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3. Water Purification Plant
Presented by:
MUBASHIR AYYUB UET-12ME-SCET-27
TUFAIL JADOON UET-12ME-SCET-17
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4.  Introduction
• Water
• Water Purification
 Raw Material
• Sources of Water
 Process Block Diagram
• Water Purification Plant Block Diagram (14 steps)
 Parts of Process
• 14 steps of the quality process Waters Purification
Outline
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5.  Water
 Water is a transparent fluid
 Liquid but also co-exists with solid stat, ice; and gaseous
state, steam (water vapors)
 Water covers 71% of the Earth's surface
 Density: 999.97 kg/m³
 Boiling point: 212°F (100°C)
 Molar mass: 18.01528 g/mole
 Melting point: 32°F (0°C)
 Formula: H2O
Introduction
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6.  Water
 Taste and Order
Pure H2O is tasteless and odorless.
It can dissolve many different substances, giving it varying tastes and odors.
 Effects On Life
 All known forms of life depend on water.
 Metabolism is the sum total of anabolism and catabolism
 In anabolism, water is removed from molecules (through energy requiring enzymatic
chemical reactions) in order to grow larger molecules (e.g. starches, triglycerides and
proteins for storage of fuels and information).
 In catabolism, water is used to break bonds in order to generate smaller molecules
(e.g. glucose, fatty acids and amino acids to be used for fuels for energy use or other
purposes). Without water, these particular metabolic processes could not exist.
Introduction
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8.  Water Purification
 Definition The process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological
contaminants, suspended solids and gases from contaminated water.
 The goal is to produce water fit for a specific purpose.
 Human consumption (drinking water).
 medical, pharmacological, chemical and
 industrial applications.
Introduction
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9.  Methods
a) physical processes
b) biological processes
c) chemical processes
d) the use of electromagnetic radiation
 Physical Process
i) filtration,
ii) sedimentation, and
iii) distillation
 Biological Process
i) slow sand filters or
ii) biologically active carbon
 Chemical Process
i) flocculation and
ii) chlorination
 The use of Electromagnetic Radiations
Such as ultraviolet light.
Introduction
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10.  Water Supply
 Water supply is the provision of water by public utilities, commercial
organizations, community endeavors or by individuals, usually via a
system of pumps and pipes.
 Sources of Water
 Groundwater
 emerging from some deep ground water
 may have fallen as rain many tens, hundreds, or thousands of years ago.
 Soil and rock layers naturally filter the ground water to a high degree of
clarity.
 Upland lakes and reservoirs
 the headwaters of river systems, upland reservoirs.
 Bacteria and pathogen levels are usually low,
 but some bacteria, protozoa or algae will be present. Where uplands are
forested or peaty, humic acids can color the water.
 Many upland sources have low pH which requires adjustment.
Raw Material
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11.  Sources of Water
 Rivers, canals and low land reservoirs
 Low land surface waters will have a significant bacterial load and may also
contain algae, suspended solids and a variety of dissolved constituents.
 Atmospheric water generation
 It is a new technology that can provide high quality drinking water by
extracting water from the air by cooling the air and thus condensing water
vapor.
 Surface Water
 Freshwater bodies that are open to the atmosphere and are not designated
as groundwater are termed surface waters.
Raw Material
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12.  Water Purification Plant Block Diagram (14 steps)
Process Block Diagram
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13. 1.Source Receiving and Inception
 Water is carefully collected and received through stainless steel
pipes from either a local well or municipal water supply.
Quality testing of the original source is conducted regularly to monitor for abnormalities.
2.Activated Carbon Filtration
 removing chlorines and THMs (trihalomethanes)
 through a daily monitored activated carbon
filtration process.
 It can also reduce the quantity of lead,
dissolved radon, and
harmless taste- and odor-causing compounds.
Activated Carbon Particle
Parts Of Process
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14. 3. Pretreatment
 A water softener is used to reduce water hardness.
 This is where hardness ions (calcium and magnesium) are exchanged for sodium (salt) or
potassium (salt) ions.
 This takes place within
the resin tank of the water softener.
Parts Of Process
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15. 4. Demineralization Process
It removes unwanted minerals (through reverse osmosis or distillation).
 Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification technology that uses a semipermeable
membrane to remove larger particles from
drinking water. In reverse osmosis, an applied
pressure is used to overcome osmotic pressure,
a colligative property, that is driven by
chemical potential, a thermodynamic parameter.
Reverse osmosis can remove many types
of molecules and ions from solutions, including
bacteria, and is used in both industrial
processes and the production of potable water.
Parts Of Process
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17. 5. Water Storage and Monitoring
 Water received in storage tanks is monitored on a daily basis.
6. Remineralization Process
 Selected minerals are added to cater to consumer taste
preferences. (Desalination)
 Reverse Osmosis is not a selective ion removal process. After the
common 2-pass RO process for Boron Removal, desalinated
water is poor in minerals.
 Low mineralized water has adverse effects like High corrosion
potential
 The WHO recommends 10 mg/L of Magnesium and 30 mg/L of
Calcium for drinking water.
Parts Of Process
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19. 7. Micron Filter
 Pharmaceutical grade micro-filtration removes particles as small as
0.2 microns. It is also capable of removing potential microbiological
contaminants. This is monitored on an hourly basis.
8. Ultraviolet Light Disinfection
 provides rapid, effective inactivation of microorganisms through a
physical process.
 When bacteria, viruses and protozoa are exposed to the germicidal
wavelengths of UV light, they are rendered incapable of
reproducing and infecting.
 It has demonstrated efficacy against pathogenic organisms,
including those responsible for cholera, polio, typhoid, hepatitis
and other bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases.
Parts Of Process
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20.  Ultraviolet Light Disinfection
 UV light (either alone or in conjunction with hydrogen peroxide)
can destroy chemical contaminants such as pesticides, industrial
solvents, and pharmaceuticals through a process called UV-
oxidation.
Parts Of Process
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21. 9. Ozone Disinfection
 It is the third disinfection step (steps 7-9), using a highly reactive form of oxygen. This is monitored
on an hourly basis.
 Ozone has greater disinfection effectiveness against bacteria and viruses compared to
 chlorination.
 The formation of oxygen into ozone occurs with the use of energy.
 This process is carried out by an electric discharge field , or by ultraviolet radiation as in UV-type
ozone generators (simulation of the ultraviolet rays from the sun).
 The raw water is then passed through a venturi throat which creates a vacuum and pulls the ozone
gas into the water or the air is then bubbled up through the water being treated.
 Since the ozone will react with metals to create insoluble metal oxides,
 post filtration is required.
Parts Of Process
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23. 10. Bottling Control
 The filling room is highly sanitary to ensure bottling is conducted in
a microbiologically controlled environment. It is continuously
monitored and controlled.
11. Packaging Control
 Packaging quality assurance is conducted by human inspection and
the latest in modern equipment designed to ensure the removal of
any packaging defects.
12. Line sanitation
 Line sanitation includes automated cleaning equipment to ensure
maximum cleanliness, effectiveness and control.
Parts Of Process
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24. 13. Plant Quality Control
 Each plant is equipped with its own laboratory and
quality assurance staff to analyze and ensure that all
aspects of the final product comply with company
standards and specifications.
14. Corporate Quality Assurance
 Independent control testing is conducted at external
certified laboratories.
Parts Of Process
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