The document discusses different types of cladding materials like stone, metal, timber and their purposes, benefits and installation methods. It provides details on stone cladding types, finishes, calculation of materials needed, surface preparation and the multi-step process of installing stone cladding including applying a scratch coat, laying out the stone, grouting and tooling the joints.

1. cladding
KETAN ANWESHA MOHITH
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS

2. What's Ahead
1 Purpose of Cladding
3 Placement systems
4 Methods of application
5 Pros and cons
2 Types of Cladding

3. 01
P U R P O S E
protection
and
aesthetics

4. control the infiltration of
weather elements
Observe the egress of
water vapour
durable, aesthetically
pleasing appearance.
sound and thermal
insulation
fire resistance
capacity for cleaning in
dusty, polluted or vandal
prone environments.
THE PRIMARY ROLES:
THE SECONDARY ROLES:

5. 02
T Y P E S
inside and
outside

6. INTERIOR
WWW.EUSS.EDU
• Stone
• Metal
• Timber
• Weather borad
• Fiber Cement
• Brick
• Vinyl
• Terracotta
• Mosaic
• Green Wall
• Glass Curtain Wall
EXTERIOR
• Timber
• PVC
• Back painted Glass
• Wallpaper
• Ceramic
• Stone

7. TIMBER
Look of elegance and
warmth
Painted any colour.

8. P.V.C
Long lasting,
Low maintenance,
Provides stone, timber
look,
Moisture resistant
Can be used in wet
areas.

9. BACK
PAINTED
GLASS
Colour Spray is a
uniquely formulated
resin based paint
system which is ideal
for the back painting of
glass for wall claddings.

10. CERAMIC
CLADDING
Resists changes in temperature
and atmospheric attack from
pollution, acid rain and smog.
Fixed to the buildings by an
adhesive.
Available in different colours and
style.
Long lasting

11. Stone sidings are applied to
the exterior walls of buildings
to give it the appearance of a
solid stone. elegant, natural,
and earthy
STONE
CLADDING

12. Stone cladding is comprised
of thin layers of natural or
simulated stone on the
exterior of homes or
buildings.
Stone sidings are applied to
the exterior walls of buildings
to give it the appearance of a
solid stone.
Simple and quick process
Looks elegant and natural

13. MATERIALSTRAVERTINE LIMESTONE GRANITE
CHARACTER: HAS VOIDS,
USUALLY HAS SOME VEINING,
VARIETY OF WARM COLORS
OPTIMAL FOR OUTDOOR USE
FOR CLADDING AND POOL
SURROUNDS AS IT IS
NATURALLY WATER
RESISTANT AS IT TENDS TO
PUSH WATER OUT DUE TO
THE WAY THE STONE IS
FORMED
CHARACTER: OFTEN HAS
VISIBLE FOSSILS EMBEDDED
WITHIN, SOME COLOR VARIETY.
NOT GENERALLY CHOSEN FOR
OUTDOORS DUE TO ITS
POROSITY AND TENDENCY TO
STAIN BUT IT CAN BE USED
WITH PROPER SEALING
CHARACTER: OFTEN HAS “BUSY”
VISUAL TEXTURE IN A VARIETY
OF COLORS.
THE HARDNESS OF THE STONE
MAKES GRANITE THE MOST
POPULAR CHOICE FOR ANY
OUTDOOR APPLICATIONS AND
EXTERIOR CLADDING

14. MATERIALS
ONYX
SLATE
TRANSLUCENT, CAN RANGE
FROM GOLD AND ORANGES
TO GREEN.
APPLICATIONS : WALL AND
DECORATIVE
CHARACTER: ROUGH TEXTURE,
MOSTLY GREYS, BUT SOME
VARIETIES HAVE DRAMATIC
SOME COLOR VARIATION.
GREAT FOR OUTDOOR USE

15. THESE STONES ARE
AVAILABLE IN THE FORM
OF TILES OR PANELS IN
THE CASE OF LARGER
NATURAL STONES AND IN
THE FORM OF MESH
MOUNTED PANELS IN THE
CASE SMALLER OR MORE
BRITTLE STONES.
THEY ARE FIXED TO THE
DESIGNATED AREAS WITH
CEMENT AND PLASTER OR
ADHESIVE AS
RECOMMENDED BY THE
VENDOR.

16. STONE FINISHES
NATURAL CLEFT POLISHED HONED
Natural Cleft Unique to slate &
sandstones, it has a slightly
uneven surface that is still
usable for flooring. This finish
cannot be created, but occurs
naturally as the layers are
quarried.
Grinding, sanding, and buffing
produces a high gloss, mirror-like
surface. Polishing can be done only
on crystallized stones. it enhances
the color and markings of the
material.
Grinding and sanding produces a
smooth, yet not glossy finish. This
is best for low maintenance, high
traffic applications. Honed finishes
unlike polished finishes are not
reflective. The honed finish is a
satin smooth surface with little
light reflection.

17. STONE FINISHES
SANDBLASTED SPLIT FACE VENEER BASED
This is a rough, but tidy look
created by applying a high
pressure blast of sand to the
stone's surface.
Mainly used for cladding, this is
achieved by splitting stone either
by hand or by machine so that the
surface exhibits a natural quarry
texture.
Any stone used as a decorative
facing material as wall cladding
which is not meant to be
load-bearing. Veneer may be made
from different finishes, such as
split face, cleft, honed, polished,
flamed or tumbled.

18. SOLID STONE CLADDING
SOLID STONE SIDING IS ONE OF THE OLDEST TYPES OF
SIDING AVAILABLE
IT OFFERS HIGH LEVEL OF PROTECTION AND ALMOST
NO MAINTENANCE IS REQUIRED.
DUE TO BEING REAL STONE IT WILL NOT BE DAMAGED
FROM DIRECT SUNLIGHT AND SO IT WON’T PEEL OVER
TIME OR LOOSE ITS NATURAL COLOR.
NATURAL STONE IS ALSO STRONG ENOUGH TO
PROTECT THE INTERIOR OF YOUR HOUSE FROM
NATURAL ELEMENTS. IN THIS WAY YOU CAN COMBINE
BEAUTY WITH PROPER PROTECTION.
TYPES

19. NATURAL STONE VENEER
SIMILAR TO SOLID STONE SIDING, NATURAL STONE
CLADDING IS MADE FROM REAL STONE PROCESSED
THROUGH SPECIAL DIAMOND BLADED SAWS TO CUT
OFF THE OUTSIDE LAYER.
THE NATURAL STONE CLADDING IS NOT A FULL STONE,
BUT RATHER A SLAB OF STONE THAT CAN BE AFFIXED
TO THE SIDE OF AN EXISTING STRUCTURE.
THIS PRODUCES VENEERS WITH NOMINAL
THICKNESSES OF
31-37 MM [1 1/4 TO 1 1/2 INCHES]
AT AN AVERAGE WEIGHT OF 50-75KG/SQM
(DEPENDING ON STONE SELECTION).
TYPES

20. PROS
Stone is impenetrable and will last a
lifetime
The look and feel of real stone
is unmatched.
Stone veneer gives you a similar look of
stone but about half the cost
Resistant to moisture, extreme
temperatures, insects, and fire
Zero maintenance other than being cleaned
with a pressure washer
Installing natural
stone requires heavy
labor and installation
time driving up the
cost
Stone veneer can have
the same moisture
problems as stucco
CONS

21. S T E P 1 : C A L C U L A T I N G
M A T E R I A L S
H O W M U C H S T O N E D O Y O U
N E E D ?
B E G I N B Y F I G U R I N G T H E
S Q U A R E F O O T A G E O F T H E
A R E A Y O U P L A N T O C O V E R
W I T H S T O N E ( L E N G T H X
H E I G H T ) . I F Y O U R P R O J E C T
I N C L U D E S C O R N E R S T O N E S ,
D E D U C T 1 S Q U A R E F O O T F O R
E A C H L I N E A R F O O T O F
C O R N E R S T H A T Y O U W I L L
U T I L I Z E .
INSTALLATION:
WET CLADDING

22. M O R T A R J O I N T S I Z E
O N E A S P E C T T O C O N S I D E R
W H E N C A L C U L A T I N G Y O U R
M A T E R I A L S I S T H E S I Z E
O F T H E M O R T A R J O I N T
B E T W E E N T H E P I E C E S O F
S T O N E . M O S T S T O N E I S
P A C K A G E D A S S U M I N G A
1 / 2 “ [ 1 3 M M ] M O R T A R
J O I N T . I F Y O U R J O I N T
W I L L V A R Y ( S U C H A S A
D R Y - S T A C K O R O V E R
G R O U T A P P L I C A T I O N )
A D J U S T Y O U R E S T I M A T E S
A C C O R D I N G L Y .
INSTALLATION:
WET CLADDING

23. S T E P 2 : S U R F A C E P R E P A R A T I O N
S T O N E V E N E E R C A N B E
I N S T A L L E D D I R E C T L Y T O
T H E S E S U R F A C E S I F C L E A N
A N D A B S E N T O F A N Y P A I N T
O R D E B R I S
S U R F A C E S T H A T H A V E B E E N
P A I N T E D M U S T B E S A N D
B L A S T E D O R O T H E R W I S E
S T R I P P E D O F P A I N T . S U R F A C E
M U S T B E F R E E O F P A I N T ,
D U S T , O R D I R T .
I F C L E A N I N G O F S U R F A C E I S
T O O D I F F I C U L T , M E T A L L A T H
M A Y B E A F F I X E D T O T H E
S U R F A C E W I T H C O N C R E T E
N A I L S

24. S T E P 3 : S C R A T C H C O A T
A S C R A T C H C O A T W I L L B E
N E E D E D W H E N M E T A L L A T H I S
U S E D . T H I S S T E P I S N O T
N E C E S S A R Y W H E N A P P L Y I N G
S T O N E V E N E E R T O A C L E A N E D
C O N C R E T E , M A S O N R Y , O R
S T U C C O S U R F A C E .
A P P L Y I N G T H E S C R A T C H C O A T
I F A S C R A T C H C O A T I S
N E C E S S A R Y , U S E A M A S O N R Y
T R O W E L T O A P P L Y A 1 3 M M
L A Y E R O F C E M E N T O V E R Y O U R
M E T A L L A T H .

25. S T E P 4 : A P P L Y I N G T H E S T O N E
B E F O R E A P P L Y I N G T H E S T O N E ,
I T I S A G O O D I D E A T O L A Y T H E
S T O N E O U T F L A T T O
D E T E R M I N E T H E S I Z I N G A N D
C O L O R S O F E A C H I N D I V I D U A L
P I E C E , H O W T H E Y W I L L B E
L A I D A N D I F A N Y T R I M M I N G
I S N E C E S S A R Y . A T T E M P T T O
K E E P J O I N T S A C O N S I S T E N T
H E I G H T A N D W I D T H .
N O R M A L L Y V E R T I C A L A N D
H O R I Z O N T A L J O I N T S S H O U L D
B E S T A G G E R E D T O P R E V E N T
L O N G , U N B R O K E N L I N E S T H A T
M A Y D R A W T H E E Y E T O A
P A R T I C U L A R A R E A .

26. S T E P 5 : G R O U T I N G & T O O L I N G
O N C E T H E S T O N E H A S B E E N
A F F I X E D T O T H E S C R A T C H C O A T
U S I N G M O R T A R , T H E J O I N T S , O R
G A P S B E T W E E N T H E S T O N E ,
W I L L B E F I L L E D W I T H G R O U T .