Jute Prodn Technology R K DE 2015

1. IMPROVED TECHNOLOGY FOR
JUTE CULTIVATION
ICAR - Central Research Institute for Jute
and Allied Fibres,
Barrackpore, Kolkata
A.K. GHORAI and RAJIB KUMAR DE

2. JUTE : ECOFRIENDLY AND GOLDEN FIBRE CROP
• Jute is one of the most important
commercial fibre crop in india, second to
cotton.
• Two species: Corchorus olitorius L. and C.
capsularis L.
• Ratio 25:75 in 1950-51 and 80:20 in 2002-03
• One tonne of jute fibre :
– Comes from 4 tonnes green biomass
– Fixes 6 tons of CO2
– Adds 3 m tonnes dry leaves
– Incorporates 90:30:80 x 1000 tonnes
NPK to soil
– Gives 7.5 m tonnes dry sticks: poor
mans’ fuel
– 4.5 m tonnes biomass to retting water
and to fertilize soil

3. JUTE : GLOBAL SCENARIO
• Commercial cultivation of jute is restricted to Indian subcontinent
only.
• Major producers are India (62.3%), Bangladesh (28.2%), China
(6.48%), Myanmar (1.4 %), Thiland (1%) and Nepal (0.5%).
• Jute contributes to 14 % of total fibre consumption of technical
textiles.
• Area, production and productivity of jute in India are 789 thousand
ha, 10872 thousand bales (I bale = 180 kg) and 24.66 q/ha (2013-14).
• Production and productivity of jute increased from 7 to 100 lakh
bales and 10 to 100 q /ha in post partition (1947) to present.
• Major jute producing states are West Bengal, Bihar, and Assam
contributing respectively 77.4, 13.3, and 7.3 % (NJB, Govt of India).
• In West Bengal, major producing districts are Murshidabad, Nadia,
Malda, Hooghly (27 q/ha), Howrah, North 24 Parganas, North and
South Dinajpur and Cooch Behar.

4. JUTE AT CROSS ROADS :
Competition with synthetic fibres
Synthetic fibres threaten life and environment.
They are non-biodegardable, allergic and
carcinogenic, skin irritant, often neurotic.
Pollute atmosphere by producing huge SO2 and
CO2 during production.
Consumes more energy for production.
WTO advices to use natural fibres for packaging
food and food materials.
Jute has immense opportunity and potential as
future fibre.

5. 901
1107
1860
1460
1674
1620
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Area (000 ha)
Yield kg/ha
Production (000 tonnes)
Area, yieldand productionof Jute in Indiaover long period
7%
2%
75%
1%
13%
2%
Assam
Odisha
West Bengal
Andhra Pradesh
Bihar
Others
West Bengal
Contributionof states to productionof Jute in India
Jute : Area, yield and production in India
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), IJSG, Dhaka 2015.
Popularity of jute has been declining nowadays among producers due to
competition with cheap synthetics but jute would emerge soon with stronger
positive attributes of eco-friendliness with more oxygen producing, carbon
dioxide absorbing and higher fuel wood producing capabilities, apart from its
biodegradable diversified products.

6. Variety and sowing time:
( For upland and Medium lands)
Early Sowing date: 15th March to 1th April.
Variety: JRO-524,JRO-7835,JRO-878andJRO-8432,JRO-
128, S-19,etc.
Seed rate
Olitorius jute: 3-5 kg/ha(Sowing through Seed drill).
Capsularis jute: 7kg/ha (JRC-7447,JRC-212 etc).

7. A. Normal time sown jute
Sowing date: 15th
April to 30th April.
Variety : JRO-524, JRO-
7835, JRO-878, JRO-8432,
JRO-66, JRO-632, S-19, JRO
204, etc.
Seed rate
 Olitorius jute: 3-5 kg/ha
(Sowing through Seed drill).
 Capsularis jute: 7 kg/ha
(JRC-7447, JRC-212 etc).

8. B. Late sown jute
 Sowing date: First to
2nd week of May , on
availability of assured rain
to create field capacity for
assured jute seed
germination.
 Variety: JRO-524, JRO-
7835, JRO-878 and JRO-
8432 , JRO-66, JRO-632, S-
19, etc.
 Seed rate: 3-5 kg/ha
(Sowing through Seed drill)
.

9. Variety and sowing time:
 Sowing time: 15 th March to 15 th April.
Capsularis jute varieties: JRC-7447, JRC-321,
JRC-212.
Olitorius jute: JRO –524.
(Medium and low lands)(having water logging problems)

10. Seed source:
Certified seeds with proper germination
percentage (>90%) should be collected
from NSC centers, ADA’s Office (minikits)
and other authorized seed distributors of
jute. Bolder seeds should be preferred by
screening through strainers for getting
healthy plants.

11. Germination test and Seed treatment:
 Before sowing, 100 jute seeds should be kept in wet
blotting paper in a bowl for 24 -36 hours. The percent
germination should be more than 90 per cent.
Alternatively the seed lot has to be rejected.
Seed treatment: Carbendazim @ 2.0 g/kg seed or
Trichoderma viridae 10 g/kg seed.

12. SEED TREATMENT
• Carbendazim (Bavistin 50 WP; JK
Stein 50 WP; Derosal) @ 2.0 g /kg
seed
• Mancozeb (Indofil M 45, Dithane M
45) @ 5.0 g /kg seed
• Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride
@ 10.0 g/kg seed + Tebuconazole
(Raxil - 5) @ 2- 2.5 g/kg
• Captan @ 5 g/kg seed

13. h£Sn¡de
h£Sn¡del Ahc¡e
pjÙ¹ l¡Nl pj¡d¡e
paS N¡R p¤¤ÙÛ Q¡l¡
¢e¢ÕQa qh h£Sn¡de à¡l¡

14. f¡Vl
h£S-
n¡de
f¡Vh£S hfe Ll¡l BN e£Q mM¡ k L¡e HL¢V
Rœ¡Le¡nL ¢cu h£Sn¡de Llm f¡Vl X¡yV¡ fQ¡ J
AeÉ¡eÉ l¡Nl fËL¡f Lj qu:
(1) L¡hÑeX¡¢Sj S¡a£u Rœ¡Le¡nL (kje
hÉ¡¢i¢ØVe 50 Xhm¤ ¢f, SL¢ØVe 50
Xhm¤ ¢f, Xl¡p¡m 50 Xhm¤ ¢f) fË¢a ¢Lm¡ h£S
2 NË¡j ¢qp¡h
(2) jÉ¡eL¡Sh S¡a£u Rœ¡Le¡nL (kje X¡Cbe Hj
45, C¾c¡¢gm Hj 45) fË¢a ¢Lm¡ h£S
5 NË¡j ¢qp¡h
(3) LÉ¡fV¡e S¡a£u Rœ¡Le¡nL (kje LÉ¡fV¡e)

15. SEED TREATMENT METHOD
BAVISTIN 2 g BAVISTIN 2 g
1 kg seed
1 kg seed

16. SEED TREATMENT METHOD
BEFORE MIXING
AFTER MIXING

17. TREATED SEEDS OF JUTE

18. COMPARISON BETWEEN TREATED AND
UNTREATED SEEDS OF JUTE
TREATED
UNTREATED

19. Seed treatment is cheap and best.
Removes deep seated
seed-borne inoculum
Reduces
soil inoculum
Protective barrier around
seed, root and rhizosphere
Systemic into seedlings,
e.g., carbendazim Healthy and
vigourous seedlings
Growth promotion
effect, e.g., carbendazim

20. Land preparation
 The land should preferably be well drained in
nature having high organic matter content.
The field should be ploughed for 2 to 3 times
to get fine tilth, depending on soil texture.
 The land should be properly leveled using
laddering as available and a field ditch ( 8”x
12”) should be connected to a safe outlet to
provide drainage to avoid early waterlogging
stress.

21. Nutrient application
Well rotten farm yard manure should be applied
@ 5-7 tonnes/ha and mixed thoroughly with soil
during land preparation.
Soil testing before fertilizer application wherever
possible
Fertiliser dose : N:P:K:: 60:30:30.
 N: 20 kg as basal,
 N: 20 kg at 21 DAE and
 Rest 20 kg at 30-35 DAE.

22.  Olitorius jute seed should be sown using 4-row
seed drill developed at CRIJAF.
 After sowing, a planking should be done to cover
the jute seeds.
 Spacing can be adjusted in the machine. The
optimum being row to row 25 cm X plant to plant
5-7 cm.
 Plant population density 50- 60 per sq. m.
(= 5 – 6 lakh per ha)
 A pre of post sowing irrigation assures proper
plant stand.
Line sowing

23. SEED DRILL AND YOUNG JUTE CROP

24. The advantages of this line sowing
It reduces the seed requirement by
40-50%
Facilitates germination by keeping the
seeds at proper depth.
Helps in intercultural operation.
Reduces man power requirement in
thinning and weeding operation (manual).
Produced uniform jute plant of desired
girth and lastly increases net return over
broadcasting method.

25. Broadcasting
Treated seeds should be broadcasted in
prepared jute field cross wise ( East to
West or vice versa followed by North to
South or vice-versa ) for uniform seed
distribution and desirable plant stand.
In broad casting method the Olitorius
seed rate will be 5 to 6.5 kg/ha. After
sowing, a planking should be done to
cover the jute seeds.

26. Weed Management
 Weed composition:
Grassy weed 92 %
Hedges 6 %
Broad leaved 2 %
 May incur loss up to 70 %.
 May involve 35 - 40 % of total cost of jute
cultivation.

27. Methods of Weed Management
 Pre plant application of trifluraline
(Dinitroanelene) @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha 01day
before sowing may kill all grasses and broad
leaved weeds and save Rs. 4000 – 5000
/ha.
 Post emergence spray of quizalofop ethyl
(Targa super 1.5 – 2.0 ml + Dhanuvit 1.0 ml
per litre water at 21 – 25 DAS may kill all
grasses and broad leaved weeds and save
Rs. 3000 – 4000 /ha.
 Hand weeding: costly, effective, labourious
 Mixed cropping with red amaranth or
summer radish and gives addl yield
 Mulching with paddy straw in between rows

29. Weed control
Or
Post emergence herbicide: For grass weed only (Shyama,
Durba, Sial laga, Digittaria , Bergum etc).
Targa super (Quizalofop Ethyl 5%EC) @
(i) 8-10 DAE 1.0 ml/l + Dhanuvit 1 ml/l
or (ii) 10-15 DAE 1.5 ml/l + Dhanuvit 1 ml/l
Or (iii) 15-21 DAE 2.0 ml/l + Dhanuvit 1 ml/l
Pre-emergence/pre-plant Application :
Butachlor 50%EC @ 3-5 ml /litre or 5 G @ 1.0 - 1.5 a.i.
kg/ha @ 20-30 kg/ha (rainfed or irrigation) or
Pretilachlor 50 EC @ 3 ml/litre or 0.9 kg a.i./ha (at 45-
48 hours after sowing with irrigation) on clay and sandy
loam soil respectively + one hand weeding/ hoeing.

30. Butachlor @ 0.9-1.5 kg a.i. /ha on moist soil immediately after
sowing

31. Targa super @ 1.5
ml/l + Dhanuvit 1
ml/l at 15 DAE
Weedy jute field at
21 DAE

32. Photo 2. Quizalofop ethyl 5% EC@ 2.0
ml/l + Dhanuvit 1 ml/l at 15 DAE

33.  Glyphosate+ Pyrrozosulfuron ethyl and
 Glyphosate + 2,4-D when applied on
composite weed flora reduced the sedge
weed population by 80 to 90 percent in
two years.
 Jute or mesta has to be sown after 7 –8
days after spray.
 The jute and mesta fibre yield is
comparable to manual weeding twice.

34. Stale seed bed Butachlor+2,4 D
Digittaria cotrol by Quizalofop
ethyl , farmers field

35. Trianthema spp. controlled by Pretilachlor @ 0.9kg/ha (at 45 hrs after sowing)
in jute field

37. Mechanical weed control:
Wheel hoe by CRJAF Nail Weeder at field
capacity condition twice at 4 and 8 to 15
DAE.
 Mechano chemical weed control by CRIJAF
Herbicide Applicator from 15-21 DAE by
nonselective herbicides

38. CRIJAF NAIL WEEDER FOR SIMULTANEOUS COMPOSITE WEED
CONTROL, THINNING, AUTOMATIC LINE DEVELOPMENT AND SOIL
MULCHING FOR MOISTURE CONSERVATION
1. WEED CONTROL,
2. THINNING,
3. LINE DEVELOPMENT
4. SOIL MULCHING
NAIL WEEDER

39. SIMULTANEOUS LINE DEVELOPMENT, WEED CONTROL, THINNING AND
SOIL MULCHING IN BROADCAST JUTE AT GOALDAH, 24 –PGS (N)

40. EARLY WEED CONTROL BY CRIJAF NAIL WEEDER AT SINGUR,
HOOGLY

41. Trianthema spp control at Singur, Hoogly using CRIJAF
nail weeder
Before nail weeder operation
After nail weeder opretaion

42. SIMULTANEOUS LINE DEVELOPMENT, WEEDING, THINNING AND MOISTURE
COSERVATION IN BROADCAST JUTE USING CRIJAF NAIL WEEDER AT
SINGUR, HOOGLY

43. CRIJAF NAIL WEEDER AT OPERATION IN ATGHARAH ON
BROADCAST JUTE

44. Weeding in upland rice (Aus)

45. NONSELECTIVE HERBICIDE APPLICATION IN BROADCAST JUTE
USING CRIJAF HERBICIDE APPLICATOR

46. SIMULTANEOUS COMPOSITE WEED CONTROL, THINNING AND LINE
DEVELOPMENT IN BROADCAST JUTE

47. Broadcasted and line sown jute.
First thinning should be done with in
15 to 21 DAE.
Second 35 DAE for maintaining 50-60
plants /m2 .
Line sowing by seed drill eliminates
thinning.

48. Mulching for moisture conservation and weed
control
It should be practiced well drained alluvial
or coarse textured soil.
Rice or wheat straw mulch @ 7.5 to 10
tonnes/ha (boro rice) at sowing time.
At first broadcast jute seed @ 5 to 6 kg /ha.
Then lay straw bundles in lines keeping 7-10
cm gap in between rows to facilitate jute
germination.
It increased jute fibre yield under rainfed
situation, reduces irrigation requirement
and reduces weed pressure in jute field.

49. DROUGHT MANAGEMENT OF JUTE UNDER DEFICIT
RAINFALL
fdhgg
Active jute grows under mulch (7.5 t/ha)
Stunted jute growth

50. DROUGHT MANAGEMENT OF JUTE UNDER DEFICIT RAINFALL
Furrow opening by cultivator
Mulching on seeded rows for proper stand
establishment

51. Irrigation and Drainage:
Irrigation: One presowing irrigation + 2 to 3
additional irrigations at hair cracking stage for
better fibre and intercrop growth and yield.
Drainage:The jute field should be connected
with a safe out let through a field ditch (30-40 cm
depth and 20 cm wide) to remove excess water
from jute field. Adequate drainage facility may be
arranged for proper growth and yield.

52. Jute crop at maturity under different water
regime
Saturated
Waterlogged (20 to 30
cm)
Well
drained
Water logged
(5 cm to 15cm)
(Well rained to 30 cm water logging)

53. Field ditch (20-30 cm deep) for drainage, for healthy jute crop

54. Field ditch to save young jute seedlings from water logging stress

55. Average fibre yield per plant (g) from different
strains under waterlogged situation
Name of strain Mean Rank
CIM-072 7.53 3
CIM-070 7.10 4
JRC-321 5.70 10
CIN-071 6.47 7
OIJ-074 6.07 8
OIJ-048 6.03 9
BL-041C (C.
tridens)
0.31 11
Tr-1 7.10 4
JRO-7835 7.80 2
JRO-524 8.33 1
JRO-878 6.73 5
OIJ-054 6.47 7
D-154 6.67 8
S.Em  0.86
CD (5 %) 1.77
CV (%) 32.85
Sinha et al (Ann. Rep CRIJAF. 2000-
2001)

56. PROSPECTS OF JUTE INTERCROPPING SYSTEM WITH
VEGETABLES

57. RELAY CROPPING OF BASIL LEAF WITH JUTE

58. Successful jute + summer radish mixed cropping
(Marketable summer radish harvested at 30 DAS).

60. Photo 1: JRO-204 + Pant Mung 5 (1:1) Photo 2: JRO-204 + Okra (cv. Shakti) (2:1)

61. Weed smothering by Jute +greengram intercropping
Intercropping green gram (Pant mung 5) with jute suppressed Cyperus rotundus
upto 56 % by smothering affect. This system produced 10q pulse grain, fibre yield
28q/ha and 2tonnes pulse waste/ha. The fibre equivalent yield upto 42-49 q/ha
over 33- 38 q/ha under two manual weeding.)

62. FIELD SCALE INTERCROPPING OF JUTE WITH MUNG

63. Risk management in jute by Jute and green gram strip
cropping (9:9) under drought condition
Sowing 22nd March; Jute cv JRO-204, Green gram cv. Pant mung 5
Irrigation: One post sowing
Fibre yield: 14-18 q/ha and pulse yield 5-6.5 q/ha
Herbicide: Pretilachlor 50% EC 500-900ml/ha on clay and sandy loam
soil respectively.Sole jute Fibre: 25q/ha Sole Pulse yield : 10-13q/ha
(60-90 DAS)

64. Maize stripe cropping with jute (Butachlor @
0.9kg a.i./ha as pre emergence).

65. Dig a circular micro pond of 6.5m floor dia.
and 7.5m top dia. with 1m wide earthen embankment
raised up to 2.5 feet from soil surface and line with
silpaulin sheet (30 ft x 30 ft). The pond depth will be
around 4.0 feet.
In a normal season the pond dug at the lowest
corner of the field will help retting the jute only with
harvested rain water. Ret one acre jute/mesta in
three shifts at 15-20 days intervals (1/3 rd acre each
time).
IN SITU JUTE RETTING IN LOW VOLUME WATER (1:1 V/V)

66. Dark shyamla colour fibre from conventional retting

67. Rainwater harvested for jute retting of one acre jute in three shifts
(1/3 acre each time)

68. Culture development :
50 kg snnhemp twigs,
50 kg retting tank soil,
500 g Ammonium sulphate,
500 g molasses
Circular arrangement of jute
bundles with separators in
between layers for uniform
retting

69. Golden fibre with higher strength
Drainage of tanned water

72. Economics of Jute cultivation: Cost of
cultivation is Rs.55000 to 66000/ha (approx.).
Net Return: Rs.15000-20000/ha (Approx.).
Cost benefit ratio: 1.5 ( approx.).