The document discusses the differences between weather and climate. Weather describes current atmospheric conditions in a place, while climate refers to conditions over a long period of time. It then describes the structure of the atmosphere, including the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. The atmosphere contains gases like nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide that make life possible. Temperature on Earth varies depending on factors like latitude, altitude, and distance from bodies of water.
TEMPERATURE
COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE
Layers of the ATMOSPHERE
WEATHER and CLIMATE
LATITUDINAL ZONES
ELEMENTS & CONTROLS OF WEATHER & CLIMATE
WARM MAJOR CURRENTS OF THE WORLD
Land Breeze & Sea Breeze
TEMPERATURE
COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE
Layers of the ATMOSPHERE
WEATHER and CLIMATE
LATITUDINAL ZONES
ELEMENTS & CONTROLS OF WEATHER & CLIMATE
WARM MAJOR CURRENTS OF THE WORLD
Land Breeze & Sea Breeze
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4. 1. Difference between weather
and climate
Weather: describes the atmospheric
conditions in a particular place at a particular
time. Example: today it is hot in Seville.
Climate: refers to atmospheric conditions
that exist in a region over a long period of
time. Example: the Mediterranean climate is
mild.
5. Activities
1. What is the weather like in your area today?
2. Complete the sentences with the word weather or
climate.
a. The _______ in New York today is very cold.
b. If you live in a hot _______ you need to wear
light clothes.
c. You need heating in your home if you live in a
cold _______.
d. It is raining again. What awful _______ !
6. 2. The atmosphere
The atmosphere is a gaseous layer of more than
1000 km thick that surrounds the Earth.
Thanks to it, life on planet is possible because it
contains essential gases for living things, like
oxygen.
DRAW THE STRUCTURE OF THE
ATMOSPHERE
7. The structure of the atmosphere
THERMOSPHERE
Temperatures are very high (2000ºC). The
thermosphere includes the ionosphere.
MESOSPHERE. The air is very dense in this
layer.
STRATOSPHERE. The ozone layer is located in
the stratosphere at a height of between 30 and
50 km.
TROPOSPHERE. Most meteorological
phenomena (rain, clouds, wind, etc) happen in
this layer. Most of the air we breathe is found
in the first 6 km of the troposphere.
8. The atmosphere is formed by a mix of
gases:
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Ozone
Carbon dioxide…
And water vapour.
In its lowest layer, the troposphere,
climatic and meteorological phenomena
occur.
9. The atmosphere makes life on Earth
possible because:
It contains gases that are vital for living
creatures.
The ozone layer filters ultraviolet rays that
are damaging for living things.
It regulates the temperature of the Earth,
preventing it from getting too hot during the
day and too cold during the night.
It minimises the impact of meteorites and
other particles from outer space.
10. 2.1. The ozone layer
Ozone, a gas produced in the Earth’s atmosphere,
forms a layer that stops ultraviolet light from reaching
the Earth's surface.
When the ozone layer comes into contact with other
gases, such as gases from certain industries, holes
appear in some places.
Ultraviolet light rays penetrate these holes and reach
the Earth's surface.
11. Activities
Look at the diagram of the atmosphere in your notebooks.
1. Which atmospheric layer is being described?
a) Meteorological phenomena happen here
b) The air is very dense
c) It is where the ozone layer is located
d) Temperatures are very high in this layer
e) Most of the air we breathe is located in this layer
-
2. In what way does the atmosphere protect the Earth?
3. How are the layers of the atmosphere different?
4. Why is the greenhouse effect dangerous for life on Earth?
12. 3. Temperature
It is the amount of heat in the air from solar
radiation.
It is measured with a thermometer and is
expressed in degrees (ºC).
Temperatures on Earth vary, depending on the
following factors:
Latitude (or distance from the equator)
Altitude in respect to sea level
Distance from sea.
13. 3.1. Latitude
Temperatures decrease from the
Equator towards the poles.
Solar rays fall perpendicular to the Equator
and so they are concentred on a very small
area.
As we get nearer to the poles, the rays fall
more obliquely and spread over a larger
surface.
14.
15. 3.2. Altitude
Temperature falls 0.64ºC for every 100
meter increase in height.
So, the higher the altitude, the lower
the temperature.
16. 3. 3. Distance from sea
The sea moderates the temperature
because the water in seas and oceans
change temperature more slowly than the
surface of the Earth does.
Like all solids, the land heats up and cools
down more quickly.
17. Humid wind comes inland from sea during
day.
Dry wind moves out from land to the sea
during night.
19. The Wind
Wind is air that moves.
It moves from areas of high pressure to areas
of low pressure to balance differences in
atmospheric pressure across the planet.
Wind speed is measured using an
anemometer.
