producer of rubber in the world
followed by Thailand , Indonesia.
• In india ,kerala is the largest state of rubber producer.

3. COMMON WEEDS IN RUBBER
 Borreria sp.- Button weed
 Chromolaena odorata - Siam weed
 Lantana aculeate - Lantana
 Mimosa pudica – T ouch-me-not
 Clerodendron sp.
 Mikania micrantha - Mile-a-minute
 Sida sp.
 Imperata cylindrica
 Pennisetum sp.- Napier grass
 Axonopus sp.- Carpet grass
 Paspalum sp.
 Digitaria sp.- Tropical crab grass
 Cynodon dactylon - Bermuda grass

4. GRASSES
 Axanopus affinis (carpet grass)
 Panicum repens (couch grass)
 Paspalam conjugatum
(sour grass)
 Imperata cylindrica
 Lophatherum gracile
 Digitaria longiflora
 Pennisetum polystachyon
 Cynodon dactylon
 Ottochloa nodosa
 Brachiaria brizantha

5. Axanopus affinis
Panicum repens
Paspalam conjugatum
Imperata cylindrica

6. Digitaria longiflora
Penrisetum polystachyon
Ottochloa nodosa

7. Lophatherum gracile
Brachiaria brizantha

8. FERNS
1. Gleichenia linearis
2. Adiantum
3. Nephrolepis
Adiantum
Nephrolepis
Gleichenia linearis

9. BROAD LEAVES WEEDS
 Mikania scandens
 Hedyotis auricularia
 Drymatia cordata
 Centella asiatica
 Crassocephalum crepidiodes
 Mimosa pudica
 Tridax procumbens
 Clerodendron infortunatum
 Ageratum conyzoides
 Eupatorium
 Commelina indica
 Borreria ocymoides
 Emilia javanica

10. Mikania scandens
Hedyotis auricularia
Drymatia cordata
Centella asiatica

11. Crassocephalum crepidiodes
Mimosa pudica
Tridax procumbens
Clerodendiron infortunatum

12. Ageratum conyzoides
Eupatorium
Commelina indica

13. Borreria ocymoides
Emilia javanica

14. METHODS OF WEED CONTROL
• Manual
• Cultural
• Chemical
• Integrated weed management

15. MANUAL
• Slashing, scraping, uprooting
• Manual clean weeding will expose soils to erosion,
mulching should be done immediately after weeding.
• Up to 4 year after planting-Manual weeding on
planting strips & Overall weeding in the inter rows at 4
times/year
• 5th year onwards-2 times/year

17. CULTURAL
COVER CROPPING:
Peuraria phaseoloides
Mucuna bracteata
Calopogonium mucunoides
Centrosema pubescens
Mucuna bracteata
Peuraria phaseoloides

18. Calopogonium mucunoides
Centrosema pubescens

19. CHEMICAL
PRE EMERGENT :
Diuron 2.5 Kg a.i/ha in 700 L of water
Simazine or Cyanazine 1-2 Kg/ha

20. POST EMERGENT:
Broad leaved weeds
• 2,4-D -1.25 Kg in 500-600L of water/ha
• 4 rounds at an interval of 6-8 weeks
Over all weed control
• Glyphosate -2 L in 200 L of water/ha
• 2-3 rounds at 3 months interval

22. • Seedling nursery
• Immature Rubber
• Mature Rubber
• Mechanical weed cutter
Weed Management at Different Stages

23. Seedling Nursery
Application of pre-emergent herbicide
diuron at 2.5 kg / ha is effective in controlling
weeds for 6-7 weeks.

24. Immature Rubber
In the newly cleared areas, the growth of weeds is
fast as the soil and climatic conditions are favourable.
Management of weeds can be done either manually or with
the use of post- emergent herbicides.

25. Mature Rubber
As the trees grow old, the foliage is at a great
height from the ground which permits more sunlight into
the inter row spaces. By slash weeding or by the use of
herbicides weeds are controlled.

26. Mechanical weed cutter
Mechanical weed cutters are now
available. These machines can be operated by
single person and is operated on petrol

27. Integrated Weed Management
This approach involves an integration of
manual and chemical weed control methods
along with the establishment of cover crop during
the first year itself which helps in smothering
weeds in the inter spaces and thereby reducing
the usage of herbicide to the minimum.
Application of herbicides in the plant basin alone
and slash weeding the remaining inter plant area
along the planting strip was found to be cost
effective and sustainable.

28. KAU- POP RECOMMENDATION FOR
WEED MANAGEMENT IN RUBBER
• Manual
• Chemical-herbicides
• Mechanical- weed cutter saves 40-50%
weeding cost

29. Herbicides and their dosage
Name of
Chemical
Dose/ha Frequency
of
application
Target
weeds
Quantity
/L Water
Volume of
water(L)/
effective ha
Paraquat +
2,4-D
(Tank mix)
2.25 L*
1.25 Kg**
4 rounds at
an interval
of 6-8 weeks
Grass
weeds and
broad
leaved
weeds
4.5ml*
2.5 g**
500-600
Glyphoste
2 L***
2-3 rounds
at 3 months
interval and
spot
application
of 0.5 to
2.5L
Paraquat/ha
Grass
weeds and
broad
leaved
weeds
5.0 ml*** 4oo
Formulation of 20%EC*, 80% WP**, 41%SL***

30. Article
• Tiltle: Integrated weed management in the
planting strips of rubber
• Author(s):George,s.;Philip,V.;Joseph,K.;
Punnoose,K.I.;Mathew,T.P.
• Author Affiliation : Rubber Research Institute
of India, Kottayam, Kerala.
• Journal article : Natural Rubber Research,2004
Vol.17 No.2 pp.121-125.

31. ABSTRACT:
The efficacy of different weed management
methods for immature rubber was evaluated in a field
experiment in Kerala, India from 1995 to 1999.
Treatments :
1. manual (scraping and slashing)
2. chemical (glyphosate and paraquat+2,4-D)
as well as their combinations to control weeds
along the planting strips and plant basins. Application
of glyphosate in the entire planting strip was the most
cost-effective method. The integrated approach of
spraying glyphosate in the plant basin and slash
weeding the remaining area was also found to be cost-
effective and eco-friendly.

32. Article
Title: A New Weed Management Approach to
Improve Soil Health in a Tropical Plantation
Crop, Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis)
Author: Abraham Joshua
Affiliation: Agronomy/Soils Division, Rubber
Research Institute of India, Kottayam,
Kerala.
Journal: Experimental Agriculture,Vol 52.No
1,2016; PP: 36-50.

33. Abstract:
Rubber fields with and without control
of under-flora were investigated for different soil
properties, biomass and nutrients of under-flora and
rubber yield. The ‘no-weeding' practice for about 10
years in the rubber fields significantly improved the soil
OC, N, available forms K and Mg, respiration rate and
moisture status. The biomass and associated nutrients
of under-flora also were much higher while the rubber
yield was not negatively affected in the ‘no-weeding'
fields. The new weed management system is of great
significance in improving soil quality, carbon
sequestration and biodiversity conservation, besides
the economic and energy savings without affecting
crop yield.