Wall finishes are used to enhance the interior or exterior appearance of structures. Common wall finishes include paint, wallpaper, tiles, and panels made of materials like wood, stone and glass. Proper installation and maintenance of wall finishes is important. Various techniques are used for different types of wall finishes to achieve unique aesthetic effects. Common types of wall finishes mentioned are cement texture finish, plaster of Paris finish, gypsum plaster finish, glass mosaic finish, laminate finish and marble powder finish.

1. WALL FINISHES
AR.VIJAY KUMAR

2. As the name “Wall Finishes” itself suggests that it is finish given to the wall to
enhance the interior or exterior look of the structure. Wall finishes used for the
interiors are quite delicate and need maintenance. The new contemporary
trend has brought about great deal of increase in the usage of various types of
wall finishes for the aesthetic purpose.
Wall finishes include:
those applied as a single, thin decorative covering, such as paint, wallpaper,
and vinyl wallcovering,
and those composed of several construction elements that can add
substantial thickness to a wall, such as ceramic tile or stone panels.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF WALL FINISHES:
Cement Textured Finish
Plaster of Paris Finish
Gypsum Plaster Finish
Glass Mosaic Finish
Designer Mirror Finish
Laminate Finish
Marble Powder Finish

3. 
An old technique in which plaster is applied over the wallboard or
concrete block using a lath. Textures range from smooth to
stucco. This technique is almost a lost trade and is not used in
new homes. It often chips and cracks as a house settles over the
years.

4. Shreenath Minerals
H-625 to 627 Mi.A. Alwar
(Rajasthan)
Infinite Impex
121 Gundecha Industrial Estate,
Akurli Road, Kandivili East ,
Mumbai, Maharashtra
Paridhi Udyog
296, Satya Niketan, Second floor ,
near Dhaula Kuan , Delhi
S.S. Enterprises
27-h-19, Davoli, Kanpur, Uttar
Pradesh

5. 

Designer mirrors are obtained by small pieces on walls to create
mural like design
Ratnam Granite & Marbles Pvt. Ltd.
G-50/51, Phase 4, RIICO Industrial Area, Rajasthan
Royal Industries
Kg-32 , Second Cross, Hbr Layout, Second Stage,
Venkaresh Pur, Bangalore Karnataka

6. 

Gypsum wallboard is the most commonly used material to cover walls in
interior projects.
It has evolved into a versatile, dependable material that is quick to install
and easy to repair. Made from a natural crystallized mineral, wallboard is
naturally fire resistant and can also act as a sound barrier.
GYPSUM BOARD OF 4’ WIDE SHEETS X 8’, 9’, OR 10’ HIGH is attached
directly to the stud walls.
The joints are taped, spackled and sanded so the seams do not show.
Texture may be applied or various other finish techniques.
A laminated material with a
gypsum core and paper covering
on either side.

7. The Ceramic Wall Tiles are highly
appreciated for their durability,
excellent finish, unique designs and
style.
For the benefits of the customers
the Ceramic Wall Tiles are
reasonably priced and hence
affordable by all.
Ceramic tile is especially useful in
kitchens and bathrooms because it
is water-resistant and easy to clean
and extremely durable.

8. ADVANTAGE -
• Ceramic tiles possess a wide range of properties, and certain tiles are
better suited for some installations than others.
•Ceramic tile absorb less amount of moisture.
•They are chemical resistance.
•Stain resistance.
•Freeze resistance.
•Thermal shock resistance.
DISADVANTAGES:
• Ceramic tile is brittle
• Any impact may cause it to crack
• These tiles are slippery if wet
• Expensive than others types of flooring

9. • To install ceramic tile you need to acquire some basic material like adhesive for tiles,
a grout mix, measurement tape, pencil, level, saw to cut tiles, sponge, notched
trowel, tile spacer, rubber float, and spacer.
• Firstly set the right lay out of your wall and measure the length and width of the wall,
then locate and begin installation from the centre of the wall.
• To ensure whether the tile pattern fits properly on the edges, ‘dry fit’ the tile.
• Now draw few vertical and horizontal lines on the wall with the help of pencil and
the size of the tile has to be same on reaching each end.
• Now apply the tile adhesive on the wall using notched trowel and fix the tiles on the
adhesive but never forget to leave some space between the tiles which can be done
using tile spacer.
• To attach the tiles firmly to the adhesive press and twist the tile on the adhesive.
• Trim the tile if required, and if the tiles are sharper at the end sandpaper could be
used to smoothen them.

10. Fa Home Fashion
Building# 1, Ground Floor, 318/1,
Shivalya Road, Chattarpur Delhi
Swiss Ceramic Pvt. Ltd.
20, Nala, a-nh B/h Varmora Vitrified,
Dhuva (Dist. Rajkot), Gujrat
Giant Indusries Ltd.
2-E, Vijay Chambers, Opp. Dreamland Cinema,
Tribhuvan Road, Mumbai, Maharashtra.
Kajaria Ceramics Ltd.
J-1/B-1, Mohan Co-op. Indl. Estate, Delhi
• Allow the tiles to dry for about 24 hours.
• Further check the tiles next day and remove the tile spacer.
• Now mix the grout and apply it at an approximately 45 degree angle using
rubber float. The excess grout must be wiped off with a sponge.
• Remove the haze that appears on the grout after 60-70 minutes.
• Finally take the caulk and seal the edges.

11. Glass Mosaic Finish
Glass mosaic tiles are small 1”x1”
on a cloth to get a workable size
12”x12” and this tile is pasted
with an adhesive on wall surfaces.
It can also be pasted on curved surfaces.
It comes in different colours and generally
Used in swimming pools.
Jaipur Tiles Pvt. Ltd.
359, Indra Bazaar, Jaipur, Rajasthan
Excel Enterprise
B-10 Motilal Center, Ashram Road, Gujarat
G.T. Impex
64, Mount Kailash , East of kailash , Delhi
KTCO Impex Pvt. Ltd.
25/16 , Punjabi Bagh Ext, Delhi

12. Marble Finish
This is a very smooth finish. The finish looks like Marble flooring. This finish is
obtained by mortar of marble powder, white cement and water. It is applied
manually.
Krishna Minerals
FB 62 (D) MIA, Alwar, Rajasthan
Shree Ji Marble Pvt. Ltd.
Nh-8 Gunjol Nathdwara, Rajasthan
Bravos Exports
No.21, Vetrivel street, Kamaraj Nagar, Chennai
Ashirwad Minerals And Marbles
E-93, Pratap Nagar, Udaipur Rajasthan
Typical stone used for wall finishes include:
Granite, marble, limestone, slate, sandstone.


13. Stone used as a finished wall surface can be achieved using two
different approaches:
Tiles: thin, small, modular, pieces, typically no larger than 12" x 12".
Panels/slabs: 3/4" up to 4" thick.


Marble panels attached to a sub-surface wall

14. Stained Glass Finish
It involves lot of creative work. The glass is decorated with itching, frosting, glass
pasting and finally colouring with suitable colours according to the theme. The
stained glass panels are used on walls and ceilings.
M B Syndicate
M B Chambers 30-31, S P Road, Bangalore,
Karnataka
Filigree Arts
89 Shivaji Nagar, Nagpur, Maharashtra
Pari Glass Fibre Industries
71, Apollo Industrial Estate, Maharashtra
Stain Seal
Rokadia lane, Borivali (w), 400 092, I, Mumbai,
Maharashtra India
The Art Link
The Panorama, 44 Pali Hill, Bandra, Mumbai,
Maharashtra India

15. WALL Paints
Paints are made up of four components:
Pigment, binder, solvent/liquid carrier, and additives.
Paint may have physical or chemical characteristics such as:
Matte surface, semi gloss surface, high gloss surface
Non-drip paint, primer, undercoats, anti-condensation,
Fire retardant paint (intumescent), metallic, concrete floor
Paint, porch paint, anti-fungus paint, heat resistant paint

16. • The binder is the material that forms the film, giving protection to the substrate
and keeping the pigment in place and evenly dispersed. It may be made up of a
single, or a combination of polymers.
• The binder may be dissolved in a solvent, or in the form of an emulsion or colloidal
dispersion in water.
• This results in solvent-borne and water-borne paints, respectively.
• Water-based: non-flammable, clean up with water, quick drying in good
conditions, low VOC content, low odor, non-yellowing
• Solvent-based: better drying in cold, damp conditions, better low-temperature
storage, no can corrosion problems, less wood-grain raising, higher gloss

17. MAINTENANCE:
• It is estimated that over 80% of paint failure is due to poor,
improper, or no surface preparation which results into peeling,
chalking, discoloration, blistering and cracking of the paint film.
• This can be corrected by the complete removal of the failed
paint, proper surface preparation and repainting.
• Moisture penetration should be avoided.
• Efflorescence should be avoided, a white powdery material. This occurs
either on newly built concrete, stone or masonry wall experiencing
water penetration.

18. 
• Wallcoverings offer improved durability over typical paint finishes while
providing texture and pattern to the wall surface.
• The most widely used wallcoverings for commercial use are vinyl's.
• There is a classification system used to compare all types of commercial
wallcovering.
• This is the ASTM F793 Standard Classification of Wallcoverings by
Durability Characteristics.

19. Materials & Backings
Vinyl:
• scrim, a loosely woven fabric backing used on Type I vinyls
• Osnaburg, a loose open weave fabric used on Type II vinyls
• Drill, a dense woven fabric with good dimensional stability used on Type II
and Type III vinyls
• Nonwoven, a paperlike backing used on Type I vinyls.
Wood Veneer: bonding wood veneer (about 1/64" thick) to a woven backing
material.
Textiles: paper backing or a latex coating
Fiberglass: a fiberglass fabric that is applied to a backing. Fiberglass
wallcoverings must be painted after they are installed.
Wallpaper: paper wallcoverings are generally restricted to residential use
because of fragility and poor wear resistance.

20. 
Wood comes in the form of paneling, plank and veneer, etc. It provides warmth
and is a good insulator but it tends to fade and is flammable. As a designer, you
must verify code compliance before installing it in commercial applications.

21. Wood Panelling
It is a decorative treatment done with wooden panels on the walls in various designs.
The material used can be plywood or wood covered with veneer or laminate.
Metro Decoratives Pvt.Ltd.
451, Sarojini Colony, Yamuna Nagar
Haryana
Asad Crafts
Green Park, Eidgah Road,
Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh
Indiaplywood
A-1/104, Sec-6, Rohini, New Delhi
The Mark Impex
12/1857/1, Sarai Gariba, Purani
Mandi, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh

22. •Paneling is a wall covering constructed from rigid or semi-rigid components. These are
traditionally interlocking wood.
• The panels served to insulate the room from the cold.
•Wood is a useful, elegant and refined material which was used all the time for different
pieces of furniture, decorative items.
ADVANTAGE:
• Easy to Install
Wood paneling comes in a variety of styles that are typically easy to install. Tongue-
and-groove is a type of paneling in which one end of the board, a small piece called a
tongue, sticks out, and on the other side a groove is cut into the wood. The tongue-
and-groove pieces are joined together to form a strong and invisible seam. V-joint
paneling is a style in which the panels are joined together to form a V-shape. Both
tongue-and-groove and V-joint panels that are ready to install.
• Long-Lasting
Wood panels can last a long time when cared for properly. We can use a variety of
paints, varnishes and stains to seal the wood and protect it for years to come. In
addition, you can change the color by painting over the existing color or by adding a
different stain, both of which increase the life of the panels. With proper cleaning,
routine maintenance like filling holes and painting, staining or varnishing, wood
paneling can last 10 to 20 years with ease.

23. • Waterproof
We can make wood panels waterproof with the application of a silicone
sealant. Install waterproof panels in bathrooms in place of standard ceramic
tiles. Since wood panels do not require grout to install, the surfaces can be
wiped down or cleaned without using bleach or other harsh chemicals that
grout requires. Use mild dishwashing detergent or chlorine-free bleach mixed
with a water solution to clean the caulk.
• Environmentally Friendly
Bamboo veneer is an environmentally friendly choice for wood panels..
• Wipe clean surface, No grout to discolor, Inhibits condensation, Insulates the
walls thermally, Insulates the walls acoustically, Little/no preparation of the
walls required, Will not rot.
DISADVANTAGE:
The only real disadvantage of wall paneling is the fact that there is a slightly limited
choice of colors compared to some other forms of wall covering.
Fire prone.
Maintenance problem.

24. Laminate Finish
Laminate comes in various colours and designs. It comes in the form of sheet and is
pasted with fevicol on Plywood.
Vee Jay Coir & Carpets
B-2, Housing Society South Extention
Part-1, Gurudwara Road Kotla
Mubarakpur, Delhi.
www.floorings-india.com
Drapes and Interiors
Plot No.-112, Industrial Area,Ph-2,
Panchkula, Haryana
www.vistadistributor.in
Virgin India INC
J3/137B, Rajouri Garden Delhi
Laminated Wooden Flooring
B-7-B, Kalkaji, New Delhi

25. 
Standard Wallpaper Types
Wallpapers are usually identified by their surface layers.
The most common types are:
Paper: This is the traditional product, made of paper and used most
frequently in restoration work. It’s not as durable as vinyl-based products

26. • Vinyl-coated: Made with a paper
backing that is sprayed with a vinyl or
acrylic coating, this is a step up in
durability from plain paper and is suitable
for every room in your house.
• Coated fabric: This product has a
fabric backing that is coated with liquid
vinyl. Coated fabric paper is used most
frequently in living rooms and bedrooms,
and less so in moister areas such as
kitchens and baths.
•
• Natural fibers: These papers are
made of materials, such as seagrass, sisal,
wool, and cotton, that are laminated onto
a paper backing. They can add a very
distinctive look but should be used only in
low-traffic, no-moisture areas.

27. Step 1: Prep the Area
Step 2: Check for Blemishes
Blemishes will show up more clearly through
wallpaper than through paint. To check for
blemishes, direct the beam of a flashlight along the
wall. Blemishes such as paint spatters will stand out
clearly. Smooth such blemishes with sandpaper.
Feel the wall for depressions and fill them in with
drywall compound
Step 3: Measure and Cut the Wallpaper
Examine the design of the wallpaper and determine where you want the pattern to
meet the ceiling. Measure out a length of wallpaper approximately 6" longer than
the wall. Make a small mark just above the point where you want the wallpaper to
reach the ceiling or crown molding.
Step 4: Activate the Adhesive
Step 5: Hang the First Piece

28. Step 6: Check the Corners for Wrinkles and Smooth Out the Wallpaper
Step 7: Hang the Remaining Pieces
Hang the second piece, starting at the top. Line up the seams as closely as
possible, and try to match the patterns exactly. Smooth the second piece as in the
previous step. Continue with each piece in the same manner
Step 8: Trim the Edges

29. Negative features of wallpapers
The edges are not so clear when joind at edges
They are costly
They are less durable as compare to paints
They have to be pasted well if not some air bubble can generate
They have to be matched properly
Should me properly maintained so that childerns don’t tear them off
Telephone:
01254. 668185 or 01254. 689253
Fax:
01254 691125
Companies & manufactures
Mike may wallpaper
Marshal
MISHA handmade wallpapers
Asian wallpapers

30. SPECIFICATIONS
Dimensions: 27 inches X 9 yds
Match Type: Straight match
Good Light fastness
Strippable
Acrylic Coated
Screen Printed
Washable
Pre-trimmed
Price: $76.00
Details
This high-style wallcovering collection is based on the Hollywood glamour of the
1920’s and reinterpreted with a twist for today’s home. Vintage leaves trail on
soft shimmery grounds, faux sequins softly glitter, and the silhouette
interpretation of the chandelier on an ombre background lends drama. Colors
range from sophisticated high contrast black and white, to a range of mid-tone
hues: caramel, dove grey, rosy pinks, soft golds and lavender. Some of the
collection highlights include the classic Greek Key border reinterpreted as a
panel design and attachable jewels that can be applied to the sunburst pattern
for that extra sparkle! Sophisticated vintage with a touch of whimsy, this is
Modern Chic.

31. MIO'S MODULAR 3D WALLPAPER
Create pattern variation by rotating the tiles or painting them. The
lightweight recycled paper modules can be installed temporarily with double
stick tape or permanently with wallpaper paste. A box of 12 tiles (12” x 12” x
2 1/4”) sell for about $32. Modular 3D Wallpaper is a new concept in surface
coverings that gives individuals the ability to customize and re-define space
on a budget.

32. 
Designers: Mike & Jennifer Tuttle
• Wall Flats are Inhabit's take on a modern, eco-friendly wallpaper.
• A modern embossed three-dimensional wallcovering that is good for the environment.
• Wall Flats are made from 100% bamboo pulp, one of the world’s most renewable
resources. No trees were harmed in the making of this product:) They are a sustainable
wallcovering that is free of chemicals and will not be a burden to the environment at the
end of it's lifecycle, since the tiles are 100% bio-degradable.
• Wall Flats are designed to expand in any direction with an automatic pattern
They can be installed, trimmed and painted with commonly available products and tools.
Scraps are biodegradable and can be recycled with other paper products or composted.
Wall Flats nest inside each other to create low volume cartons and easily ship with
common small parcel carriers.
Wall Flats are sold by the box and contains 10 tiles that cover
22.5 sq ft

33. Mirror Stickers
Wall Stickers can give
etching effect to any
plain ordinary glass. It
can be instantly fixed
on to the existing or
newly installed glass
and are available in
wide range of colored
pattern and various
etching effects. These
are cost effective and
easy to install. It can be
removed and replaced
with a new design, to
give a new look after
few years.

34. Acrylic Wall Mirrors are the newest "trend" in wall decals and are a great way
to add some funky decor to your home. Suitable for bathroom, bedroom or
just as wall decoration in living areas, wall mirrors can be used for any purpose.
Plus, they are more cost-effective and and much easier to install than
conventional mirrors. All you need to do is to remove the cover paper on the
back and the mirror will stick right to your wall.
Display Size: 40x60cm (sheet size)
Type: Mirror Decal (Acrylic

35. Mirror stickers by
Shree floor prints , New Delhi
Tonka
The Interioz Delhi
Wholesaler of wall stickers.

36. Blinds
Blinds can be pleasing to the eye, with regular lines to make each window
uniform, when viewed from either inside or outside your home.
Blinds offer a wide selection of colors and style.
When carefully designed, blinds can give you privacy from neighbors as
well as almost complete blockage of light for the daytime sleeper or those
long summer days.
Some blinds will help keep the heat in your house in the winter and the
sunlight out in the summer, making them a great energy saver.
While fabric window treatments are difficult to clean themselves and if
puddled on the floor, difficult to clean around, blinds don't interfere with
vacuuming, and with some newer applications of paint, can actually
discourage dust from settling on them

37. Type of blinds
• Vertical Blinds
• Roller Blinds
• Florette Blinds
• Duette Blinds
• Venetian Blinds
• Bamboo Blinds
• Roman Blinds

38. 
 Vertical blinds feature soft louvers that
provides elegant styling
 have excellent sound absorption.
 can be easily fitted and effective for
small or large windows.
 Because the fabric louvers can be opened
and closed as well as rotated they are
efficient at managing the level of light
allowed into your room.
 Provide a tight, symmetrical fit for
smooth, quiet performance.
 Most vertical blinds come in fabrics that
are machine washable and flame
retardant
Negative features
Generally made of fabrics so have to get washed time to time.
If sometime blinds not work properly or get some fault then we can see
one or two gaps in the window covers.

39. 
• Positive features
• Roller blinds are easy to install.
• Roller blinds shades come in
different fabrics, colors and
style.
• Look sleek and smart
• Easy to handle and maintain.
• fabrics that are machine
washable.
• flame retardant
• solar reflective, stain &
moisture resistant fabrics
available
Negative features
Get dirty very easily
Cant manage lighting properly

40. THANK YOU