Arduino based Real Time Clock with Ringing of Bell and National Anthemrahulmonikasharma
Now a days many school and college bells are operated manually. Hence there is a huge demand of accuracy is required. In market there are many digital clocks available with bells but rings only at specific time and cannot stop after that specific time. A new and inexpensive design is being presented here, in this project. The benefit of this design is that, the bell rings at the start of each period without any human intervention and hence takes over the manual task of switching on/off the college bell with respect to time. It uses Real Time Clock (DS1307) which work at the real time. The Arduino UNO is used to control all the functions; it gets the time through the keypad and stores it in its memory and display it on LCD display. When this programmed time equals the real time then the bell is switched on via a relay and rings for a predetermined time. The bell ringing time can be edited at any time, so that it can be reused at normal class timings as well as at exam times. Also the voice play module with USB player and speaker, play the national anthem according to the users given time as programmed using Arduino UNO.
FAULT SECURE ENCODER AND DECODER WITH CLOCK GATINGVLSICS Design
This paper presents circuit design for a low power fault secure encoder and decoder system. Memory cells in logic circuits have been protected from soft errors for more than a decade due to increase in soft error rates. In this paper the circuitry around the memory block have been susceptible to soft errors and must be protected from faults. The proposed design uses error correcting codes and ring counter addressing scheme. In the ring counter several new clock gating techniques are proposed to reduce power consumption. A fault secure Encoder and Decoder error free low power logic circuits can be achieved by the proposed design. Simulation results show great improvement in power consumption. Fault secure Encoder and Decoder with clock gated by CG-element consumes approximately half the power of that consumed by the fault free circuit which doesn’t employ clock gating technique
Arduino based Real Time Clock with Ringing of Bell and National Anthemrahulmonikasharma
Now a days many school and college bells are operated manually. Hence there is a huge demand of accuracy is required. In market there are many digital clocks available with bells but rings only at specific time and cannot stop after that specific time. A new and inexpensive design is being presented here, in this project. The benefit of this design is that, the bell rings at the start of each period without any human intervention and hence takes over the manual task of switching on/off the college bell with respect to time. It uses Real Time Clock (DS1307) which work at the real time. The Arduino UNO is used to control all the functions; it gets the time through the keypad and stores it in its memory and display it on LCD display. When this programmed time equals the real time then the bell is switched on via a relay and rings for a predetermined time. The bell ringing time can be edited at any time, so that it can be reused at normal class timings as well as at exam times. Also the voice play module with USB player and speaker, play the national anthem according to the users given time as programmed using Arduino UNO.
FAULT SECURE ENCODER AND DECODER WITH CLOCK GATINGVLSICS Design
This paper presents circuit design for a low power fault secure encoder and decoder system. Memory cells in logic circuits have been protected from soft errors for more than a decade due to increase in soft error rates. In this paper the circuitry around the memory block have been susceptible to soft errors and must be protected from faults. The proposed design uses error correcting codes and ring counter addressing scheme. In the ring counter several new clock gating techniques are proposed to reduce power consumption. A fault secure Encoder and Decoder error free low power logic circuits can be achieved by the proposed design. Simulation results show great improvement in power consumption. Fault secure Encoder and Decoder with clock gated by CG-element consumes approximately half the power of that consumed by the fault free circuit which doesn’t employ clock gating technique
Interfacing Of PIC 18F252 Microcontroller with Real Time Clock via I2C ProtocolIJERA Editor
This paper describes a microcontroller based digital clock which can be used in real time systems. The system is constructed using PIC18F252 (microcontroller), DS1307 (real time clock IC) and its software program is written with C programming language. A 3v battery backup is provided to real time clock IC. Communication between PIC microcontroller and DS1307 takes place through I²C Bus protocol
Door control embedded system using accelerometer sensor Vikrant Gupta
it is a ver good system while we are in a office and have a cube at our table which will be rotated to control lock unlock of curtain door and windows will be controlled.
Summer training project report on embedded system at BSNL ALTTC Ghaziabad. Submitted by RAM AVTAR (ECE Department of IMSEC) of 2016 Batch. Submitted in IMS Engineering College, Gaziabad
final Year Projects, Final Year Projects in Chennai, Software Projects, Embedded Projects, Microcontrollers Projects, DSP Projects, VLSI Projects, Matlab Projects, Java Projects, .NET Projects, IEEE Projects, IEEE 2009 Projects, IEEE 2009 Projects, Software, IEEE 2009 Projects, Embedded, Software IEEE 2009 Projects, Embedded IEEE 2009 Projects, Final Year Project Titles, Final Year Project Reports, Final Year Project Review, Robotics Projects, Mechanical Projects, Electrical Projects, Power Electronics Projects, Power System Projects, Model Projects, Java Projects, J2EE Projects, Engineering Projects, Student Projects, Engineering College Projects, MCA Projects, BE Projects, BTech Projects, ME Projects, MTech Projects, Wireless Networks Projects, Network Security Projects, Networking Projects, final year projects, ieee projects, student projects, college projects, ieee projects in chennai, java projects, software ieee projects, embedded ieee projects, "ieee2009projects", "final year projects", "ieee projects", "Engineering Projects", "Final Year Projects in Chennai", "Final year Projects at Chennai", Java Projects, ASP.NET Projects, VB.NET Projects, C# Projects, Visual C++ Projects, Matlab Projects, NS2 Projects, C Projects, Microcontroller Projects, ATMEL Projects, PIC Projects, ARM Projects, DSP Projects, VLSI Projects, FPGA Projects, CPLD Projects, Power Electronics Projects, Electrical Projects, Robotics Projects, Solor Projects, MEMS Projects, J2EE Projects, J2ME Projects, AJAX Projects, Structs Projects, EJB Projects, Real Time Projects, Live Projects, Student Projects, Engineering Projects, MCA Projects, MBA Projects, College Projects, BE Projects, BTech Projects, ME Projects, MTech Projects, M.Sc Projects, Final Year Java Projects, Final Year ASP.NET Projects, Final Year VB.NET Projects, Final Year C# Projects, Final Year Visual C++ Projects, Final Year Matlab Projects, Final Year NS2 Projects, Final Year C Projects, Final Year Microcontroller Projects, Final Year ATMEL Projects, Final Year PIC Projects, Final Year ARM Projects, Final Year DSP Projects, Final Year VLSI Projects, Final Year FPGA Projects, Final Year CPLD Projects, Final Year Power Electronics Projects, Final Year Electrical Projects, Final Year Robotics Projects, Final Year Solor Projects, Final Year MEMS Projects, Final Year J2EE Projects, Final Year J2ME Projects, Final Year AJAX Projects, Final Year Structs Projects, Final Year EJB Projects, Final Year Real Time Projects, Final Year Live Projects, Final Year Student Projects, Final Year Engineering Projects, Final Year MCA Projects, Final Year MBA Projects, Final Year College Projects, Final Year BE Projects, Final Year BTech Projects, Final Year ME Projects, Final Year MTech Projects, Final Year M.Sc Projects, IEEE Java Projects, ASP.NET Projects, VB.NET Projects, C# Projects, Visual C++ Projects, Matlab Projects, NS2 Projects, C Projects, Microcontroller Projects, ATMEL Projects, PIC Projects, ARM Projects, DSP Projects, VLSI Projects, FPGA Projects, CPLD Projects, Power Electronics Projects, Electrical Projects, Robotics Projects, Solor Projects, MEMS Projects, J2EE Projects, J2ME Projects, AJAX Projects, Structs Projects, EJB Projects, Real Time Projects, Live Projects, Student Projects, Engineering Projects, MCA Projects, MBA Projects, College Projects, BE Projects, BTech Projects, ME Projects, MTech Projects, M.Sc Projects, IEEE 2009 Java Projects, IEEE 2009 ASP.NET Projects, IEEE 2009 VB.NET Projects, IEEE 2009 C# Projects, IEEE 2009 Visual C++ Projects, IEEE 2009 Matlab Projects, IEEE 2009 NS2 Projects, IEEE 2009 C Projects, IEEE 2009 Microcontroller Projects, IEEE 2009 ATMEL Projects, IEEE 2009 PIC Projects, IEEE 2009 ARM Projects, IEEE 2009 DSP Projects, IEEE 2009 VLSI Projects, IEEE 2009 FPGA Projects, IEEE 2009 CPLD Projects, IEEE 2009 Power Electronics Projects, IEEE 2009 Electrical Projects, IEEE 2009 Robotics Projects, IEEE 2009 Solor Projects, IEEE 2009 MEMS Projects, IEEE 2009 J2EE P
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Automatic irrigation system using ArduinoBalajiK109
In this project time operated electrical appliances like lamp and AC motor is locally customized device capable of switching electrical devices with respect to time and can be used for both home and commercial purposes. In this project we will be able to control the on and off of your devices between the time you want. They may be a light or motor etc., we will use the arduino Mega 2560, and the RTC 1307 to show and control the time. You can set the "ON" hour and the "OFF" hour.
1.Gives basic idea about what is arduino? and their funtionalites.
2. Applications of arduino
3. Adruino programming
4. what is Nodemcu ?
5. pindiagram of Nodemcu
Wireless Base CNC Mini Plotter Three Axis Control MachineGhulamDastgeer14
Abstract – In this paper, we make sure a propensity to
style a cheaper cost wireless CNC mini plotter three axis
control machine that combined with a microcontroller.
CNC machines area unit processed numerically and
conjointly use for draw cartoon pitchers and 3D pitchers
with ninety seven.5% accuracy. The mechanically part
according to design program fed into their controller unit.
Controller unit can be both laptop and microcontroller.
Wireless CNC machine have stepper & servo motors to
draw the any pitchers or signature as per the fed
program. This system essentially works with a HC-05
Bluetooth element (for wireless communication) 2 Stepper
motors for axis of rotation and one servo motor (for zaxis). This technique reduces the human effort and
utilization of vitality and time. As a result of we have
propensity to use a HC-05 element for wireless
communication between CNC machine and laptop or input
devices, we have a propensity to manage a CNC machine
with wireless communication. First paired devices and
then give the G-Codes to Arduino. The economical and
[proper] mounting of all the components and proper use
the software system and alignment of the circuit build the
system a lot of economical. We’ve got conjointly evaluated
our economic machine and have found its performance
adore the present cutting edge high ticket machines.
This system eliminates the need for any driver. Whenever the train arrives at the station it stops automatically. Then the door opens automatically so that the passengers can go inside the train and the door closes after a prescribed time. It counts and displays the number of passengers present in the train.
Advanced view of atmega microcontroller projects list at mega32 avrWiseNaeem
Most of the electronics geeks are asking the whole list of Atmega AVR projects PDF here we will share list every month as our projects are being updated on daily basis. PDF is a good source to work offline. We will offer direct PDF file download link with info of its release date , number of projects.
Interfacing Of PIC 18F252 Microcontroller with Real Time Clock via I2C ProtocolIJERA Editor
This paper describes a microcontroller based digital clock which can be used in real time systems. The system is constructed using PIC18F252 (microcontroller), DS1307 (real time clock IC) and its software program is written with C programming language. A 3v battery backup is provided to real time clock IC. Communication between PIC microcontroller and DS1307 takes place through I²C Bus protocol
Door control embedded system using accelerometer sensor Vikrant Gupta
it is a ver good system while we are in a office and have a cube at our table which will be rotated to control lock unlock of curtain door and windows will be controlled.
Summer training project report on embedded system at BSNL ALTTC Ghaziabad. Submitted by RAM AVTAR (ECE Department of IMSEC) of 2016 Batch. Submitted in IMS Engineering College, Gaziabad
final Year Projects, Final Year Projects in Chennai, Software Projects, Embedded Projects, Microcontrollers Projects, DSP Projects, VLSI Projects, Matlab Projects, Java Projects, .NET Projects, IEEE Projects, IEEE 2009 Projects, IEEE 2009 Projects, Software, IEEE 2009 Projects, Embedded, Software IEEE 2009 Projects, Embedded IEEE 2009 Projects, Final Year Project Titles, Final Year Project Reports, Final Year Project Review, Robotics Projects, Mechanical Projects, Electrical Projects, Power Electronics Projects, Power System Projects, Model Projects, Java Projects, J2EE Projects, Engineering Projects, Student Projects, Engineering College Projects, MCA Projects, BE Projects, BTech Projects, ME Projects, MTech Projects, Wireless Networks Projects, Network Security Projects, Networking Projects, final year projects, ieee projects, student projects, college projects, ieee projects in chennai, java projects, software ieee projects, embedded ieee projects, "ieee2009projects", "final year projects", "ieee projects", "Engineering Projects", "Final Year Projects in Chennai", "Final year Projects at Chennai", Java Projects, ASP.NET Projects, VB.NET Projects, C# Projects, Visual C++ Projects, Matlab Projects, NS2 Projects, C Projects, Microcontroller Projects, ATMEL Projects, PIC Projects, ARM Projects, DSP Projects, VLSI Projects, FPGA Projects, CPLD Projects, Power Electronics Projects, Electrical Projects, Robotics Projects, Solor Projects, MEMS Projects, J2EE Projects, J2ME Projects, AJAX Projects, Structs Projects, EJB Projects, Real Time Projects, Live Projects, Student Projects, Engineering Projects, MCA Projects, MBA Projects, College Projects, BE Projects, BTech Projects, ME Projects, MTech Projects, M.Sc Projects, Final Year Java Projects, Final Year ASP.NET Projects, Final Year VB.NET Projects, Final Year C# Projects, Final Year Visual C++ Projects, Final Year Matlab Projects, Final Year NS2 Projects, Final Year C Projects, Final Year Microcontroller Projects, Final Year ATMEL Projects, Final Year PIC Projects, Final Year ARM Projects, Final Year DSP Projects, Final Year VLSI Projects, Final Year FPGA Projects, Final Year CPLD Projects, Final Year Power Electronics Projects, Final Year Electrical Projects, Final Year Robotics Projects, Final Year Solor Projects, Final Year MEMS Projects, Final Year J2EE Projects, Final Year J2ME Projects, Final Year AJAX Projects, Final Year Structs Projects, Final Year EJB Projects, Final Year Real Time Projects, Final Year Live Projects, Final Year Student Projects, Final Year Engineering Projects, Final Year MCA Projects, Final Year MBA Projects, Final Year College Projects, Final Year BE Projects, Final Year BTech Projects, Final Year ME Projects, Final Year MTech Projects, Final Year M.Sc Projects, IEEE Java Projects, ASP.NET Projects, VB.NET Projects, C# Projects, Visual C++ Projects, Matlab Projects, NS2 Projects, C Projects, Microcontroller Projects, ATMEL Projects, PIC Projects, ARM Projects, DSP Projects, VLSI Projects, FPGA Projects, CPLD Projects, Power Electronics Projects, Electrical Projects, Robotics Projects, Solor Projects, MEMS Projects, J2EE Projects, J2ME Projects, AJAX Projects, Structs Projects, EJB Projects, Real Time Projects, Live Projects, Student Projects, Engineering Projects, MCA Projects, MBA Projects, College Projects, BE Projects, BTech Projects, ME Projects, MTech Projects, M.Sc Projects, IEEE 2009 Java Projects, IEEE 2009 ASP.NET Projects, IEEE 2009 VB.NET Projects, IEEE 2009 C# Projects, IEEE 2009 Visual C++ Projects, IEEE 2009 Matlab Projects, IEEE 2009 NS2 Projects, IEEE 2009 C Projects, IEEE 2009 Microcontroller Projects, IEEE 2009 ATMEL Projects, IEEE 2009 PIC Projects, IEEE 2009 ARM Projects, IEEE 2009 DSP Projects, IEEE 2009 VLSI Projects, IEEE 2009 FPGA Projects, IEEE 2009 CPLD Projects, IEEE 2009 Power Electronics Projects, IEEE 2009 Electrical Projects, IEEE 2009 Robotics Projects, IEEE 2009 Solor Projects, IEEE 2009 MEMS Projects, IEEE 2009 J2EE P
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Automatic irrigation system using ArduinoBalajiK109
In this project time operated electrical appliances like lamp and AC motor is locally customized device capable of switching electrical devices with respect to time and can be used for both home and commercial purposes. In this project we will be able to control the on and off of your devices between the time you want. They may be a light or motor etc., we will use the arduino Mega 2560, and the RTC 1307 to show and control the time. You can set the "ON" hour and the "OFF" hour.
1.Gives basic idea about what is arduino? and their funtionalites.
2. Applications of arduino
3. Adruino programming
4. what is Nodemcu ?
5. pindiagram of Nodemcu
Wireless Base CNC Mini Plotter Three Axis Control MachineGhulamDastgeer14
Abstract – In this paper, we make sure a propensity to
style a cheaper cost wireless CNC mini plotter three axis
control machine that combined with a microcontroller.
CNC machines area unit processed numerically and
conjointly use for draw cartoon pitchers and 3D pitchers
with ninety seven.5% accuracy. The mechanically part
according to design program fed into their controller unit.
Controller unit can be both laptop and microcontroller.
Wireless CNC machine have stepper & servo motors to
draw the any pitchers or signature as per the fed
program. This system essentially works with a HC-05
Bluetooth element (for wireless communication) 2 Stepper
motors for axis of rotation and one servo motor (for zaxis). This technique reduces the human effort and
utilization of vitality and time. As a result of we have
propensity to use a HC-05 element for wireless
communication between CNC machine and laptop or input
devices, we have a propensity to manage a CNC machine
with wireless communication. First paired devices and
then give the G-Codes to Arduino. The economical and
[proper] mounting of all the components and proper use
the software system and alignment of the circuit build the
system a lot of economical. We’ve got conjointly evaluated
our economic machine and have found its performance
adore the present cutting edge high ticket machines.
This system eliminates the need for any driver. Whenever the train arrives at the station it stops automatically. Then the door opens automatically so that the passengers can go inside the train and the door closes after a prescribed time. It counts and displays the number of passengers present in the train.
Advanced view of atmega microcontroller projects list at mega32 avrWiseNaeem
Most of the electronics geeks are asking the whole list of Atmega AVR projects PDF here we will share list every month as our projects are being updated on daily basis. PDF is a good source to work offline. We will offer direct PDF file download link with info of its release date , number of projects.
In this presentation, Stirling Dynamics discusses the uses and benefits of active controls for aerospace applications. The presentation covers the background of active controls, their current use and Stirling’s view on how active controls could be used in the future to enhance the flight simulation experience and to improve aircraft safety. Stirling has been at the forefront of the active controls since the early 1990s and is well positioned to lead the discussion on the future potential of the technology.
Wdm based fso link optimizing for 180 km using bessel filtereSAT Journals
Abstract Free space optical link is a growing field in communication due to its advantage of wide bandwidth, high security and easy installation. A wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) access network using free space optical (FSO) communication in different weather conditions like haze and rain are discussed in this article and find out the possibility of communication link up to 180 km in clear weather with 2.5 Gbps data rate on the wavelength of 1550 nm and up to 54 km in haze condition using same data rate & wave length. Further the effect of using two different low pass filter (Gaussian and Bessel) at the receiver are discussed and conclude that Bessel filter is better on 2.5 Gbps data rate for WDM based FSO link. Keywords: optical communications, wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM), free space optics (FSO)
The most important aspect of any color industry mixing which is main part which is controlled using PLC. The method that has to be used relies on varied objectives like superior quality, increased efficiency, high profit and other such points depending upon the purpose of the company that implies it. With the prime objective of catering to these necessities and the needs of the industrial sector, significance has been given here to automation.
FSO networks under turbulence - Northumbria University 2013 Research ConferenceJoaquin Perez
FSO networks: understanding route diversity under turbulence phenomena towards reliable FSO mesh networks design.
In last mile extensions of MANs, wireless mesh networks are multi-hop networks being used as backbone networks connecting end-users with the access points connected to the Internet. Wireless mesh networks are an attractive option over optical fibres because of their ease of installation and cost effectiveness of deployment[1]. Moreover, Free Space Optics (FSO) technology is an attractive option for use in mesh networks [2, 3]. However, time-variant influence of the atmosphere in FSO links that introduces one of the main drawbacks [4]. In order to overcome the turbulence induced fading in FSO systems, several techniques have been proposed These include: spatial transmitter/receiver diversity [5] [6]; adaptive beam forming [7]; wavelength diversity [8], multiple-beam communication [9], novel modulation techniques and hybrid RF/optical link scheme. Moreover, topology design and routing are essential tools for FSO mesh networks performance. The turbulence phenomena also influences in the topology and routing design of complex FSO networks, then route diversity techniques will improve the mesh network reliability [14]. For example, route diversity application within mesh optical networks deployed Tokyo provided interesting experiment results in [15]. This presentation will offer an overview of turbulence phenomena on FSO mesh networks from route diversity point of view.
References
[1] I. F. Akyildiz, X. Wang, and W. Wang, "Wireless mesh networks: a survey," Computer Networks, vol. 47, pp. 445-487, 2005.
[2] Z. Hu, P. Verma, and J. J. Sluss, "Improved reliability of free-space optical mesh networks through topology design," J. Opt. Netw., vol. 7, pp. 436-448, 2008.
[3] A. Kashyap, K. Lee, M. Kalantari, S. Khuller, and M. Shayman, "Integrated topology control and routing in wireless optical mesh networks," Computer Networks, vol. 51, pp. 4237-4251, 2007.
[4] Z. Ghassemlooy, W. Popoola, and S. Rajbhandari, Optical Wireless Communications : System and Channel Modelling with MATLAB: CRC Press 2012.
[5] S. M. Navidpour, M. Uysal, and M. Kavehrad, "BER performance of free-space optical transmission with spatial diversity," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 6, pp. 2813-2819, Aug 2007.
[6] H. Moradi, H. H. Refai, and P. G. LoPresti, "Switch-and-stay and switch-and-examine dual diversity for high-speed free-space optics links," IET Optoelectron, vol. 6, pp. 34-42, 2012.
[7] R. K. Tyson, "Bit-error rate for free-space adaptive optics laser communications," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A:, vol. 19, pp. 753-758, Apr 2002.
[8] V. Weerackody and A. R. Hammons, "Wavelength Correlation in Free Space Optical Communication Systems," in Proceedings of IEEE Military Communications Conference 2006, 2006, pp. pp. 1-6.
ESTIMATION OF CHANNEL IN OFDM WIRELESS CHANNEL USING LS AND MMSE TECHNIQUESIAEME Publication
In recent years with the increase in digital data communication, the need for high data rates with less information loss or distortion is being a continuous research area and new techniques are being invented in this area. Large amount of people are using the air interface for proper communication which also have a lot of drawbacks which include multipath fading, Inter symbol interference (ISI), Doppler shift etc..This paper is being presented on basis of channel estimation of wireless mobile OFDM channels using known pilot symbols.
In this Assignment I discuss about Optical fiber, Evolution of optical fiber: from the beginning to present and beyond, Types of optical fibers used in commercial applications, Losses in optical fiber link, Submarine cable system worldwide, SONET, Fiber optic network backbone in Bangladesh, Applications of optical fiber in 4G technologies and beyond
In digital logic and computing, a counter is a device which stores the number of times a particular event or process has occurred, often in relationship to a clock signal. CMOS devices are designed for high noise immunity and low static power consumption. CMOS accomplishes current reduction by complementing every nMOSFET with a pMOSFET and connecting both gates and both drains together. A high voltage on the gates will cause the nMOSFET to conduct and the pMOSFET to not conduct, while a low voltage on the gate causes the reverse. This arrangement greatly reduces power consumption and heat generation .Finally we proposed counter using SRAM model, provides the best resolution, high output current and good output-input current linearity.
ER Publication,
IJETR, IJMCTR,
Journals,
International Journals,
High Impact Journals,
Monthly Journal,
Good quality Journals,
Research,
Research Papers,
Research Article,
Free Journals, Open access Journals,
erpublication.org,
Engineering Journal,
Science Journals,
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
5. 1 INTRODUCTION TO VLSI
Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) is the process of creating integrated circuits
by combining thousands of transistors into a single chip. Since the invention
of the first Integrated Circuit(IC) by Jack Kilby in 1958, ability to pack more
and more transistors onto a single chip has been very rapid. In the early 1960s,
low density fabrication processes classified under Small Scale Integration (SSI)
in which transistor count was limited to about 10. This rapidly gave way to
Medium Scale Integration (MSI) later in the decade, when around 100 transis-
tors could be placed on a single chip. Early 1970s saw the growth of transistor
count to about 1000 per chip called the Large Scale Integration (LSI).
By mid-1980, the transistor count on a single chip exceeded 1000 and hence
came the age of Very Large Scale Integration or VLSI, which is large scale
integration with a single chip of size as small as 50 millimeters square having
more than a million transistor and circuits in it.
VLSI chiefly comprises of front end design and back end design. While
front end design includes digital design using HDL, design verification through
simulation and other verification techniques, the design from gates and design
for testability, backend design comprises of complementary metal-oxide semi-
conductor (CMOS) design and its characterization.The entire VLSI circuit de-
sign procedure follows a step by step approach, where each design step is fol-
lowed by simulation before it’s put into the hardware. Most VLSI designs are
classified into three Categories:
1. Analog: Small transistor count precision circuits such as Amplifiers, Data
converters, filters, Phase Locked Loops, Sensors etc.
2. Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICS): Progress in the fabri-
cation of internal circuits has enabled faster and more powerful circuits in
smaller and smaller devices. ASICS are created for specific purposes and
each device is created to do a particular job, and do it well.
3. Systems on a Chip (SoC): These are highly complex mixed signal circuits,
such as a network processor chip or a wireless radio chip.
Advantages offered by VLSI:
1. Integration improves the design
2. Compactness: less area, physically smaller.
3. Higher speed: lower parasitics(reduced interconnection length).
1
7. 2 EXPERIMENT NO.1(a)
AIM
Study the drain and transfer characteristics of NMOS.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED
Design Architect Tool by Mentor Graphics, LINUX operating system.
THEORY
MOSFET is a four terminal device. The voltage applied to the gate terminal de-
termines if and how much current flows between the source and the drain ports.
The body represents the fourth terminal of the transistor. Its function is sec-
ondary as it only serves to modulate the device characteristics and parameters.
In N-type MOSFET (NMOS), the body is of p-type. The drain, the source and
the channel between the two are of n-type.
Working of NMOS
Initially, VGS = 0, i.e. when no gate to source voltage is applied, it is similar
to two diodes connected back to back between the source and the drain. So,
no current flows from source to drain. Also, a depletion layer is formed at the
source-substrate and the drain-substrate junctions. The holes under the gate are
repelled to produce a depletion region and it becomes continuous.
The VGS is then increased above the Threshold Voltage. At this time, minor-
ity carriers in p-type substrate (electrons) cross the depletion region and reaches
under the gate. The process is called surface inversion.
Modes of operation
It has three modes of operation:
1. Cut-off mode: When no current flows through transistor i.e. ID = 0
occurs when
VGS < VTH
Where VGS: gate to source voltage ; VTH: threshold voltage
3
8. 2. Triode Region: It is a linear region in graph which obeys Ohms law. It
occurs when
VGS > VTH
and
VDS < VGS − VTH
The current equation in triode mode is given as:
ID =
W
L
.µn.Cox(VGS − VTH −
VDS
2
).VDS
3. Saturation Mode: When current becomes constant i.e. ID remains con-
stant no matter how much we increase VGS. It occurs when
VGS > VTH
and
VDS > VGS − VTH
The current equation in saturation mode is given as:
ID =
W
2L
.µn.Cox.(VGS − VTH)2
(1 + λp.VDS)
Where : modulation index
Schematic
Figure 1: Schematic of NMOS
4
9. Waveforms
Figure 2: Waveform of NMOS
Result
In V I characteristics of NMOS, we observe that at constant VGS if the value of
VDS will increase, then the drain current is saturated.
5
10. 3 EXPERIMENT NO.1(b)
AIM
To study the drain and transfer characteristics of PMOS.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED
Design Architect Tool by Mentor Graphics, LINUX operating system.
THEORY
The structure and operation of a PMOS device is essentially the same, except
that wherever there was n-type silicon, there is now p-type silicon. The PMOS
channel is a part of n-type substrate lying between two heavily doped p+ wells
beneath the source and drain.
Working of PMOS
The operation of PMOS is similar to NMOS. To create an inversion layer in the
n-type substrate, holes have to be attracted to the gate. As a result, p-type chan-
nel will induce between drain and source, the voltage VTH must be sufficiently
negative. The VTH is thus negative, so, channel is induced only if VGS < VTH If
we make the voltage VDS sufficiently negative, the p-type induced channel will
pinch-off. When VDS will be negative, the drain current will flow from source
to drain, exactly opposite to that of NMOS device with a positive VDS .
Modes of Operation
It has three modes of operation -
1. Cut-off mode: It is a mode in which channel is not formed and no current
flows through transistor i.e. ID = 0. It occurs when
VGS > VTH
Where VGS: gate to source voltage, VTH: threshold voltage.
6
11. 2. Linear/Triode region: It is a mode in which channel formation takes place
and thus, current flows from source to drain. This region of graph follows
Ohms law due to linear relationship between IDS and VDS. It occurs when
VGS < VTH
and
VDS > VGS − VTH
The current equation in triode mode is given as:
ID = −
W
L
.µn.Cox(VGS − VTH −
VDS
2
).VDS
3. Saturation mode: In this mode the channel pinches off and the VDSat
which the current saturation occurs is called VDSat or pinch-off voltage.
In this mode the PMOS acts similar to current source.ID is independent
of VDS. It occurs when
VGS < VTH
and
VDS < VGS − VTH
The current equation in saturation mode is given as:
ID = −
W
2L
.µn.Cox.(VGS − VTH)2
(1 + λp.VDS)
Where λp: modulation index
7
13. Waveforms
Figure 4: Waveform of PMOS
Result
The characteristics of PMOS are obtained. All the parameters(voltages and
current) are taken in negative side.
9
14. 4 EXPERIMENT NO.2
AIM
To study D.C. analysis of CMOS inverter.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED
Design Architect Tool by Mentor Graphics, LINUX operating system.
THEORY
Figure 5: Inverter truth table
Figure 6: CMOS inverter
The inverter is universally accepted as the most basic logic gate doing a
Boolean operation on a single input variable.As shown, the simple structure
consists of a combination of an PMOS transistor at the top and a NMOS tran-
sistor at the bottom. CMOS is referred to as complementary-symmetry metalox-
idesemiconductor. The words ”complementary-symmetry” refer to the fact that
the typical digital design style with CMOS uses complementary and symmetri-
cal pairs of p-type and n-type metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors
10
15. (MOSFETs) for logic functions. Two important characteristics of CMOS de-
vices are high noise immunity and low static power consumption. Significant
power is only drawn while the transistors in the CMOS device are switching be-
tween on and off states. Consequently, CMOS devices do not produce as much
waste heat as other forms of logic.
DC analysis of CMOS inverter
Figure 7: DC characteristics of CMOS inverter
As shown in above figure there are 5 regions of operation which are sum-
marized as in the table:
11
17. Waveforms
Figure 9: DC characteristic waveform of CMOS inverter
RESULT
The DC characteristic of CMOS inverter is obtained successfully.
13
18. 5 EXPERIMENT NO.3
AIM
To study transient analysis of CMOS inverter.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED
Design Architect Tool by Mentor Graphics, LINUX operating system.
THEORY
Figure 10: Transient characteristics of CMOS inverter with pulse input.
Transient analysis tells Vout(t) if Vin(t) changes. It requires solving differ-
ential equations. Input is usually considered to be a pulse stream.. It is also
called AC analysis or dynamic analysis or switching analysis.The switching
characteristic (Vout(t) given Vin(t)) of a logic gate tells the speed at which the
gate can operate. The switching speed of a logic gate can be measured in terms
of the time required to charge and discharge a capacitive load. Fig.1 shows the
dynamic characteristics of a CMOS inverter. The following are some formal
definitions of temporal parameters of digital circuits. All percentages are of the
steady state values.
1. Rise Time (tr) : Time taken to rise from 10% to 90%
14
19. 2. Fall Time (tf ): Time taken to fall from 90% to 10%
3. Edge Rate (trf ): (tr + tf )/2.
4. High-to-Low propagation delay (tpHL): Time taken to fall from VOH to
50%.
5. Low-to-High propagation delay (tpLH): Time taken to rise from 50% to
VOL.
6. Propagation Delay (tp): (tpHL + tpLH)/2.
7. Contamination Delay (tcd): Minimum time from the input crossing 50%
to the output crossing 50%.
Schematic
Figure 11: Schematic of CMOS inverter
15
20. Waveforms
Figure 12: Waveform of CMOS inverter
RESULT
The transient characteristics of the CMOS inverter using pulse input is obtained
successfully.
16
21. 6 EXPERIMENT NO.4
AIM
Calculate Rise time, Fall time and Propagation delay of CMOS inverter.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED
Design Architect Tool by Mentor Graphics, LINUX operating system.
THEORY
There are some basic terms that should be known for calculating the transient
parameters of a CMOS inverter. Those are:
1. Switching speed : limited by time taken to charge and discharge, CL .
2. Rise time, tr: Waveform to rise from 10% to 90% of its steady state value
3. Fall time tf , : 90% to 10% of steady state value
4. Delay time, td : time difference between input transition (50%) and 50%
output level
Figure 13: propagation delay graph
The propagation delay tp of a gate defines how quickly it responds to a change at
its inputs, it expresses the delay experienced by a signal when passing through
17
22. a gate. It is measured between the 50% transition points of the input and output
waveforms as shown in the figure 1 for an inverting gate. The τpLH defines the
response time of the gate for a low to high output transition, while τpHL refers
to a high to low transition. The propagation delay as the average of the two i.e.
tp =
1
2
(τpLH + τpHL)
Schematic
Figure 14: Schematic of CMOS inverter
18
23. Waveforms
Figure 15: Waveform of CMOS inverter
RESULT
Rise time, Fall time and Propagation delay of CMOS inverter are calculated.
19
24. 7 EXPERIMENT NO.5(a)
AIM
To design two input NOR gate using CMOS logic.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED
Design Architect Tool by Mentor Graphics, LINUX operating system.
THEORY
The NOR gate is a digital logic gate that implements logical NOR. A HIGH
output (1) results if both the inputs to the gate are LOW (0); if one or both input
is HIGH (1), a LOW output (0) results. NOR is the result of the negation of the
OR operator. It can also be seen as an AND gate with all the inputs inverted.
NOR is a functionally complete operationNOR gates can be combined to
generate any other logical function. NOR gates are so-called ”universal gates”
that can be combined to form any other kind of logic gate.
Figure 16: NOR Gate and its truth table
20
27. 8 EXPERIMENT NO.5(b)
AIM
To design two input NAND gate using CMOS logic.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED
Design Architect Tool by Mentor Graphics, LINUX operating system.
THEORY
The two-input NAND gate shown in the figure is built from four transistors. The
series-connection of the two n-channel transistors between GND and the gate-
output ensures that the gate-output is only driven low (logical 0) when both
gate inputs a or b are high (logical 1).The complementary parallel connection
of the two transistors between VCC and gate-output means that the gate-output
is driven high (logical 1) when one or both gate inputs are low (logical 0). The
net result is the logical NAND function.
Figure 20: NAND gate using CMOS logic and its truth table
23
29. Waveforms
Figure 22: Waveform of NAND Gate
RESULT
The wave forms of two input NAND gate are obtained successfully.
25
30. 9 EXPERIMENT NO.6(a)
AIM
To design two input XOR gate using CMOS logic.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED
Design Architect Tool by Mentor Graphics, LINUX operating system.
THEORY
output is ”true” if either, but not both, of the inputs are ”true.” The output is
”false” if both inputs are ”false” or if both inputs are ”true.” Another way of
looking at this circuit is to observe that the output is 1 if the inputs are different,
but 0 if the inputs are the same. XOR can also be viewed as addition modulo
2. As a result, XOR gates are used to implement binary addition The XOR
( exclusive-OR ) gate acts in the same way as the logical ”either/or.” The in
computers. The algebraic expressions
A.B + A.B
and
(A + B).A.B
both represent the XOR gate with inputs A and B.
Figure 23: XOR Gate and its truth table
26
32. Waveforms
Figure 25: Waveform of XOR Gate
RESULT
The wave forms of two input NAND gate are obtained successfully.
28
33. 10 EXPERIMENT NO.6(b)
AIM
To design two input XNOR gate using CMOS logic.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED
Design Architect Tool by Mentor Graphics, LINUX operating system.
THEORY
The XNOR gate (sometimes spelled ”exnor” or ”enor” and rarely written NXOR)
is a digital logic gate whose function is the inverse of the exclusive OR (XOR)
gate. The XNOR (exclusive-NOR) gate is a combination XOR gate followed
by an inverter.
The two-input version implements logical equality. A HIGH output (1) re-
sults if both of the inputs to the gate are the same. If one but not both inputs are
HIGH (1), a LOW output (0) results.
Figure 26: XNOR Gate and its truth table
29
35. Waveforms
Figure 28: Waveform of XNOR Gate
RESULT
The wave forms of two input XNOR gate are obtained successfully.
31
36. 11 EXPERIMENT NO.7
AIM
To design two input AND gate using two input NAND gate and inverter sym-
bols.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED
Design Architect Tool by Mentor Graphics, LINUX operating system.
THEORY
Figure 29: Two input AND gate with truth table
A logic gate is an elementary building block of a digital circuit. A Logic
AND Gate is a type of digital logic gate that has an output which is normally
at logic level 0 and only goes high to a logic level 1 when all of its inputs are
at logic level 1. The output state of a Logic AND Gate only returns low again
when any of its inputs are at a logic level 0. In other words for a logic AND
gate, any low input will give a low output. The logic or Boolean expression
given for a logic AND gate is that for Logical Multiplication which is denoted
by a single dot or full stop symbol,( . ) giving us the Boolean expression of:
A.B = Output
Then we can define the operation of a 2-input logic AND gate as being:
If both A and B are true, then Output is true.
32
37. Design
For designing two input AND gate with CMOS logic first we have to design
two input NAND gate and its output will be fed to a CMOS inverter to give the
output of AND gate as shown in the figure: Here the output of NAND gate say
Figure 30: AND gate using CMOS
Vz = Vx.Vy Then on passing it through the inverter gives out outputVf = Vx.Vy
which is the expression required for AND gate.
Schematic of NAND
Figure 31: Schematic of NAND gate
33
39. Schematic of AND
Figure 33: Schematic of AND gate
RESULT
Two input AND gate using two input NAND gate and Inverter symbols designed
successfully.
35
40. 12 EXPERIMENT NO.8
AIM
To design S-R latch using symbol of NAND gate.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED
Design Architect Tool by Mentor Graphics, LINUX operating system.
THEORY
A latch is a device with exactly two stable states. These states are high-output
and low-output. A latch has a feedback path, so information can be retained by
the device. Therefore latches can be memory devices, and can store one bit of
data for as long as the device is powered. Latches are very similar to flip-flops,
but are not synchronous devices, and do not operate on clock edges as flip-flops
do.
An SR latch (Set/Reset) is an asynchronous device: it works independently
of control signals and relies only on the state of the S and R inputs. SR latches
can be made from NAND gates. In this case, it is sometimes called an SR latch.
Figure 34: SR latch diagram with Function Table
36
41. Schematic of NAND Gate
Figure 35: Schematic of NAND Gate
Schematic(SYMBOL)
Figure 36: Schematic of Symbol of NAND Gate
37
42. Waveforms of NAND Gate
Figure 37: Waveform of NAND Gate
Schematic of SR Latch
Figure 38: Schematic of SR Latch
38
43. Waveforms of SR Latch
Figure 39: Waveform of SR latch
RESULT
S-R latch using symbol of NAND gate designed successfully.
39
44. 13 EXPERIMENT NO.9
AIM
To design D flip flop using CMOS logic.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED
Design Architect Tool by Mentor Graphics, LINUX operating system.
THEORY
The D flip-flop tracks the input, making transitions with match those of the input
D. The D stands for ”data”; this flip-flop stores the value that is on the data line.
It can be thought of as a basic memory cell. A D flip-flop can be made from a
set/reset flip-flop by tying the set to the reset through an inverter. D flip-flops
are by far the most common type of flip-flops and some devices (for example
some FPGAs) are made entirely from D flip-flops. They are also commonly
used for shift-registers and input synchronization.
Figure 40: Symbol and Truthtable of D flipflop
40