This document summarizes the production of Nerium and Ixora plants. It discusses the varieties, soil and climate requirements, propagation through cuttings, pruning, fertilization, irrigation, and pest management for Nerium. It also covers the botanical details, soil preferences, propagation through air layering and cuttings, spacing, planting, fertilization, watering, and pests of Ixora. The document concludes with discussing an objective to produce biodiesel from Nerium oleander oil and compares yields and properties from ultrasonic and magnetic stirring transesterification methods.

1. PRODUCTION
TECHNOLOGY OF NERIUM
AND IXORA
K.MANIRAJ
ID:NO:2017603107
Ist- Msc Floriculture and Landscape architecture

2. NERIUM
• Botanical name :Nerium oleander
• Family :Apocynaceae
• Tamil :அரளி

3. VARIETIES
Tall types : Single Rose, Single White, Single Red, Double types.
Dwarf types : Petite Salmon, Petite Pin.

4. SINGLE TYPE

5. DOUBLE TYPE

6. SOIL&CLIMATE
• Red lateritic or black or loamy soils with adequate drainage are suitable for
Nerium cultivation.
• Tropical and subtropical conditions.

7. PROPAGATION
 Hard or semi hard woodcuttings of 60 cm length are
used for planting.
 The ends are buried inside the soil forming an arch.
 Pits : 30 cm

8. PRUNING
• 1st year- One third of old mature stems near ground level should be
removed.
2nd year -Half of the remaining old stems must be removed and cut back
long new shoots.
3rd year - Remove the remaining old stems and cut back long new shoots.

9. BIO FERTILIZER
 Soil application of 2 kg each of Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria per ha at
the time of planting.
 It is to be mixed with 100kg of FYM and applied in pits

10. IRRIGATION
• The plants are irrigated once in 10 - 15 days depending on the weather
conditions.

11. PLANT PROTECTION
• Spray Quinalphos 25 EC 1 ml/lit or
Phosalone 35 EC 1 ml/lit or
Monocrotophos 2 ml/lit to control the
pests

12. FLOWERING
Flowering commences throughout the year. Peak
flowering between April to August.

13. HARVEST
Harvesting begins from the 4th month after planting

14. YIELD
An approximate yield of 100 - 125 kg of
flowers/ha/day can be obtained.

15. Biodiesel production from Nerium oleander (Thevetia
peruviana) oil through conventional and ultrasonic irradiation
methods
Ashok Kumar Yadav ,M.Emran Khan ,Amit Pal & Alok Manas Dubey
Pages 3447-3452 | Published online: 24 Oct 2016

16. OBJECTIVE
• Production of Bio Diesel from Nerium oleander (Thevitia peruviana) oil.

17. METHODS
• Ultrasonic transesterification
• Magnetic stirrer method

18. RESULT & DISCUSSION
• Biodiesel obtained from ultrasonic method and magnetic stirrer was then
compared for their percentage yield and physiochemical properties.
• Ultrasonic transesterification process gave a maximum yield of 97% by
weight of oleander biodiesel along with improved physiochemical
characteristics. Therefore, it is concluded that ultrasonic method is the most
effective method for converting crude oleander oil into biodiesel.

19. IXORA
BOTANICAL NAME : Ixora sp.
FAMILY : Rubiaceae
COMMON NAMES :Flame of Woods, Jungle Flame ,Jungle
Geanium.

20. SOIL
Prefer well drained moist acidic soil with high organic content.
CLIMATE
Ixora is warm climatic plant that grows under both tropical and subtropical climate.

21. • Ixora is an acid tolerant plant and a pH of 5 is needed.

22. PROPAGATION
• Ixora is commercially propagated through Air Layering .
• Superior varieties can be propagated through Softwood Cutting .

23. SPACING
• Spacing of 45 X 60 cm and 60 X 90 cm

24. PLANTING
• Planting is done at area where direct sunlight falls .
• More Sunlight = More growth

25. FERTILIZERS
• An amount of 488 g of NPK is applied during mid summer and late
summer.

26. WATERING
• Watering during summer is very important since during summer time plants
need more water .
• Mulching can be done in order to retain moisture .
• No over watering during winter .

27. PLANT PROTECTION
APHIDS
MITES
SCALES

28. • NEMATODE • SOOTY MOULD