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Water purification methods
This document discusses various methods for purifying water at small and large scales. At a small scale, domestic filters like cloth, ceramic, and ultraviolet filters can be used. Boiling is also effective but uses a lot of fuel. Chemical processes involve using bleach, chlorine solutions, chlorine tablets, alum, or iodine to purify water. At a large scale, purification methods include aeration, oxidation, filtration through soil layers, and evaporation.
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Water purification methods
- 2. WATER PURIFICATION METHODS Natural purification Purificationat small scale Purification at large scale
- 3. Natural purification methods •Aeration •Oxidation •Filtrationthrough layers of soil •Aquatic animals •Evaporation •Flow of water
- 4. PURIFICATION AT SMALLSCALE • DOMESTIC FILTER • BOILING • CHEMICAL PROCESS
- 5. 1. DOMESTIC FILTER A.CLOTH FILTER
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- 8. INSTUCTIONS TO USETHE FILTER CANDLE
- 9. C. ULTRA VIOLETFILTER
- 10. PARTS OF ULTRAVIOLET FILTER • Pre filter • Activated carbon • Ultra violet chamber • Electronic monitoring system
- 11. 2. BOILING • Advantages: –Simple and effective method of purification – Will kill many waterborne bacteria through the intense heat – Uses local available materials • Disadvantages: – Can sometimes be difficult, time consuming, and cost inefficient because of the high volume of fuel used – Will not remove mud from ‘murky’ water – Will not remove suspended or dissolved compounds
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- 13. • Advantages: – Easyto use method of chemical purification of water – Effective at killing bacteria and viruses – Inexpensive • Disadvantages: – Not effective at killing all parasites. – Complex compounds can form with organic material which over time can be hazardous to health. – It is best to use the water in a shorter period of time and store it in a plastic container in a cool and shaded place.
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- 15. CHLORINE TABLET • Halazonetablet is available in the market. • Good to disinfect the small quantities of water. • Costly. • 0.5 g sufficient to disinfect 20 liter of water.
- 16. INSTRUCTIONS TO USECHLORINE TABLET
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- 18. IODINE • Emergency methodto disinfect the water. • Two drops of iodine with 2% ethanol solution sufficient for I liter of water. • Larger amount will stimulate thyroid activity.
- 19. POTTASIUM PERMANGANATE • Nolonger recommended for disinfection of water. • It will alter the color, smell and taste of water.