This was made by student of 4th Bsc Nursing.

1. ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION
AIR, WATER AND NOISE

2. INTRODUCTION
Environmental sanitation encompasses the control of environmental factors
that are connected to disease transmission subsets of this category are
solid management ,water management, industrial waste management and
noise pollution control .The control of all those factors in man’s physical
environment which exercise or may exercise is detritus effects on his physic
al environment, health and survival.

3. Definition
Environmental sanitation is
that branches of public health
that is concerned with the
control of all those factors in
man’s surroundings or
physical environment which
may have detritus effect on
human health and wellbeing.

4. Components of Environmental Sanitation
1. Water sanitation
2. Air sanitation
3. Noise sanitation
4. Food and milk sanitation
5. Excreta disposal
6. Sewage disposal
7. Housing
8. Vector and Vermin control
9. Refuse disposal

5. AIR POLLUTION
Air pollution is defined as any atmospheric condition in which
certain substances are present is such concentrations that they
can produce undesirable effects on man and his environment.

6. Sources of Pollutants
1.Primary Air pollutants-Sources such as factory
chimney or exhaust pipe.
2.Secondary Air pollutants-Ozone
Major Air pollutants
a) Carbon monoxide
b) Sulfur dioxide
c) Nitrogen dioxide
d) Particulate matter
e) Ground level ozone

7. Sources of Air pollution
Auto
mobiles
Industries
Domestic
Sources
Tobacco
smoke
Miscella
neous

8. Effects of Air pollution
Damage to health
Annoyance to senses
Interference with production
Property damage
Damage to vegetation
Global pollution problems

9. Control and preventionA. Combustion
B. Absorption
C. Adsorption
Methods to controlling particulate emission
 Fabric filters
 Wet scrubbers
 Electrostatic precipitators
 Certain mechanical devices.
Other methods to controlling air pollution
 Tall chimneys should be installed in factories
 Smokeless fuels should be used in homes and industries
 Renewable sources of energy should be used like solar and wind energy.
 Automobiles should be tested and has emission control standards.
 More trees should be planted along roadsides and houses.

10. WATER POLLUTION
Definition:
Water pollution can be defined as presence of solid, liquid or gaseous
contaminants in such concentration that alter the quality of water.

11. Causes of Water pollution
Domestic waste
Sewage system
Solid waste
Industrial waste
Acid rain
Oil industry
Aquatic plants
Religious activity

14. Effects of Water pollution
 Toxic substance polluting the water ultimately affect human
health.
 Heavy metals like lead ,mercury ,cadmium causes various
types of diseases.
 Mercury in water is transferred into methyl mercury.
 Mina Mata disease is occurred due to consumption of methyl
mercury contaminated fish.
 Disease called Itai-Itai was caused by cadmium contaminate
d rice.
 Arsenic pollution of ground water is causing various types of
abnormalities
 Nitrate when present excess in drinking water causes
Blue baby syndrome.

15.  Nitrate in stomach partly gets changed into nitrites
which can produce cancer in stomach.
 Fluoride in drinking water causes defects defects in
teeth and bone called fluorosis.
 Pesticide in drinking water causes health problems.
 DDT, aldrin, dieldrin etc. have banned due to it may
leads by birth genetical abnormalities in babies.
 It may leads to aquatic animals death.
 It disruption of ecosystem
 Disruption of food chains.

16. Control and prevention
1) Sewage treatment
2) Prevent river water to get polluted
3) Treatment of water before discharge
4) Strict adherence to water laws
5) Treatment of drainage water
6) Treatment plants
7) Keep the ponds water clean and safe
8) Routine cleaning
9) Don’t pour insecticides in sinks and toilets
10)Self hygiene
11)Sanitation
12)Public awareness

17. NOISE POLLUTION
Definition:
Sound that is unwanted or disrupts once quality of life is called as noise.
When there is lot of noise in the environment, it is termed as noise pollution.

18. Sources of Noise pollution
1. Street traffic
2. Rail roads
3. Airplanes or craft
4. Construction noise
5. Consumer products
6. Noise of industry
7. Loud speakers
8. Fire crackers.

20. Classification of Noise pollution &
Measurement of Noise
Classification of Noise pollution:
A. Community noise or environmental noise
 Air craft noise.
 Roadway noise.
 Under water noise.
B. Occupational noise .
 Air craft noise and Road traffic noise.
 Noise from rail roads and Construction noise.
 Noise in Buildings.
 Noise from consumer products.
 Loud speakers and Fire Crackers.
Measurement of noise:
o A Decibel is the standard for the measurement of noise.

21. Problems of Noise pollution
 Hearing impairment.
 It decreases the efficiency of man.
 Lack of concentration.
 Abortion in pregnant ladies.
 Pupil dilatation.
 Mental illness.
 It causes heart attack.
 Digestive problems.
 Temporary or permanent deafness.
 Aggressive behavior.
 Effects on vegetation poor quality of crops.
 Effects on Animals.
 Effects on property.
 Sleep and speech interference.

22. Prevention & Control of Noise pollution.
 Planting trees in and around sound generating sources is an effective for noise
pollution.
 Regular servicing and tuning of automobiles can effectively reduce the noise
pollution.
 Buildings can be designed with suitable noise absorbing material for the wall,
windows and ceiling.
 Workers should be provided with equipment such as ear plugs and earmuff for
hearing protection.
 Similar to automobiles, lubrication of the machinery and servicing should be done
to minimize noise generation.
 Sound proof doors and windows can be installed to block unwanted noise from out
sides.
 Regulations should be imposed to restrict the usage of play loud speakers in
crowded areas and public places.
 Factories and industries should be located away from the residential areas.

23. Conclusion
Environmental sanitation strongly depends on Society environmen
tal sanitation can be act on reducing exposure to infectious agents
by limiting contact to wastes or polluted media, and by changing
hygiene and socio-cultural practices and beliefs.
Assignment:
Write an assignment on “Delhi Air pollution and its effects”.
Marks :10 marks.
Date of submission :When you are back to college.