International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The important aspect of our project revolves around the concept of monitoring the machines utilized in the textile industry. It is aimed at continuously examining the components and machineries in the industry. This project have the ability to establish communication link between various machineries in industries and the controlling system. It also helps in sequential power ON and power OFF of the machineries depending on the outputs received from the controlling unit. The project enables automatic manipulation of the machineries. The controlling system monitors various parameters of the machineries and evaluates its performance and updates the required changes. The machineries will be linked via RF transmitter and receiver. This enables communication link between the controlling device and the connected recipient devices. For maintenance purposes both automatic and manual methods of manipulation are provided. Either of them can be chosen depending upon the purpose. When automatic mode is turned on the machines can be controlled only by the server.
A remote monitoring system for a three phase 10-kva switchable distribution t...eSAT Journals
This document describes the development of a remote monitoring system for a three-phase 10-kVA switchable distribution transformer using a Zigbee wireless network. A PIC microcontroller is used to control switching devices and monitor current, voltage, and temperature of the transformer. Zigbee wireless communication is used to transmit monitoring data from an acquisition module to a server module. The system allows remote monitoring of parameters like voltage, current, and temperature to monitor the condition of the transformer from a distance.
A remote monitoring system for a three phase 10-kva switchable distribution t...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
MEMS ACCELEROMETER BASED NONSPECIFIC – USER HAND GESTURE RECOGNITIONGrace Abraham
The document describes a MEMS accelerometer-based system for recognizing nonspecific user hand gestures. It analyzes gesture motion using a 3-axis accelerometer and develops three models for gesture recognition: 1) based on sign sequence and a Hopfield network, 2) based on velocity increment comparisons, and 3) based on sign sequence and template matching. The third model achieved the highest accuracy of 95.6% in experiments. Potential applications include controlling devices with hand gestures.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
GSM based agriculture monitoring systemIRJET Journal
This document describes an agriculture monitoring system that uses sensors to measure soil moisture and temperature, and sends alerts via SMS if the measurements exceed thresholds. The system includes an Arduino board connected to sensors for soil moisture and temperature, as well as a GSM module. The sensors continuously monitor conditions and transmit readings to users' phones via the GSM module if the moisture or temperature levels go above or below set points. This low-cost system allows small farmers to remotely monitor field conditions without expensive dedicated equipment.
This document describes the design of a 6 degree of freedom robotic arm that can be controlled over the internet. Key points:
- The robotic arm uses servo motors controlled by a microcontroller to achieve 6 degrees of freedom like a human arm.
- A user interface created in VB.NET allows remote control of the arm over the internet by sending signals to the microcontroller.
- An Atmega32 microcontroller interprets the signals and generates pulse-width modulation signals to control the servo motor position and movement of each joint in the arm.
Application of Microcontroller in Transmitter Section of Wireless Systemijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
The important aspect of our project revolves around the concept of monitoring the machines utilized in the textile industry. It is aimed at continuously examining the components and machineries in the industry. This project have the ability to establish communication link between various machineries in industries and the controlling system. It also helps in sequential power ON and power OFF of the machineries depending on the outputs received from the controlling unit. The project enables automatic manipulation of the machineries. The controlling system monitors various parameters of the machineries and evaluates its performance and updates the required changes. The machineries will be linked via RF transmitter and receiver. This enables communication link between the controlling device and the connected recipient devices. For maintenance purposes both automatic and manual methods of manipulation are provided. Either of them can be chosen depending upon the purpose. When automatic mode is turned on the machines can be controlled only by the server.
A remote monitoring system for a three phase 10-kva switchable distribution t...eSAT Journals
This document describes the development of a remote monitoring system for a three-phase 10-kVA switchable distribution transformer using a Zigbee wireless network. A PIC microcontroller is used to control switching devices and monitor current, voltage, and temperature of the transformer. Zigbee wireless communication is used to transmit monitoring data from an acquisition module to a server module. The system allows remote monitoring of parameters like voltage, current, and temperature to monitor the condition of the transformer from a distance.
A remote monitoring system for a three phase 10-kva switchable distribution t...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
MEMS ACCELEROMETER BASED NONSPECIFIC – USER HAND GESTURE RECOGNITIONGrace Abraham
The document describes a MEMS accelerometer-based system for recognizing nonspecific user hand gestures. It analyzes gesture motion using a 3-axis accelerometer and develops three models for gesture recognition: 1) based on sign sequence and a Hopfield network, 2) based on velocity increment comparisons, and 3) based on sign sequence and template matching. The third model achieved the highest accuracy of 95.6% in experiments. Potential applications include controlling devices with hand gestures.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
GSM based agriculture monitoring systemIRJET Journal
This document describes an agriculture monitoring system that uses sensors to measure soil moisture and temperature, and sends alerts via SMS if the measurements exceed thresholds. The system includes an Arduino board connected to sensors for soil moisture and temperature, as well as a GSM module. The sensors continuously monitor conditions and transmit readings to users' phones via the GSM module if the moisture or temperature levels go above or below set points. This low-cost system allows small farmers to remotely monitor field conditions without expensive dedicated equipment.
This document describes the design of a 6 degree of freedom robotic arm that can be controlled over the internet. Key points:
- The robotic arm uses servo motors controlled by a microcontroller to achieve 6 degrees of freedom like a human arm.
- A user interface created in VB.NET allows remote control of the arm over the internet by sending signals to the microcontroller.
- An Atmega32 microcontroller interprets the signals and generates pulse-width modulation signals to control the servo motor position and movement of each joint in the arm.
Application of Microcontroller in Transmitter Section of Wireless Systemijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
Nowadays every system is automated in order to face new challenges. In the present days, Automated systems have less manual operations, flexibility, reliability and accurate. Due to this demand, every field prefers automated control systems. Especially in the field of electronics automated systems are giving good performance in industries and on roads. The mechanical arrangement is arranged to the robot as a robotic car using solar energy. This project handles with two operations. One hand Autonomous, based on sensor application robotic car moves itself by avoiding an obstacle and to move in its paths. It explains the method of interfacing solar panel, relay circuit board, IR sensor to the car and how to send the command to the microcontroller to drive the car autonomously. On the other hand, it controls using BLUETOOTH modem, in order to control the robotic car using BLUETOOTH, the user has to send the predefined messages to the modem. When the modem receives these predefined messages, it intimates the same to the microcontroller. The microcontroller upon receiving the information from the modem acts in accordance with the message, making it a highly automated application.
This document describes a wireless SCADA system for industrial automation using M2M communication. The system uses various sensors to measure parameters like temperature, humidity, light, and LPG. An ADC converts the analog sensor readings to digital values, which a microcontroller processes and sends via GSM to a remote computer. The system allows monitoring and controlling industrial processes from anywhere via the internet. It aims to provide low-cost, low-power automation without distance barriers compared to traditional SCADAs. Future work may add switches/routers for networking and wireless cameras to improve security and monitoring capabilities.
Development of Distributed Mains Monitoring and Switching System for Indus Co...iosrjce
Indus Complex at Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT) has two synchrotron
radiation sources, Indus-1 and Indus-2. Microtron is injector to both the machines which sends electron pulses
to the Booster. A new, microcontroller based, distributed mains monitoring and switching system is developed
for Indus complex. It facilitates remote monitoring and switching of AC power switches to various subsystems. It
includes interfacing with power switches/Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCBs) of Indus machine subsystems. This
work involves development of hardware, firmware for microcontroller, implementation of communication
protocol; LabVIEW based server and client application. The developed system allows remote monitoring and
switching of MCBs from main control room.
Implementation of an Improved Microcontroller Based Moving Message Display Sy...IOSR Journals
This document describes the implementation of a microcontroller-based moving message display system using LEDs. A PIC16F648A microcontroller is programmed in assembly language to control a 49x8 LED dot matrix display and sequentially light the LEDs to display a 23 character message in a moving fashion. Decade counters are used along with the microcontroller to produce the shifting action of the characters. The dynamic display scheme employed helps improve display brightness and reduce energy consumption. Key components of the system include the microcontroller, counting unit with decade counters, LED display unit, and a power supply. PCB layout and programming of the microcontroller are discussed.
Internet enebled data acquisition and device controleSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents very simple and economical way to monitor and control boilers process used in chemical, pharmaceutical companies remotely with the help of internet. Microcontroller ATmega128 is used to which all sensors and devices are interfaced at its I/O pins. A Stand-Alone Ethernet Controller IC which handles most of the network protocol requirements ENC28J60 is interfaced to the microcontroller using SPI interface and acts as a communication media between microcontroller ATmega128 and remote user. The TCP/IP stack, application source code, and dynamic web page is stored in microcontroller ATmega128. Dynamic webpage is the key element which eliminates physical presence of user in the field and thus saves the labour time and money. Keywords: ATmega128, ENC28J60, TCP/IP, SPI interface, Dynamic webpage.
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
IRJET- Automation in Substation using Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)IRJET Journal
This document discusses automating a substation using a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). It begins with an introduction to increasing power demands globally and the need for automation in power systems. The document then provides details on PLC architecture and components, presents a connection diagram of an automated substation system using PLC and sensors, and describes the ladder logic programming. The automated substation system is able to detect faults and open circuit breakers without human intervention to prevent losses and equipment damage. In conclusion, the author states that automation improves transmission and distribution systems by reducing wasted energy and damage during faults.
FPGA based synchronous multi-channel PWM generator for humanoid robot IJECEIAES
In this paper, synchronous multi-channel pulse width modulation (PWM) generator for driving servo motors of humanoid robot was proposed. In an application, the humanoid robot requires smooth and beautiful movement, therefore the PWM signal for each servo motor must be synchronized. Since microcontroller (slave) has no enough channels to generate synchronous PWMs for 32 servo motors, field programmable gate array (FPGA) was used as slave for the humanoid robot. The FPGA was controlled by microcontroller (master) using serial communication. Simulation results show the system can perform serial communication, synchronize, and convert data well. The system can also generate PWM simultaneously with accurate duty cycle and fix period of 20ms.
The document discusses control systems in automobiles, specifically focusing on electronic control units (ECUs) and knock sensors. It provides details on how ECUs act as the "brain" of a vehicle by collecting sensor data to control engine functions like fuel injection and spark timing. Knock sensors detect engine knocking through vibrations and send signals to the ECU to optimize ignition timing and prevent damage. Microcontrollers play an important role in both ECUs and knock sensors to process signals and precisely manage engine performance and emissions.
Process monitoring, controlling and load management system in an induction motoreSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
It is a presentation for the Embedded System Basics. It will be very useful for the engineering students who need to know the basics of Embedded System.
This paper describes the "Design and Implementation of Tongue Motion Controlled Wheelchair". Most serious accidents and injuries often end with various motorist disabilities usually resulting in a limited control of the muscles of various body parts and in some worst case scenarios even the whole body. Tongue driven system is a new wireless assistive technology for persons severely disabled due to spinal cord injuries, quadriplegia or repetitive strain injuries RSI . It translates the user's intensions into control commands by detecting and classifying their voluntary tongue movements. Tongue driven system consists of an array of hall effect magnetic sensors and permanent magnet which is held on tongue using tissues adhesive and tongue piercing. An array of magnetic sensor is mounted on the headset outside the mouth. The RF module is used for wireless technology and AT mega328 is used as a controller. The sensor's output is wirelessly transmitted to the microcontroller and it will process the signal to control the movement of power wheelchair. Two DC motors are used to drive the wheelchair. This technology provides faster advanced smoother and more convenient control. Moe Myint Aung | Yu Yu Mon Win | Khin Su Hlaing "Tongue Motion Controlled Wheelchair" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25286.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/25286/tongue-motion-controlled-wheelchair/moe-myint-aung
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
An automatic wave probe reference setting mechanism in a high speed towing tankeSAT Journals
Abstract The wave generation system in a High Speed Towing Tank (HSTT) generates regular and irregular waves to simulate wave condition during ship model testing. A wave probe is used to measure the height of waves generated by the wave generation system which is placed at the centre of the towing tank from the wave generation system. Generally the initial wave height reference (zero-point) at no wave condition is set manually and it is difficult to set reference accurately and the procedure is time consuming. The work aims at development of an automatic mechanism for adjustment of zero point in HSTT. The intended system enables remote monitoring and setting wave probe height reference with better accuracy minimizing human intervention. The prototype results confirmed the efficacy of the proposed mechanism. Keywords: Towing Tank, Wave probe, Wave generating system.
This document discusses a study on the effect of cement combinations containing Portland cement, fly ash, silica fume, and metakaolin on the plastic density and workability of concrete. The results show that cement additions reduce the plastic density of concrete as the content increases. Fly ash concrete had lower plastic densities than silica fume and metakaolin concrete. At replacement levels below 55%, all cement combination concretes achieved plastic densities between 2350-2450 kg/m3. Fly ash reduced and silica fume and metakaolin increased superplasticiser dosage requirements. Metakaolin concrete required higher dosages than silica fume concrete. Cement additions improved cohesion but caused stickiness at higher pozz
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
Nowadays every system is automated in order to face new challenges. In the present days, Automated systems have less manual operations, flexibility, reliability and accurate. Due to this demand, every field prefers automated control systems. Especially in the field of electronics automated systems are giving good performance in industries and on roads. The mechanical arrangement is arranged to the robot as a robotic car using solar energy. This project handles with two operations. One hand Autonomous, based on sensor application robotic car moves itself by avoiding an obstacle and to move in its paths. It explains the method of interfacing solar panel, relay circuit board, IR sensor to the car and how to send the command to the microcontroller to drive the car autonomously. On the other hand, it controls using BLUETOOTH modem, in order to control the robotic car using BLUETOOTH, the user has to send the predefined messages to the modem. When the modem receives these predefined messages, it intimates the same to the microcontroller. The microcontroller upon receiving the information from the modem acts in accordance with the message, making it a highly automated application.
This document describes a wireless SCADA system for industrial automation using M2M communication. The system uses various sensors to measure parameters like temperature, humidity, light, and LPG. An ADC converts the analog sensor readings to digital values, which a microcontroller processes and sends via GSM to a remote computer. The system allows monitoring and controlling industrial processes from anywhere via the internet. It aims to provide low-cost, low-power automation without distance barriers compared to traditional SCADAs. Future work may add switches/routers for networking and wireless cameras to improve security and monitoring capabilities.
Development of Distributed Mains Monitoring and Switching System for Indus Co...iosrjce
Indus Complex at Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT) has two synchrotron
radiation sources, Indus-1 and Indus-2. Microtron is injector to both the machines which sends electron pulses
to the Booster. A new, microcontroller based, distributed mains monitoring and switching system is developed
for Indus complex. It facilitates remote monitoring and switching of AC power switches to various subsystems. It
includes interfacing with power switches/Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCBs) of Indus machine subsystems. This
work involves development of hardware, firmware for microcontroller, implementation of communication
protocol; LabVIEW based server and client application. The developed system allows remote monitoring and
switching of MCBs from main control room.
Implementation of an Improved Microcontroller Based Moving Message Display Sy...IOSR Journals
This document describes the implementation of a microcontroller-based moving message display system using LEDs. A PIC16F648A microcontroller is programmed in assembly language to control a 49x8 LED dot matrix display and sequentially light the LEDs to display a 23 character message in a moving fashion. Decade counters are used along with the microcontroller to produce the shifting action of the characters. The dynamic display scheme employed helps improve display brightness and reduce energy consumption. Key components of the system include the microcontroller, counting unit with decade counters, LED display unit, and a power supply. PCB layout and programming of the microcontroller are discussed.
Internet enebled data acquisition and device controleSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents very simple and economical way to monitor and control boilers process used in chemical, pharmaceutical companies remotely with the help of internet. Microcontroller ATmega128 is used to which all sensors and devices are interfaced at its I/O pins. A Stand-Alone Ethernet Controller IC which handles most of the network protocol requirements ENC28J60 is interfaced to the microcontroller using SPI interface and acts as a communication media between microcontroller ATmega128 and remote user. The TCP/IP stack, application source code, and dynamic web page is stored in microcontroller ATmega128. Dynamic webpage is the key element which eliminates physical presence of user in the field and thus saves the labour time and money. Keywords: ATmega128, ENC28J60, TCP/IP, SPI interface, Dynamic webpage.
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
IRJET- Automation in Substation using Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)IRJET Journal
This document discusses automating a substation using a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). It begins with an introduction to increasing power demands globally and the need for automation in power systems. The document then provides details on PLC architecture and components, presents a connection diagram of an automated substation system using PLC and sensors, and describes the ladder logic programming. The automated substation system is able to detect faults and open circuit breakers without human intervention to prevent losses and equipment damage. In conclusion, the author states that automation improves transmission and distribution systems by reducing wasted energy and damage during faults.
FPGA based synchronous multi-channel PWM generator for humanoid robot IJECEIAES
In this paper, synchronous multi-channel pulse width modulation (PWM) generator for driving servo motors of humanoid robot was proposed. In an application, the humanoid robot requires smooth and beautiful movement, therefore the PWM signal for each servo motor must be synchronized. Since microcontroller (slave) has no enough channels to generate synchronous PWMs for 32 servo motors, field programmable gate array (FPGA) was used as slave for the humanoid robot. The FPGA was controlled by microcontroller (master) using serial communication. Simulation results show the system can perform serial communication, synchronize, and convert data well. The system can also generate PWM simultaneously with accurate duty cycle and fix period of 20ms.
The document discusses control systems in automobiles, specifically focusing on electronic control units (ECUs) and knock sensors. It provides details on how ECUs act as the "brain" of a vehicle by collecting sensor data to control engine functions like fuel injection and spark timing. Knock sensors detect engine knocking through vibrations and send signals to the ECU to optimize ignition timing and prevent damage. Microcontrollers play an important role in both ECUs and knock sensors to process signals and precisely manage engine performance and emissions.
Process monitoring, controlling and load management system in an induction motoreSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
It is a presentation for the Embedded System Basics. It will be very useful for the engineering students who need to know the basics of Embedded System.
This paper describes the "Design and Implementation of Tongue Motion Controlled Wheelchair". Most serious accidents and injuries often end with various motorist disabilities usually resulting in a limited control of the muscles of various body parts and in some worst case scenarios even the whole body. Tongue driven system is a new wireless assistive technology for persons severely disabled due to spinal cord injuries, quadriplegia or repetitive strain injuries RSI . It translates the user's intensions into control commands by detecting and classifying their voluntary tongue movements. Tongue driven system consists of an array of hall effect magnetic sensors and permanent magnet which is held on tongue using tissues adhesive and tongue piercing. An array of magnetic sensor is mounted on the headset outside the mouth. The RF module is used for wireless technology and AT mega328 is used as a controller. The sensor's output is wirelessly transmitted to the microcontroller and it will process the signal to control the movement of power wheelchair. Two DC motors are used to drive the wheelchair. This technology provides faster advanced smoother and more convenient control. Moe Myint Aung | Yu Yu Mon Win | Khin Su Hlaing "Tongue Motion Controlled Wheelchair" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25286.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/25286/tongue-motion-controlled-wheelchair/moe-myint-aung
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
An automatic wave probe reference setting mechanism in a high speed towing tankeSAT Journals
Abstract The wave generation system in a High Speed Towing Tank (HSTT) generates regular and irregular waves to simulate wave condition during ship model testing. A wave probe is used to measure the height of waves generated by the wave generation system which is placed at the centre of the towing tank from the wave generation system. Generally the initial wave height reference (zero-point) at no wave condition is set manually and it is difficult to set reference accurately and the procedure is time consuming. The work aims at development of an automatic mechanism for adjustment of zero point in HSTT. The intended system enables remote monitoring and setting wave probe height reference with better accuracy minimizing human intervention. The prototype results confirmed the efficacy of the proposed mechanism. Keywords: Towing Tank, Wave probe, Wave generating system.
This document discusses a study on the effect of cement combinations containing Portland cement, fly ash, silica fume, and metakaolin on the plastic density and workability of concrete. The results show that cement additions reduce the plastic density of concrete as the content increases. Fly ash concrete had lower plastic densities than silica fume and metakaolin concrete. At replacement levels below 55%, all cement combination concretes achieved plastic densities between 2350-2450 kg/m3. Fly ash reduced and silica fume and metakaolin increased superplasticiser dosage requirements. Metakaolin concrete required higher dosages than silica fume concrete. Cement additions improved cohesion but caused stickiness at higher pozz
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The document describes a proposed method for extracting captions from videos. It involves three main steps: 1) Caption detection uses a stroke filter to identify stroke-like edges in captions, filtering out edges from complex backgrounds. 2) Caption localization spatially localizes captions in each video frame using an SVM classifier and temporally localizes captions appearing across multiple frames. 3) Caption segmentation separates caption pixels from background pixels. The proposed method aims to improve efficiency and accuracy over previous methods by considering temporal features to avoid extracting the same caption repeatedly.
This document compares different 16x16 and 4x4 multipliers based on the modified Booth algorithm. It discusses the general structure of multipliers including Booth encoding, partial product compression using adders like carry save adders and Kogge-Stone adders, and final addition. The document implements various multipliers in Verilog and compares their performance in terms of hardware resources and delay. It finds that radix-4 Booth encoding provides faster multipliers than radix-2 with similar power consumption and that Kogge-Stone adders provide faster addition than carry save adders.
This document discusses a study of fluid flow behavior under different gases and flow rates during gas metal arc welding (GMAW). An analytical model was developed to estimate fluid flow in GMAW torch nozzles under varying shielding gases (100% CO2, 100% Ar, 80% Ar/20% CO2) and gas flow rates. Experiments evaluated the model's predictions of fluid behavior and weld quality at different flow rates. Results show that with CO2, turbulence occurs over 35 L/min, while with Ar and the Ar/CO2 blend, turbulence is seen above 70 L/min. Maintaining flow rates below these thresholds is recommended for effective shielding during GMAW. The model provides a way
This document investigates the bit error rate (BER) performance of MIMO systems with different numbers of transmitting antennas. It begins with an introduction to fading in wireless channels and how MIMO can be used to combat it using multiple antennas. It then describes the Alamouti space-time coding scheme and how maximum likelihood decoding works. Simulations are presented comparing the BER of a BPSK modulated MIMO system with 2, 3, and 4 transmitting antennas under Rayleigh fading. The results show that increasing the number of transmitting antennas decreases the BER, with 4 antennas performing best due to a larger transmission matrix and more data being transmitted.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This paper presents a machine translation system that translates simple assertive English sentences to Marathi sentences. The system performs morphological analysis, part-of-speech tagging, and local word grouping to convert the meaning of the English sentence to the corresponding Marathi sentence. An English to Marathi bilingual dictionary is used for translation. The system aims to help people with primary education understand English words by providing translations to their native Marathi language.
This document summarizes two common non-invasive methods for measuring blood pressure: the auscultatory (Korotkoff) method and the oscillometric method. It provides a brief history of blood pressure measurement, from early invasive methods to the development of the cuff-based methods still used today. For the auscultatory method, it describes listening for Korotkoff sounds with a stethoscope as the cuff deflates and how different phases correlate with systolic and diastolic pressure. For the oscillometric method, it outlines how cuff pressure oscillations relate to blood pressure values. The document aims to review these two primary cuff-based techniques for spot blood pressure measurement.
1) The document studies the buckling behavior of fiber-reinforced plastic corrugated-core sandwich plates with different corrugation shapes and thicknesses under uni-axial compression.
2) Testing showed that for all sandwich panels, the failure mechanism was first face sheet delamination followed by core shear failure. Higher strain rates led to more foam core remaining on the face sheets after failure.
3) While sinusoidal corrugated cores showed very high buckling strengths, all corrugated core sandwich panels demonstrated increased wrinkling strength over uncorrugated designs.
Este documento descreve os objetivos gerais e potenciais recursos para a disciplina de Ciência dos Materiais. Os objetivos incluem compreender as propriedades dos materiais, estrutura atômica, defeitos, e relação entre microestrutura e comportamento mecânico. Dois potenciais recursos são questionários online para avaliar o conhecimento dos alunos e um jogo sobre planos cristalográficos.
Tracking limb motion using inertial measurement units (IMU)IRJET Journal
This document describes a system for tracking limb motion using inertial measurement units (IMUs). The system uses low-cost MEMS IMUs containing accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers to precisely track limb movement in 3 dimensions. IMUs are placed on the limbs and body to track skeletal motion. Data from the IMUs is transmitted to a microcontroller and then sent to a PC program for motion detection and analysis. The goal is to develop an accurate, low-cost system for applications like virtual reality and rehabilitation by monitoring limb movements without visual observation.
GSM Based Transformer Fault Monitoring Systemijtsrd
Transformer is a important part of the transmission and distribution system. Transformers Monitoring for problems before they occurs can prevent the faults that are expensive to repair and results in loss of service. Transformers are the essential part of power transmission network and expensive, as the cost of power failures. Because of much cost of scheduled and unscheduled maintenance, especially at the remote sites, the utility industry began investing in instrumentation and monitoring of the transformer. in this project we are implementing and of a mobile embedded system to monitor key parameters of a distribution transformer like load currents, oil level and ambient temperature. The idea of monitoring system integrates a global service mobile Modem, with a single chip microcontroller and different sensor interfacing. It is installed at the distribution transformer site and the above parameters are recorded using the analog to digital converter ADC of the embedded system. The parameters are processed and recorded in the system memory. If any emergency situation occurs the system sends SMS message to the mobile phones containing information about abnormality according to some predefined instructions which are programmed in the microcontroller. This system mobile will help the transformers to operate perfectly and identify problems before any failure. Assi. Prof. T. S. Barhate | Mr. Mangesh Patil | Mr. Vaibhav Bhagat | Mr. Rahul Ugale | Mr. Shubham Kandelkar | Mr. Kiran Tikare "GSM Based Transformer Fault Monitoring System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50166.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/50166/gsm-based-transformer-fault-monitoring-system/assi-prof-t-s-barhate
Wireless energy meter monitoring with automated tariff calculationUdayalakshmi JK
Electricity billing has become a difficult task. The board has to make regular visit to the consumers house to make the reading. Also it can cause manual error. Now here we are monitoring the energy meter with modern techniques. The total energy consumed by the consumer and the consumption cost is known to the consumer and to the board by means of a hand held device.
The document discusses the application of microcontrollers in the transmitter section of a wireless temperature monitoring system. It describes how the microcontroller controls various modules like the temperature sensor, analog to digital converter, and wireless transmitter. The temperature sensor measures the analog temperature signal which is converted to digital by the ADC and sent to the microcontroller. The microcontroller then processes the digital signal and transmits it via the wireless transmitter module at 433.92MHz to a receiver. The wireless system allows temperature monitoring from remote locations without physical wires.
LabVIEW Based Monitoring the Building in wireless communicationSathish Kumar
The presented wireless system for building monitoring takes advantage of the unique features of
custom-developed MEMS sensors and read-out ASIC combined with an optimized network and module
architecture, to realize a solution which offers long battery lifetime and potentially low cost in
manufacturing, installation and maintenance, while providing high-quality sensor data at the right
time which can be proposed for monitoring building to assess earthquake damage. Low power network
architecture was implemented over an 802.15.4 MAC in the 900-MHz band.A custom patchantenna
was designed in thisfrequency band to obtain robustlinks in real-worldconditions. The modules have
been validatedin a full-scale laboratory setup with simulated earthquakes. This will be illustrated via
LABVIEW software which shows the Temperature level in the time of Earthquake and which helps in
preventing the human life.
Mobile robotic platform to gathering real time sensory data in wireless perso...Alexander Decker
This document describes a mobile robotic platform that uses wireless communication to gather real-time sensory data. The robots use Zigbee transceivers to transmit data like temperature and gas content to a control room over a wireless personal area network. A graphical user interface in MATLAB is used to monitor and control the robots. The system allows for low-cost wireless monitoring in applications like home security, mining, and hazardous environment monitoring where robots can gather data that may be dangerous for humans. Hardware and software components of the transmitting robot nodes and receiving coordinator node are discussed, including microcontrollers, sensors, wireless modules and the MATLAB GUI interface.
This document describes the design and implementation of a Railway Track Geometry Surveying System. The system uses sensors like an accelerometer, ultrasonic sensor, ESP32 microcontroller, ESP32 camera, GPS module, and GSM module to detect any cracks or issues with the track geometry in real-time. When an issue is detected, the system will immediately notify the approaching train through wireless communication using the GPS and GSM modules. This helps avoid delays and saves time by alerting trains much faster when track issues are found. The system aims to improve railway safety by detecting track problems and sending alerts with location data so the issues can be addressed promptly.
A Digital Pen with a Trajectory Recognition AlgorithmIOSR Journals
Abstract : Now a days, the development of miniaturization technologies in electronic circuits and components has seriously decreased the dimension and weight of consumer electronic products, those are smart phones and handheld computers, and thus prepared them more handy and convenient. This paper contains an accelerometer-based digital pen for handwritten digit and gesture trajectory recognition applications. The digital pen consists of a triaxial accelerometer, a microcontroller, and an Zigbee wireless transmission module for sensing and collecting accelerations of handwriting and gesture trajectories. with this project we can do human computer interaction. Users can utilize this pen to write digits or make hand gestures, and the accelerations of hand motions calculated by the accelerometer are wirelessly transmitted to a computer for online trajectory recognition. So, by varying the position of mems (micro electro mechanical systems) we can capable to show the alphabetical characters in the PC. The acceleration signals calculated from the triaxial accelerometer are transmitted to a computer via the wireless module. Keywords - ARM, Zigbee, Sensors module
A Digital Pen with a Trajectory Recognition AlgorithmIOSR Journals
Abstract : Now a days, the development of miniaturization technologies in electronic circuits and components has seriously decreased the dimension and weight of consumer electronic products, those are smart phones and handheld computers, and thus prepared them more handy and convenient. This paper contains an accelerometer-based digital pen for handwritten digit and gesture trajectory recognition applications. The digital pen consists of a triaxial accelerometer, a microcontroller, and an Zigbee wireless transmission module for sensing and collecting accelerations of handwriting and gesture trajectories. with this project we can do human computer interaction. Users can utilize this pen to write digits or make hand gestures, and the accelerations of hand motions calculated by the accelerometer are wirelessly transmitted to a computer for online trajectory recognition. So, by varying the position of mems (micro electro mechanical systems) we can capable to show the alphabetical characters in the PC. The acceleration signals calculated from the triaxial accelerometer are transmitted to a computer via the wireless module. Keywords - ARM, Zigbee, Sensors module
A new method to prevent accidents in railways using microcontroller based onIAEME Publication
This document describes a proposed system to prevent train accidents using a microcontroller-based device called a Vigilance Control Device (VCD). The VCD would monitor the driver's operation of the train and automatically apply the brakes if it detects that the driver is incapacitated, asleep, or otherwise unable to control the train. It uses technologies like GPS and GSM to track the train's location and send alerts. The proposed system includes components like a microcontroller, LCD display, buzzer, relay, DC motor, GSM modem and GPS module. It is intended to increase safety by ensuring trains can be stopped even if the driver becomes unable to operate the controls.
Remote Monitoring System for Solar InvertersIRJET Journal
This document describes a remote monitoring system for solar inverters that allows their parameters to be monitored continuously from anywhere in the world. The system uses a microcontroller to monitor the inverters and upload the real-time parameter data to a server via GSM. This diminishes the need for on-site technicians and allows lights-out operation at remote locations. The monitoring system components include a dsPIC33EP32MC202 microcontroller, EEPROM for data storage, real-time clock, LCD display interfaced via SPI, and an SD card for additional data storage.
Education set for collecting and visualizing data using sensor system based ...IJMER
This article presents the issues of the wireless sensor measuring systems design which might
be used in education process of computer science faculty. The work shows the integration of a simple
measuring system, data management system, visual system and the hardware. Education set is designed
to consolidate knowledge in many fields of computer science and the interdependence between them, as
programming techniques, database, Web server, communications protocols, software and hardware.
Presented measuring sensor system consists of a number of measurement nodes, whose role is to
provide information about certain desirable characteristics, warning against natural hazards or
violation of the physical safety. An important part of the sensor system is a measuring subsystem and
the collecting measurement data subsystem. The article presents the temperature measurement sensor
system concepts and measurement data storage and visualization methods
Research on wireless Deviation Mode of Foundation Pit Surveying SystemIJRESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Aiming at the working principle and measurement method of the active inclinometer which is widely used in the foundation pit engineering, a new automatic inclinometer method is proposed for ZigBee, which is a close-range wireless communication technology. Using the tilt sensor SCA100T, through the DTU data transmission module, the real-time measured data through the microprocessor STC12C5630AD processing sent to the ZigBee network, to achieve the computer's remote monitoring and automatic tilt measurement.
The document describes a wireless data acquisition system using an ARM Cortex M-3 processor. The system collects data from gas, humidity, and temperature sensors and transmits the data wirelessly via Bluetooth to a host computer. The ARM processor samples the sensor data using its analog-to-digital converter and transmits the digital values to the host computer in real-time. The host computer receives the data using a Bluetooth receiver and displays the measurements graphically using MATLAB for monitoring and analysis purposes. The system provides wireless short-range data collection and is suitable for applications like industrial monitoring and mobile meter reading.
Wireless Data Acquisition System Using ARM Cortex M-3IOSR Journals
The document describes a wireless data acquisition system using an ARM Cortex M-3 processor. The system collects data from gas, humidity, and temperature sensors and transmits the data wirelessly via Bluetooth to a host computer. The host computer uses virtual instrument software to process and display the received data in real-time. The system provides wireless and real-time data collection that can be used in applications like industrial monitoring and mobile meter reading.
Smart Monitoring System for Substation’ Parameters and Automatic under Freque...BRNSSPublicationHubI
The document describes a smart monitoring system for electrical substations that was designed and tested. The system uses sensors to monitor parameters like voltage, current, temperature, humidity and frequency. It is implemented using an ESP32 microcontroller, PZEM-004T and DHT11 sensors. The system transmits real-time data via MQTT protocol to a Cayenne dashboard. It was installed and tested at a real 132kV substation, and the sensor readings matched the actual station values. The system can help detect faults and allow remote monitoring of substation equipment performance.
Education set for collecting and visualizing data using sensor system based o...IJMER
This document describes the design of an education set for collecting and visualizing sensor data using an AVR microcontroller-based system. The system includes sensor nodes that measure temperature and transmit readings wirelessly to a gateway. The gateway sends the data to a server where it is stored in a database. The data is then visualized on a website. The system is designed to teach students about programming techniques, databases, web servers, communication protocols, and hardware integration through a practical wireless sensor network project. It uses an ATmega microcontroller, radio transmitter, and DS18B20 temperature sensor in each node. The gateway receives data via radio and sends it to a server running XAMPP where MySQL stores it. A PHP-based website
German tech company Fraunhofer has developed a wearable time-keeping device to more accurately measure the time taken for workers to perform tasks in factories. The device, a sensor-equipped sleeve, aims to address drawbacks of existing stopwatch methods by reducing worker anxiety and freeing up supervisor time. The sleeve contains accelerometers that can differentiate workers' movements like reaching and grasping down to the second. The data is analyzed to identify inefficient motions and make process improvements, potentially optimizing productivity. While increasing efficiency, the device may also be seen as burdening workers by scrutinizing their every motion.
The document describes a new wearable time-keeping system developed by Fraunhofer to more accurately measure the time taken by workers to perform tasks in factories. Existing stopwatch methods can only monitor a few workers and make them nervous. The new system uses sensor-equipped sleeves to record workers' arm movements without supervision needed. Data from the sleeves is analyzed to identify inefficient motions and optimize processes. The system aims to maximize efficiency while acknowledging workers may occasionally need breaks.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIVladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
This presentation delves into the journey of Albumentations.ai, a highly successful open-source library for data augmentation.
Created out of a necessity for superior performance in Kaggle competitions, Albumentations has grown to become a widely used tool among data scientists and machine learning practitioners.
This case study covers various aspects, including:
People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
Challenges: The hurdles in monetizing open-source projects and measuring user engagement.
Development Practices: Best practices for creating, maintaining, and scaling open-source libraries, including code hygiene, CI/CD, and fast iteration.
Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
1. Selva Vasanth M / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.1408-1417
1408 | P a g e
EMBEDDED SOFTWARE DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION
FOR PLATFORM STABILIZATION USING MEMS
Selva Vasanth M
Department Of ECE, M.E Embedded System, Sathyabama University,Chennai-119,
Tamil Nadu, India
ABSTRACT
Platform stabilization is more important
in most of the large scale applications like the oil
well and nuclear product based processing
machines and systems. So stabilization of that
machinery is more important, failing to do so
may cause a major damage to the society and
which may even lead to an accident. Hence to
avoid those kinds of accidents and damage,
manual monitoring of those large systems and
making necessary changes is practically
impossible. This can be fully automated using the
MEMS technology which will be more accurate
and reliable in stabilizing the platform thereby
making the whole system safe. Outcome of the
project will be a cost effective method of
stabilizing a platform and making the needful
changes so that the platform or any system is
stable. The process is automated by using MEMS
technology and with the help of Microcontroller.
Keywords: MEMS(Micro Electro Mechanical
Systems), Microcontroller, Automation.
I. INTRODUCTION
MEMS (Micro electro Mechanical systems)
have their applications in Modern cell phones,
accelerometers and widely as many kinds of
electronic sensors. Their small size and its accuracy
make it an important tool in many modern day
applications. In my project we are using an
accelerometer sensor for calculating displacement of
big platforms and stabilize them by driving the
motors that counter acts for the displacement.
Accelerometer is used to calculate the acceleration
in terms of g- force (Gravitational force). By
knowing the g- force we can find acceleration in any
particular axis. We are using LIS302-DL
accelerometer sensor that can be interfaced through
I2C bus. This can be fully automated using the
MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems)
technology which will be more accurate and reliable
in stabilizing the platform thereby making the whole
system safe. The main idea behind this technology is
measuring the acceleration with respect to the
direction of the gravitational force from a device
which is placed at a fixed position in the system and
by reading the data from the MEMS
device, the angle of all 3 axes is found with respect
to the gravitational force for every one second.
When there is a change in the value of the
angle which will be detected by the microcontroller
which communicates with the MEMS device. When
a tilt or change in position of any of the axes is
detected the microcontroller is programmed in such
a way to drive 3 motors which are connected to the
output of the microcontroller. The monitoring
process is continuous and every second’s change is
responded by the controller and the output to drive
the motors to stabilize the platform. Renesas
M16C/65 Microcontroller is used as the heart of the
system for the automating the whole process.
LIS302DL is the accelerometer which is used to
sense the acceleration of the system.
II. BLOCK DIAGRAM AND
EXPLANATION
Fig. 1.Block Platform stabilization using MEMS
and Microcontroller.
2. Selva Vasanth M / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
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Fig. 2. Graphical representation of the MEMS
device which obeys at the rate of 2.5V and their
output modulation (proposed by ST-Micro
Systems (LIS302DL)).
Fig.1 illustrates that the MEMS device which is just
mean time connected with the Analogy to Digital
Converter for more accuracy and this is fed in to the
controller for processing. In this mean time the
MEMS device which illustrates that it produces the
reading in the range of 0-255 readings in a time scale
based on the value of sensory production in all the
X, Y and Z-axis slotted in the Fig.2. They are
capable of producing the output sequentially through
the I2C communication network. And the incoming
values are stored in the buffer calculated and
processed in the meantime and also in a regular time
scale. Whenever there is a request from the
controller the MEMS device have to initialize and
produces the output through the I2C bus. And the
value change remains periodically according to their
state if there is any deflection found in that value’s
the controller gets alerted and to drive the motor
with the help of motor driver circuits. Here in this
project proposal can be made with the help of
simulation instead of the motor driver and control.
III. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS)
Accelerometer (LIS302DL):
The LIS302DL is an ultra-compact low-
power three axes linear accelerometer. It includes a
sensing element and an IC interface able to provide
the measured acceleration to the external world
through I2C/SPI serial interface. The sensing
element, capable of detecting the 17 acceleration, is
manufactured using a dedicated process developed
by ST to produce inertial sensors and actuators in
silicon. The IC interface is manufactured using a
CMOS process that allows designing a dedicated
circuit which is trimmed to better match the sensing
element characteristics. The LIS302DL has
dynamically user selectable full scales of ± 2g/± 8g
and it is capable of measuring accelerations with an
output data rate of 100 Hz or 400 Hz.A self-test
capability allows the user to check the functioning of
the sensor in the final application. The device may
be configured to generate inertial wake-up/free-fall
interrupt signals when a programmable acceleration
threshold is crossed at least in one of the three axes.
Thresholds and timing of interrupt generators are
programmable by the user. The LIS302DL is
available in plastic Thin Land Grid Array package
(TLGA) and it is guaranteed to operate over an
extended temperature range from -40 °C to +85 °C.
The LIS302DL belongs to a family of products
suitable for a variety of applications:
Free-fall detection, Motion activated
functions, gaming and virtual reality input devices,
Vibration monitoring and compensation
Features
The LIS302DL have many important and
useful features. Features of the MEMS IC
LIS302DL are listed below:
1.8 V compatible IOs
8g dynamically selectable full
Scale.
-test
Block Diagram
The LIS302DL MEMS architecture
includes Multiplexer, Analog to Digital Converter
and Control unit. The input for the MEMS is taken
from the movement of the object in which it is
mounted. And the output is given to the master
device by using I2C interface or SPI interface. The
Block Diagram of the LIS302DL in Figure .3 as
follows
Fig. 3. Block Diagram of LIS302Dl proposed by
ST Microsystems.
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RENESAS M16/C65 MICROCONTROLLER
Features
The M16C/65 Group microcomputer
(MCU) incorporates the M16C/60 Series CPU core
and flash memory, employing sophisticated
instructions for a high level of efficiency. This MCU
has 1 Mbyte of address space (expandable to 4
Mbytes), and it is capable of executing instructions
at high speed. In addition, the CPU core boasts a
multiplier for high-speed operation processing.
Power consumption is low, and the M16C/65 Group
supports operating modes that allow additional
power control. The MCU also uses an anti-noise
configuration to reduce emissions of electromagnetic
noise and is designed to withstand electromagnetic
interference (EMI). By integrating many of the
peripheral functions, including the multifunction
timer and serial interface, the number of system
components has been reduced.
Block Diagram
Fig .4 The Block Diagram of the 100 pin M16C/65
proposed by RENUSAS.
The M16C/65 Group includes 128-pin,
100-pin, and 80-pin packages. In this project we use
100 pin IC package. The Block Diagram of the 100
pin M16C/65 is shown in Figure 4.
Fig .5 The Pin Assignment of the 100 pin
M16C/65 (RENUSAS)
I2C INITIALIZATION
I2C Introduction
I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) generically
referred to as "two-wire interface" is a multi-master
serial single-ended computer bus invented by Philips
that is used to attach low-speed peripherals to a
motherboard, embedded system, cellphone, or other
electronic device. In my project I used to
Operations
I2C uses only two bidirectional open-drain
lines, Serial Data Line (SDA) and Serial Clock
(SCL), pulled up with resistors. Typical voltages
used are +5 V or +3.3 V although systems with other
voltages are permitted. The I2C reference design
has a 7-bit address space with 16 reserved addresses,
so a maximum of 112 nodes can communicate on
the same bus. Common I2C bus speeds are the 100
kbit/s standard mode and the 10 kbit/s low-speed
mode, but arbitrarily low clock frequencies are also
allowed. Recent revisions of I2C can host more
nodes and run at faster speeds (400 kbit/s Fast mode,
1 Mbit/sFast mode plus or Fm+, and 3.4 Mbit/s High
Speed mode). These speeds are more widely used on
embedded systems than on PCs. There are also other
features, such as 16-bit addressing.Note that the bit
rates quoted are for the transactions between master
and slave without clock stretching or other hardware
overhead. Protocol overheads include a slave
address and perhaps a register address within the
slave device as well as per-byte ACK/NACK bits.
So the actual transfer rate of user data is lower than
those peak bit rates alone would imply. For example,
if each interaction with a slave inefficiently allows
only 1 byte of data to be transferred, the data rate
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will be less than half the peak bit rate. The
maximum number of nodes is limited by the address
space, and also by the total bus capacitance of 400
pF, which restricts practical communication
distances to a few meters.
Message Protocols
I2C defines three basic types of messages, each of
which begins with a START and ends with a STOP:
slave;
slave;
least two reads and/or writes to one or more slaves.
In a combined message, each read or write begins
with a START and the slave address. After the first
START, these are also called repeated START bits;
repeated START bits are not preceded by STOP bits,
which is how slaves know the next transfer is part of
the same message. Any given slave will only
respond to particular messages, as defined by its
product documentation.Pure I2C systems support
arbitrary message structures. SMBus is restricted to
nine of those structures, such as read word N and
write word N, involving a single slave. PMBus
extends SMBus with a Group protocol, allowing
multiple such SMBus transactions to be sent in one
combined message. The terminating STOP indicates
when those grouped actions should take effect. For
example, one PMBus operation might reconfigure
three power supplies (using three different I2C slave
addresses), and their new configurations would take
effect at the same time: when they receive that
STOP.
In practice, most slaves adopt
request/response control models, where one or more
bytes following a write command are treated as a
command or address. Those bytes determine how
subsequent written bytes are treated and/or how the
slave responds on subsequent reads. Most SMBus
operations involve single byte commands. A sample
schematic with one master (a microcontroller), three
slave nodes (an ADC, a DAC, and a
microcontroller), and pull-up resistors (Rp) is shown
in Fig.6
Fig.6 A sample schematic of I2C Connection
Timing Diagram
Data transfer is initiated with the START
bit (S) when SDA is pulled low while SCL stays
high. Then, SDA sets the transferred bit while SCL
is low (blue) and the data is sampled (received)
when SCL rises (green). When the transfer is
complete, a STOP bit (P) is sent by releasing the
data line to allow it to be pulled up while SCL is
constantly high. The timing diagram of I2C Bus is
given in Figure 7
Fig.7 The timing diagram of I2C Bus.
I2C Operations in MEMS
The transaction on the bus is started
through a START (ST) signal. A START condition
is defined as a HIGH to LOW transition on the data
line while the SCL line is held HIGH. After this has
been transmitted by the Master, the bus is considered
busy. The next byte of data transmitted after the start
condition contains the address of the slave in the
first 7 bits and the eighth bit tells whether the Master
is receiving data from the slave or transmitting data
to the slave. When an address is sent, each device in
the system compares the first seven bits after a start
condition with its address. If they match, the device
considers itself addressed by the Master.
Table .1 SAD+Read/Write patterns
The Slave ADdress (SAD) associated to the
LIS302DL is 001110xb. SDO pad can be used to
modify less significant bit of the device address. If
SDO pad is connected to voltage supply LSb is ‘1’
(address 0011101b) else if SDO pad is connected to
ground LSb value is ‘0’ (address 0011100b). This
solution permits to connect and address two different
accelerometers to the same I2C lines. How the
SAD+Read/Write bit pattern is composed, listing all
the possible configurations are explains in Talbe 3.1
Data transfer with acknowledge is mandatory. The
transmitter must release the SDA line during the
acknowledge pulse. The receiver must then pull the
data line LOW so that it remains stable low during
the HIGH period of the acknowledge clock pulse. A
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receiver which has been addressed is obliged to
generate an acknowledge signal after each byte of
data has been received.
The I2C embedded inside the LIS302DL
behaves like a slave device and the following
protocol must be adhered to. After the start condition
(ST) a salve address is sent, once a slave
acknowledge (SAK) has been returned, a 8-bit sub-
address will be transmitted: the 7 LSb represent the
actual register address while the MSB enables
address auto increment. If the MSb of the SUB field
is 1, the SUB (register address) will be automatically
incremented to allow multiple data read/write. The
slave address is completed with a Read/Write bit. If
the bit was ‘1’ (Read), a repeated START (SR)
condition will have to be issued after the two sub-
address bytes; if the bit is ‘0’ (Write) the Master will
transmit to the slave with direction unchanged. The
MEMS configuration settings are given in Figure 8
Fig.8 The MEMS configuration settings
I2C Operations in M16C/65
As mentioned earlier the M16C/65 MCU a
is more complicated device. The following
configuration settings can implemented with the help
of the data sheet only.
IV. Detection of Start and Stop
Conditions
Whether a start or a stop condition has been
detected is determined. A start condition detect
interrupt request is generated when the SDAi pin
changes state from high to low while the SCLi pin is
in the high state. A stop condition detect interrupt
request is generated when the SDAi pin changes
state from low to high while the SCLi pin is in the
high state. Because the start and stop condition
detect interrupts share an interrupt control register
and vector, check the BBS bit in the UiSMR register
to determine which interrupt source is requesting the
interrupt.
Output of Start and Stop Conditions
A start condition is generated by setting the
STAREQ bit in the UiSMR4 register (i = 0 to 2, 5 to
7) to 1 (start).
A restart condition is generated by setting the
RSTAREQ bit in the UiSMR4 register to 1 (start). A
stop condition is generated by setting the STPREQ
bit in the UiSMR4 register to 1 (start). The output
procedure is as follows.
bit to 1 (start).
(output).
3.2.4.3 Arbitration
Un matching of the transmit data and SDAi
pin input data is checked in synchronization with the
rising edge of SCLi. Use the ABC bit in the UiSMR
register to select the point at which the ABT bit in
the UiRB register is updated. If the ABC bit is 0
(update per bit), the ABT bit is set to 1 at the same
time un matching is detected during check, and is set
to 0 when not detected. If the ABC bit is set to 1, if
un matching is ever detected, the ABT bit is set to 1
(un matching detected) at the falling edge of the
clock pulse of the 9th bit. If the ABT bit needs to be
updated per byte, set the ABT bit to 0 (undetected)
after detecting acknowledge for the first byte, before
transmitting/receiving the next byte.
Setting the ALS bit in the UiSMR2 register to 1
(SDA output stop enabled) causes an arbitration-lost
to occur, in which case the SDAi pin is placed in the
high-impedance state at the same time the ABT bit is
set to 1 (un matching detected).
Transmit/Receive Clock
The CSC bit in the UiSMR2 register is used
to synchronize an internally generated clock
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(internal SCLi) and an external clock supplied to the
SCLi pin. If the CSC bit is set to 1 (clock
synchronization enabled), if a falling edge on the
SCLi pin is detected while the internal SCLi is high,
the internal SCLi goes low, at which time the value
of the UiBRG register is reloaded with and starts
counting the low-level intervals. If the internal SCLi
changes state from low to high while the SCLi pin is
low, counting stops, and when the SCLi pin goes
high, counting restarts. In this way, the UARTi
transmit/receive clock is equivalent to AND of the
internal SCLi and the clock signal applied to the
SCLi pin. The transmit/receive clock works from a
half cycle before the falling edge of the internal
SCLi 1st bit to the rising edge of the 9th bit. To use
this function, select an internal clock for the
transmit/receive clock.The SWC bit in the UiSMR2
register determines whether the SCLi pin is fixed
low or freed from low-level output at the falling
edge of the 9th clock pulse. If the SCLHI bit in the
UiSMR4 register is set to 1 (enabled), SCLi output is
turned off (placed in the high-impedance state) when
a stop condition is detected.When the SWC2 bit in
the UiSMR2 register is set to 1 (0 output), a low-
level signal can be forcibly output from the SCLi pin
even while transmitting or receiving data. When the
SWC2 bit is set to 0 (transmit/receive clock), a low-
level signal output from the SCLi pin is cancelled,
and the transmit/ receive clock is input and output.If
the SWC9 bit in the UiSMR4 register is set to 1
(SCL hold low enabled) when the CKPH bit in the
UiSMR3 register is 1, the SCLi pin is fixed low at
the falling edge of the clock pulse next to the 9th.
Setting the SWC9 bit to 0 (SCL hold low disabled)
frees the SCLi pin from low-level output.
SDA Output
The data written to bits 7 to 0 (D7 to D0) in
the UiTB register is output in descending order from
D7. The 9th bit (D8) is ACK or NACK. Set the
initial value of SDAi transmit output when IICM is 1
(I2C mode) and bits SMD2 to SMD0 in the UiMR
register are 000b (serial interface disabled).Bits DL2
to DL0 in the UiSMR3 register allow addition of no
delays or a delay of 2 to 8 UiBRG count source
clock cycles to the SDAi output. Setting the SDHI
bit in the UiSMR2 register to 1 (SDA output
disabled) forcibly places the SDAi pin in the high-
impedance state. Do not write to the SDHI bit at the
rising edge of the UARTi transmit/ receive clock.
This is because the ABT bit may inadvertently be set
to 1 (detected).
SDA Input
When the IICM2 bit is 0, the 1st to 8th bits
(D7 to D0) of received data are stored in bits 7 to 0
in the UiRB register. The 9th bit (D8) is ACK or
NACK.When the IICM2 bit is 1, the 1st to 7th bits
(D7 to D1) of received data are stored in bits 6 to 0
in the UiRB register and the 8th bit (D0) is stored in
bit 8 in the UiRB register. Even when the IICM2 bit
is 1, the same data as when the IICM2 bit is 0 can be
read, provided the CKPH bit is 1. To read the data,
read the UiRB register after the rising edge of 9th bit
of the clock.
ACK and NACK
If the STSPSEL bit in the UiSMR4 register
is set to 0 (start and stop conditions not generated)
and the ACKC bit in the UiSMR4 register is set to 1
(ACK data output), the value of the ACKD bit in the
UiSMR4 register is output from the SDAi pin.
If the IICM2 bit is 0, a NACK interrupt request is
generated if the SDAi pin remains high at the rising
edge of the 9th bit of transmit clock pulse. An ACK
interrupt request is generated if the SDAi pin is low
at the rising edge of the 9th bit of the transmit clock.
If ACKi is selected to generate a DMA1 or DMA3
request source, a DMA transfer can be activated by
detection of an acknowledge.
Initialization of Transmission/Reception
If a start condition is detected while the
STAC bit is 1 (UARTi initialization enabled), the
serial interface operates as described below.The
transmit shift register is initialized, and the contents
of the UiTB register are transferred to the transmit
shift register. In this way, the serial interface starts
sending data when the next clock pulse is applied.
However, the UARTi output value does not change
state and remains the same as when a start condition
was detected until the first bit of data is output in
synchronization with the input clock. The SWC bit
is set to 1 (SCL wait output enabled). Consequently,
the SCLi pin is pulled low at the falling edge of the
9th clock pulse.
Schematic of I2C Initialization
The device core is supplied through Vdd
line while the I/O pads are supplied through Vdd_IO
line. Power supply decoupling capacitors (100 nF
ceramic, 10 μF Al) should be placed as near as
possible to the pin 6 of the device (common design
practice). All the voltage and ground supplies must
be present at the same time to have proper behavior
of the IC. It is possible to remove Vdd maintaining
Vdd_IO without blocking the communication
busses, in this condition the measurement chain is
powered off. The functionality of the device and the
measured acceleration data is selectable and
accessible through the I2C/SPI interface. When
using the I2C, CS must be tied high. The functions,
the threshold and the timing of the two interrupt pins
(INT 1 and INT 2) can be completely programmed
by the user though the I2C/SPI interface. The
Schematic of I2C Initialization is shown in Figure 9
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Fig.9 The Schematic of I2C Initialization with
MEMS-LIS302DL
I2C Initialization Flow Chart
The step by step process of the I2C
initialization process for the context estimation using
MEMS is given in the Figure 10
Fig.10 I2C Initialization Flow Chart
Work View
In this topic discusses the software tools
used for this project and the step by step
implementation of the project work
High Performance Embedded Workshop
For coding and compiling purposes in this
project we used “The High-performance Embedded
Workshop (HEW)”. It provides a GUI-based
integrated development environment for the
development and debugging of embedded
applications for Renesas microcontrollers. HEW, a
powerful yet easy to use tool suite, features an
industry standard user interface and is designed
using a modular approach seamlessly incorporating
device family-specific C/C++ compilers and the
debugger elements for various debugging platforms
including emulators and evaluation boards. HEW
enables the use of the right tool for each process.
HEW supports multiple tool chain integration
enabling development for any number of projects
under a single user interface. The working
environment of HEW is given in Figure 11.
Fig.11 The working environment of HEW
MOT2BIN
The code generated using HEW is in the
format of MOT (.mot). But we need the HEX (.hex)
file format. For this purpose we used MOT2BIN
converter. It convert MOT files to FDT4 DATA
files.
MAD EDIT
Form MOT2BIN we got the FDT4 DATA
files. For converting this FDT4 DATA files to HEX
files and for the editing of the HEX files we used
Mad Edit. The working environment of Mad Edit is
given in Figure 12
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Fig.12 The working environment of Mad Edit
Hyper Terminal
The interface between the system and MCU
is based on the serial communication only. For
writing or downloading programs on the MCU we
need one serial data controller, for that purpose we
used the “Hyper Terminal”. The working
environment of Hyper Terminal is given in Figure
13.
Fig.13 The working environment of Hyper
Terminal
V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The Results that follows shows that the
working of the complete system without any flaw
and making the system efficient for using in real
time. The MEMS device (shown in figure 14) is
used to identify the inclination of the device with
respect to the line of action of the acceleration due to
gravity and also the values of all the other 3 axes
such a the x,y,z are used to make the platform
stabilized.
Fig.14 MEMS device in my board
Initially calibration is done based on the exact
inclination of the platform so that which is the
reference position that needs to be maintained by the
system at any given point of time. So this reference
value is stored in the memory of the micro
controller. This initial setting can be changed
according to the environment. The values that are
taken from the MEMS device every single second is
then stored in an external flash memory so that the
reading can be taken at an instant time for more than
one week. If required this data can be transmitted to
a server through GPRS. Once the value that are
received seems to be shifted from the original value
that needs to be maintained the external 3 axis
motors that are mounted to the base of the system is
driven in the appropriate direction opposite to the
direction of shift of the system so that the system
comes back to the original state. The values are
constantly monitored to make the process very
effective. The 3 axis values are finalized and verified
using Hyper Terminal is given in figure 15&16 as
follows.
MEMS
LIS302DL
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Fig.13 HYPERTERMINAL showing results of all X,
Y, and Z axis
Fig.14 HYPERTERMINAL showing results of all
X, Y, and Z axis
VI. CONCLUSION
Platform Stabilization Using MEMS
Technology is successfully implemented. Creating
driver software for the interface between MEMS and
the RENESAS M16C/65 Micro Computer based on
the Inter Integrated Circuit Bus (I2C) technology is
the main part of this project. This driver software is
created and tested successfully. The Platform
Stabilization is obtaining in the form of three
dimensional manners (X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis) from
the Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS).We
use a complex Micro Computer of RENESAS
M16c/65 series for interfacing the sensor in I2C
mode.I2C Bus is allow to use a multiple node to
connect in its path. In this technique, to reduce the
usage of Microcontrollers units. In real time Sensor
are slow as compared to clock frequency of
Microcontroller, So reading a MEMS device at a
particular time of interval is good that we don’t lose
any data. Thus a I2C bus prove its efficiency. The
main drawback is that the motor that needs to be
driven should be more efficient and powerful to
stabilize very large sized platforms. Therefore
platform stabilization using MEMS was successfully
implemented by using a MEMS(Micro Electro
Mechanical System) and RENESAS M16c/65. In
future this can be implemented in many other
applications such as AUTO NAVIGATION
SYSTEM IN FLIGHTS, and ROBOTS.
REFERENCES
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