This presentation gives an overview about kath-khuni construction practice prevalent in Himachal Pradesh. More information about the same is available in the book "Prathaa: Kath-khuni architecture of Himachal Pradesh"
http://mansi-shah.weebly.com/book.html
by Mansi Shah- Adjunct Assistant Professor at CEPT University
Building Economics And Sociology Behind Particular Style Of Housing, How People Influenced To Follow Particular Building Technology And Usage Of Material.
Building Economics And Sociology Behind Particular Style Of Housing, How People Influenced To Follow Particular Building Technology And Usage Of Material.
hello! find the details about composite climate and aurabindo ashramam here. If u want best architecture and interior services, click on https://jakkan.com/ and contact them. They give best services.
Housing case study(KAFCO housing,Aranya lowcost housing, TARA housing)Sumaiya Islam
KAFCO Housing,Bangladesh
Tara Housing,India
Aranya low cost Housing,India
Helen Housing, Switzerland
Oil and Mineral Exploration and
Development Corporation
Housing, Bangladesh
architectural case study
Asian games village designed by ar. raj rewal
B.Arch 4th-year sem 7
detailed zoning
analysis and survey
concept execution
referral links
https://www.scribd.com/document/415212492/Asian-Games-Village-Final
https://portfolio.cept.ac.in/fp/from-utopias-to-heterotopias-migrant-housing-values-of-time-density-culture-and-energy-ur2005-monsoon-2019/building-blocks-of-migrant-housing-monsoon-2019-ug180076
https://www.slideshare.net/WaseemNoor3/raj-rewal-asian-games-village
https://www.archdaily.com/903782/asian-games-village-residence-iii-viueller-architects
https://rajrewal.in/portfolio/asian-games-village-1980-1982/
https://qdoc.tips/asiad-villagegrp-6-pdf-free.html
https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/media.archnet.org/system/publications/contents/2850/original/DPT0402.pdf?1384768113
https://prezi.com/zj7br3xisvu8/asiad-village/
All About the vernacular Architecture Of Karnataka. The design of the Houses with interiors and the architecture style followed in the different types of houses of Karnataka ,i.e. Gutthu Houses and Anymane houses of Karnataka. The presentation belongs and solely based on the works of the case study dine by the students of Architecture of Poornima University
It is a term used to categorise methods of
construction which use locally available
resources and traditions to address local
needs.
Vernacular architecture tends to evolve over
time to reflect the environmental, cultural
and historical context in which it exists.
It has often been dismissed as crude and
unrefined, but also has proponents who
highlight its importance in current design.
Baker studied architecture in Birmingham and graduated in 1937, aged 20, in a period of political unrest for Europe.During the Second World War, he served in the Friends Ambulance Unit in China and Burma.He worked as an architect for an international and interdenominational Mission dedicated to the care of those suffering from leprosy. He focused on converting or replacing asylums once used to house the ostracized sufferers of the disease - "lepers".He Used indigenous architecture and methods of these places as means to deal with his once daunting problems.
Baker's designs invariably have traditional Indian sloping roofs and terracotta Mangalore tile shingling with gables and vents allowing rising hot air to escape curved walls to enclose more volume at lower material cost than straight walls.Designing and building low cost, high quality, beautiful homes
Suited to or built for lower-middle to lower class clients.
Irregular, pyramid-like structures on roofs, with one side left open and tilting into the wind.Brick jali walls, a perforated brick screen which utilises natural air movement to cool the home's interior and create intricate patterns of light and shadow.
The ppt consists of types of climatic regions in india, 5 typesof climatic zones in india, their description , cold and cloudy zone, shimla, himachal pradesh, types of design features according to climatic zones, active and passive cooling and heating techniques in cold and cloudy region.
hello! find the details about composite climate and aurabindo ashramam here. If u want best architecture and interior services, click on https://jakkan.com/ and contact them. They give best services.
Housing case study(KAFCO housing,Aranya lowcost housing, TARA housing)Sumaiya Islam
KAFCO Housing,Bangladesh
Tara Housing,India
Aranya low cost Housing,India
Helen Housing, Switzerland
Oil and Mineral Exploration and
Development Corporation
Housing, Bangladesh
architectural case study
Asian games village designed by ar. raj rewal
B.Arch 4th-year sem 7
detailed zoning
analysis and survey
concept execution
referral links
https://www.scribd.com/document/415212492/Asian-Games-Village-Final
https://portfolio.cept.ac.in/fp/from-utopias-to-heterotopias-migrant-housing-values-of-time-density-culture-and-energy-ur2005-monsoon-2019/building-blocks-of-migrant-housing-monsoon-2019-ug180076
https://www.slideshare.net/WaseemNoor3/raj-rewal-asian-games-village
https://www.archdaily.com/903782/asian-games-village-residence-iii-viueller-architects
https://rajrewal.in/portfolio/asian-games-village-1980-1982/
https://qdoc.tips/asiad-villagegrp-6-pdf-free.html
https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/media.archnet.org/system/publications/contents/2850/original/DPT0402.pdf?1384768113
https://prezi.com/zj7br3xisvu8/asiad-village/
All About the vernacular Architecture Of Karnataka. The design of the Houses with interiors and the architecture style followed in the different types of houses of Karnataka ,i.e. Gutthu Houses and Anymane houses of Karnataka. The presentation belongs and solely based on the works of the case study dine by the students of Architecture of Poornima University
It is a term used to categorise methods of
construction which use locally available
resources and traditions to address local
needs.
Vernacular architecture tends to evolve over
time to reflect the environmental, cultural
and historical context in which it exists.
It has often been dismissed as crude and
unrefined, but also has proponents who
highlight its importance in current design.
Baker studied architecture in Birmingham and graduated in 1937, aged 20, in a period of political unrest for Europe.During the Second World War, he served in the Friends Ambulance Unit in China and Burma.He worked as an architect for an international and interdenominational Mission dedicated to the care of those suffering from leprosy. He focused on converting or replacing asylums once used to house the ostracized sufferers of the disease - "lepers".He Used indigenous architecture and methods of these places as means to deal with his once daunting problems.
Baker's designs invariably have traditional Indian sloping roofs and terracotta Mangalore tile shingling with gables and vents allowing rising hot air to escape curved walls to enclose more volume at lower material cost than straight walls.Designing and building low cost, high quality, beautiful homes
Suited to or built for lower-middle to lower class clients.
Irregular, pyramid-like structures on roofs, with one side left open and tilting into the wind.Brick jali walls, a perforated brick screen which utilises natural air movement to cool the home's interior and create intricate patterns of light and shadow.
The ppt consists of types of climatic regions in india, 5 typesof climatic zones in india, their description , cold and cloudy zone, shimla, himachal pradesh, types of design features according to climatic zones, active and passive cooling and heating techniques in cold and cloudy region.
Kath-Kuni is an indigenous construction technique prevalent in the isolated hills of northern India, especially in the region of Himachal Pradesh where it's known as "Kath Kuni" and in Uttarakhand it's known as "Koti Banal". It is a traditional technique that has been orally transmitted from one generation to another.[1] The construction was devised keeping the seismic activity, topography, environment, climate, native materials and cultural landscape in perspective. Most of the oldest temples, in the region, are built using this ancient system. This unique construction technique has led to the formation of a vernacular architectural prototype was known as Kath-Kuni (cator and cribbage) architecture.
It has much in common with other local styles outside India in the Himalayas. The lower parts of a building are very solidly constructed, including lots of stone. The upper parts may be entirely made of wood.
Vernacular architecture is architecture characterized by the use of local materials and knowledge, usually without the supervision of professional architects. Vernacular architecture represents the majority of buildings and settlements created in pre-industrial societies and includes a very wide range of buildings, building traditions, and methods of construction. Vernacular buildings are typically simple and practical, whether residential houses or built for other purposes.
Although it encompassed 95% of the world's built environment in 1969, Vernacular architecture tends to be overlooked in traditional histories of design. It is not one specific style, so it cannot be distilled into a series of easy-to-digest patterns, materials, or elements. Because of the usage of traditional building methods and local builders, vernacular buildings are considered part of regional culture.
Vernacular architecture can be contrasted against elite or polite architecture which is characterized by stylistic elements of design intentionally incorporated for aesthetic purposes that go beyond a building's functional requirements. This article also covers the term traditional architecture, which exists somewhere between the two extremes yet still is based upon authentic themes.
Himachal Pradesh is a state in the northern part of India. Situated in the Western Himalayas, it is one of the eleven mountain states and is characterized by an extreme landscape featuring several peaks and extensive river systems. Himachal Pradesh shares borders with the union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh to the north, and the states of Punjab to the west, Haryana to the southwest, and Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh to the south. The state also has a border with the autonomous region of Tibet to the east.
This paper depicts a vast knowledge on vernacular architecture of India. Vernacular architecture refers to the buildings which are constructed by the knowledge of local technology and craftsmanship, using locally available building materials; simultaneously, ensuring climatic comforts to the users. Thus vernacular architecture is related to the climatic issues, cultural and socio-economic conditions of different regions of any country. Hence, India is a country with diversified climate and socio-cultural conditions. Here, each region has its own unique characteristics of building design in the form of climate-responsive vernacular architecture. The aim of this paper is to assemble all those different types of vernacular practices throughout the different climatic regions of India.
A literature study of the various vernacular rural housing typologies of the seven north eastern states of India. Insight on the types of foundations, walling, and roofing technologies along with their building materials and construction techniques.
Architectural typologies have developed in the North East as factors of tradition , climate and functionality. The materials used are locally available materials like bamboo, cane , cane leaves, mud, and lime. Of late, bricks. stone chips, rock slabs, surkhi etc. are also being used. Sloping roofs are a common architectural feature in all the architectural typologies because of high rainfall in the North East .
Construction of this type of house generally takes place in the dry season / winters. Sourcing of construction materials like thatch/timber/bamboo are collected during winters only.
Bamboo/wooden posts are erected and then beams/logs are connected and rafters placed and tied up.
The whole community participates in the construction of this type of house. Indigenous/traditional tools are used in the construction. Generally nails or other steel materials are not used for making connections between various members.
The construction of this type of housing takes place ina single phase. Typically, the building is originally not designed for its final constructed size
Between Filth and Fortune- Urban Cattle Foraging Realities by Devi S Nair, An...Mansi Shah
This study examines cattle rearing in urban and rural settings, focusing on milk production and consumption. By exploring a case in Ahmedabad, it highlights the challenges and processes in dairy farming across different environments, emphasising the need for sustainable practices and the essential role of milk in daily consumption.
White wonder, Work developed by Eva TschoppMansi Shah
White Wonder by Eva Tschopp
A tale about our culture around the use of fertilizers and pesticides visiting small farms around Ahmedabad in Matar and Shilaj.
The project questions the anthropocentric development and the dominance of human activity in taking over nature. The stretch of river edge in Gandhinagar is still left unexplored offering a matrix of plantation, villages, and wilderness patch which should not only be preserved but also enhanced to support biodiversity. This is also a great amenity for the residents to come and explore. The idea here is to create 'Ukiyo' or almost transient, unobtrusive architecture interventions that will allow minimal human exploration in sensitive micro ecosystem that is taken over by nature with time.
According to UN World Urbanization prospects, in the past 40 years, the global population has grown by 80% and in nearly 50 years the Urban population will reach about 70% of the global(world population prospects,2006). This Dramatic shift from the rural to urban areas can cause a great number of environmental and social problems that the world can face in the coming decades. One of them is the food crisis. Taking into account that cities currently contribute 70% of the world’s CO2 emission, rethinking the city for the better environmental performance is now in the priority in the global agenda. To attain an efficient urban environment, it is necessary to defy the existing rules of production and management of resources in the way they have worked until now. By Integrating Productive landscape in the everyday life of the people I aim to design an ideal sector which is totally self-sufficient. My design premises include: Food, Water, Energy, Waste, Bio-Diversity. In Ideal Sector each household has there owned productive landscape which includes compost pit, farms and solar panels whereas on the sector scale it has food towers which could cater to the overall need of food in the sector, also wetland which cleans black water of the households and urban forest which increases the biodiversity of the sector and also acts as the larger public space for the sector. These ideal sectors can be multiplied in the City to make the city more self-reliant.
Filament city is a type of urban development that is rejected from the outset, as it is cited responsible for disorder and fragmentation of the territory. But, it is the lack of business concentration, the low density of the under populated centers and services that’s leads to dispersion in the territory and consumption of terrain.
The goal was to increase and consolidate the trans-frontier relationships and physically strengthening the existing filaments and to redesign the local settlement typology keeping the basic morphological features but adapting the new needs.
Suburban Centralities- An agro vision for LainateMansi Shah
The thesis investigates the possibility of community agriculture as a way to achieve compactness in spatial morphology and a more humane sustainable suburbia.
This project for social housing brings new building materials and technology on a historically important site without disregarding the existing urban fabric, street facade, proportioning system prevalent in the core city of Milan.
Project aims to establish the relationship between existing agricultural landscape and abandon factory area of Alfa Romeo in Arese. The new proposal will host various agricultural activities i.e., agricultural market for seeds, organic food, fruits, etc. It will also be a base for zero waste farm running on renewable energy sources (bio mass, biodiesel & solar energy), to create sustainable social environment and encourage people to participate on an urban scale.
The project 'Beyond Green' is a communication design project to promote sustainable living and bring people to a gallery in Milan. We created a ball which was stitched and filled with seeds and soil. These were put in strategic locations which can be collected by people and placed anywhere in the city. This would transform the urban hard areas through a fun medium and spread awareness.
You could be a professional graphic designer and still make mistakes. There is always the possibility of human error. On the other hand if you’re not a designer, the chances of making some common graphic design mistakes are even higher. Because you don’t know what you don’t know. That’s where this blog comes in. To make your job easier and help you create better designs, we have put together a list of common graphic design mistakes that you need to avoid.
Top 5 Indian Style Modular Kitchen DesignsFinzo Kitchens
Get the perfect modular kitchen in Gurgaon at Finzo! We offer high-quality, custom-designed kitchens at the best prices. Wardrobes and home & office furniture are also available. Free consultation! Best Quality Luxury Modular kitchen in Gurgaon available at best price. All types of Modular Kitchens are available U Shaped Modular kitchens, L Shaped Modular Kitchen, G Shaped Modular Kitchens, Inline Modular Kitchens and Italian Modular Kitchen.
Book Formatting: Quality Control Checks for DesignersConfidence Ago
This presentation was made to help designers who work in publishing houses or format books for printing ensure quality.
Quality control is vital to every industry. This is why every department in a company need create a method they use in ensuring quality. This, perhaps, will not only improve the quality of products and bring errors to the barest minimum, but take it to a near perfect finish.
It is beyond a moot point that a good book will somewhat be judged by its cover, but the content of the book remains king. No matter how beautiful the cover, if the quality of writing or presentation is off, that will be a reason for readers not to come back to the book or recommend it.
So, this presentation points designers to some important things that may be missed by an editor that they could eventually discover and call the attention of the editor.
Can AI do good? at 'offtheCanvas' India HCI preludeAlan Dix
Invited talk at 'offtheCanvas' IndiaHCI prelude, 29th June 2024.
https://www.alandix.com/academic/talks/offtheCanvas-IndiaHCI2024/
The world is being changed fundamentally by AI and we are constantly faced with newspaper headlines about its harmful effects. However, there is also the potential to both ameliorate theses harms and use the new abilities of AI to transform society for the good. Can you make the difference?
2. When we say Indigenous architecture, what do
we mean?
Dwellings and structures that have responded to the topography and local
climate of the region
They have been built using locally available resources
They have emerged out of hard necessities of the place and the lifestyle
They are built by user themselves without professional architects
They represent a far less degree of specialization
They are dwellings that are a product of traditional customs and practices
3. Factors influencing vernacular architecture are
Topography
Climate
Materials and Resources
Users and lifestyle
Construction Technology
Culture and Traditions
7. Physical landscape of Himachal Pradesh
The land of Himachal Pradesh rises from the plains at an altitude from 350 meters mean sea level on the
southwest to an altitude of 6816 meters in the east towards the Tibetan plateau.
9. Altitude
Type of
area
Climatic
condition
s
Rainfall in
mm.
Shivalik
Zone
Mid-Hill
Zone
High hill
zone
TranceHimalayan
Zone
Up to 800 m
800m-1,600m
1,600m2,700m
2,700m3,600m
Valley areas
and foothills
Hilly and
mountain
ranges
Alpine
zone
Lahaul Spiti
and Kinnaur
range
Sub tropical
Slightly warm
temperature
Cool
temperatu
re with
humidity
Dry and
extremely
cold
conditions
1,500
1,500-3000
1,0001,500
500
Climate
There is a huge variation in the climatic conditions of Himachal Pradesh due to variation in altitude (450–6500
mts). The climate varies from hot and sub-humid tropical (450–900 metres) in the southern low tracts, warm and
temperate (900–1800 mts), cool and temperate (1900–2400 mts) and cold glacial and alpine (2400–4800 mts) in
the northern and eastern high elevated mountain ranges.
Source: http://www.hpagriculture.com/agro.htm
Character
isticsrs
11. Cedars of western Himalayas
Stones hauled from the quarries
Slate stones
Materials
The primary materials of construction here are wood and stone. Among variety of trees, deodar and kail are best
suited for construction.
12. Glimpse of socio-cultural landscape
Nearly 90% of the population in Himachal Pradesh is spread in thinly in small village. The rural population has
traditionally depended upon agriculture and animal husbandry as prime economic activities. The patterns of built
forms and settlements also reflect centrality of these activities .
13. Artisanal activities
Relative isolation , combined with harsh climate, and being cut off in the hills, appear to have encouraged
artisanal activities such as wood carving, weaving, embroidery, brass work etc. with a very refined aesthetic
sense.
14. Mohara. Mask as an object
of worship, Pujarli 4
Land of Gods: Socio-religious traditions
It is no wonder that every hamlet and village in the mountain- no matter how small it may be, worships one or
more devatas. This is perhaps the reason why temples occupy site that are experientially highly charged.
15. Village temple
Family
courtyard
Granaries
Indigenous
dwellings
Settlement patterns- Typical village along stepped contours
Temple is at the heart of most settlements and usually sited at the highest spot. The surrounding areas of the
temple is mainly used during festivals and religious gatherings by the inhabitants of the particular village
16.
17. Settlement patterns
The traditional settlements appear to have the ‘color of the land’ and appear just right, almost ecologically
planned. The landscape, materials, techniques of making, all contribute to a common formal language of
settlements in Himachal Pradesh.
18. Settlement patterns
Typically located along the contoured sunny slopes amidst the backdrop of hills and snow-clad mountains and
appear to organically grow out of the folds of the landscape.
20. Examples of kath-khuni houses
A typical house in Himachal Pradesh is built using kath-khuni construction technique and is usually two or three
storey high. The lower floor is for the cattle and the upper floors are for residing, storing, and kitchen
21. Examples of kath-khuni temples
The layered treatment is the same as that in a house but they often appear as standlike sentinels in the landscape.
The temples may rise much higher from a single storey to a tower with seven storeys.
22. Darbargadh at Sainj
Granaries in Chitlul
Other Kath-khuni buildings
The darbargadh built in Kath-khuni has very different proportioning system. However the method of construction,
remain mostly similar in each case.
23. Slate roof
Wooden
projecting
balconies
Floors
Wood and
stone walls
Stone
plinth
Typical components of a kath-khuni building
It shows a typical house, with guashala at the bottom, and living area on the top capped off by a pent-and-gable
roof; temple feature similar elements but different proportions.
24. 1. Foundation and plinth
Stone plinth is filled upto a meter from the ground level and higher in case of tower temples. The depth of the
trench is relative to the height of the structure. For a two storey house, the depth is 0.6 to 1 meter and incase of
tower temple it may be as deep as 3 meters.
25. 2. Wall (Wood-and-stone walls)
The walls are constructed with alternate courses of dry masonry and wood without any cementing mortar.
26. Courses 2,4,6
maanvi
Kadil
(wooden nail)
Courses 1,3, 5
Wall courses
This type of wall construction involves laying two wooden wall beams longitudinally parallel to each other with a
gap in-between. The space between the two members is filled with rubble stone and edge is secured with kadil
(wooden nail)
29. Two parallel crossbeams held together by a
dovetailed member
Wall construction
Dry masonry wood-and-stone wall of a temple construction in Devidhar .
Carpenter fixing a wooden log in the wall
construction in Devidhar
30. Wall punctures
Windows are provided in walls with solid plank shutters on all four sides and are usually very small. The same
window has rhythmic floral carvings on the outer face with a small opening.
31. Wooden shelves
Wooden side boards
A typical wall storage unit which
flushes within the wall thickness.
Wall storage units
A typical wall storage unit is fixed in the peripheral wall and flushes within the wall thickness.
33. Wooden posts
Diagonal braces
Cantilevered
beams
3. Projecting wooden balconies
A typical two storey house with a cantilevered balcony on the top floor. The wooden members supporting the
balcony rest on the wall.
34. 3. Projecting wooden balcony
All the vertical posts are connected through a horizontal member on top, on which sit the perpendicular members
(connected with a lap joint) projecting from a wall
35. 3. Projecting wooden balconies
Sometimes the balcony façade is open with a parapet or may be closed but with a series of openings to catch all
the possible warmth of the sun.
36. The upper floors are finished in wood and
cut is made in the ceiling to connect the
first floor and the second floors internally.
4. Floor and stairs
The ground floor is raised above the stone plinth and finished with adobe. It functions as an insulating layer and at
the same time remains warmer than stone finished surface.
40. Site leveling and foundation trench
Wall construction and door frame
Plinth and retaining wall
Wall construction with balcony
Construction sequence of a typical kath-khuni house
41. Top floor with balcony with posts
Roof structure
Fixing the roof structure
State stones laid on the roof
42. The structure contains two storey with two houses side by side. Top level are the living areas and kitchen. The lowest
area is used as the gaushala.
44. No external help
required
Locals can construct their
own houses.
Time and resource
efficiency
Wood and Stone are used
as an alternative against
slow setting mortar. All
materials are available in
the vicinity of the village
Low maintenance
Requires very low effort to
maintain and repair
Structural resilience
Non rigid construction
helps to dissipate the
stresses developed in the
earthquake.
45. Resource re-use
There is hardly any wastage
and since materials don’t
deteriorate for a long time
and can be reused.
Bio degradable
materials
No synthetic materials are
used or fixating materials
like mortar are used. Very
limited use of metal is seen.
Built form and
climate
Infill traps air within the
walls creating an insulation
zone.
46. Energy efficient
configuration and
elements
Cuboidal stacking along
contours, fetching
maximum sunlight.
Slope of the roof allows
snow to fall off whereas the
flatter part holds some
snow which acts as an
insulation layer
Cattle are kept at the
ground floor which keeps
the upper floors warm
48. Map of the silk route
The Silk Road is a historically important international trade route between China and the Mediterranean
The present day Hindustan-Tibet road that passes through Himachal Pradesh follows an old trade route
that branched from the famous Silk route into India.
Source: http://virtuallabs.stanford.edu/silkroad/SilkRoad.html
.
51. Bhatar construction in Pakistan
Bhatar is a pashtoo word for beam. Wood is the main structural member and the crosspieces tying the parallel
wooden beams shows the characteristic bhatar construction.
Source: http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Asia/Pakistan/General_Tips-Pakistan-Northern_Areas-BR-1.html
One of the most impressive structures using Bhatar
construction is the Baltit fort in Hunza valley dating
back some 800 years ago.
52. Koti-banal, row houses in Kumaon
People of the same caste or family come to live together and form linear settlements made out of
wood and stone, plastered with mud and slate roof on top. This is a very common typology of
building.
53. Bracing boards
Posts
Stone filling
Timber braced style in Sainj, Shimla
Dhajji-dewari model with diagonal bracing
Dhajji-dewari tackles shear forces due to their tensile nature as well as the way the bracing
pattern is made.
54. ‘Himis’ construction system in Turkey: A house in Safranbolu,
The silk route passed through this region which may explain diffusion of ideas from distant
regions in many local architectural traditions along the trade route.
57. Traditional knowledge and skills
Sometimes similarities arise due to shared histories and at other
time they arise as pragmatic responses to similar needs even if
societies may be separated in terms of time, space and
technologies.
58. Prepared by
Mansi Shah
Senior Researcher
DICRC
With
Jay Thakkar
Head of Research
DICRC
For more information refer:
Prathaa: Kath-khuni architecture of Himachal Pradesh