Vitamin A defficiency-Hamisi Mkindi.ppt
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Vitamins -Water soluble -Fat soluble Vitamin A -fat-soluble vitamin ingested in the diet in two forms. -as retinol itself from animal sources or -as provitamin carotene from plant sources
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VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY
Vitamin A deficiency is a major public health problem worldwide, especially in Africa and South Asia. It can cause blindness and increases the risk of death from infections in children. The first signs are night blindness and dryness of the conjunctiva. More severe deficiency can lead to Bitot's spots, corneal ulceration and keratomalacia which can cause scarring and permanent blindness. Increasing intake of foods rich in preformed vitamin A such as liver, eggs, dairy or carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables can help prevent and treat vitamin A deficiency.
Vitamin A deficiency
Vitamin A deficiency can lead to several health issues:
1) It can cause night blindness and poor vision due to inflammation of the eye.
2) It suppresses the immune system and increases risk of infections like colds.
3) Severe deficiency can cause xerophthalmia, a dryness of the eye, and keratomalacia, a softening and ulceration of the cornea.
Vitamin A toxicity
Vitamin A toxicity occurs when large overdoses exceed the liver's storage capacity. Symptoms of acute toxicity include nausea, vomiting, and headaches, while chronic toxicity manifests as dry lips, skin lesions, and conjunctivitis. High vitamin A intake during pregnancy may also cause birth defects affecting fetal development. The body has natural protective mechanisms against vitamin A toxicity under normal circumstances.
Vitamin A deficiency
Vitamin A deficiency can be primary, due to lack of vitamin A in the diet, or secondary, due to impaired absorption or utilization of vitamin A. Clinical signs of deficiency include night blindness and xerophthalmia, initially presenting as dry eyes and progressing to corneal ulceration and keratomalacia if untreated. Laboratory tests of serum retinol and RBP levels can diagnose deficiency, defined as levels less than 0.70 μM. Treatment involves large oral doses of vitamin A supplements to replenish liver stores.
Vitamin E deficiency
Vitamin E deficiency can result from insufficient dietary intake or impaired absorption of the vitamin. Selenium and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) affect vitamin E needs, with selenium sparing vitamin E needs and higher PUFA intake increasing vitamin E needs. Other nutrient deficiencies, malabsorption conditions, and genetic mutations can also lead to vitamin E deficiency. Symptoms of vitamin E deficiency impact the neuromuscular, vascular and reproductive systems and result from oxidative damage to cell membranes.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is essential for normal body functions like vision, cellular integrity, immune function and growth. It is found naturally in animal foods like liver, egg yolks, and dairy products as well as plant foods like spinach, carrots and mangoes. Vitamin A deficiency can cause night blindness and dryness of the eyes and later corneal ulceration and blindness if left untreated. Early signs are diagnosed through eye examinations and blood tests while more advanced cases show skin and respiratory issues. Deficiency is treated with high oral or injectable vitamin A supplements depending on severity. Prevention involves breastfeeding, vitamin A supplements with vaccines and adequate nutrition.
Vit a and vit a deficiency disorders
Vitamin A is essential for vision, cell growth, and immune function. Deficiency can cause night blindness and potentially blinding xerophthalmia. Risk factors include weaning, infections, poor diet, and poverty. Clinical signs progress from night blindness to dry eyes, spots on the conjunctiva, and corneal ulceration or scarring. Treatment involves high dose vitamin A supplements. Prevention strategies include diet, education, food fortification, and periodic high dose supplementation as part of child immunization programs.
Chemistry, and biochemical role, rda, deficiency diseases of vitamin a for ug
Vitamins definition , Vitamin Classification table, Fat soluble vitamin A, Chemistry of Vitamin A, Biochemical role of vitamin A, Biochemical functions of vitamin A, RDA (Recommended dietary Allowance), Dietary sources of vitamin A, Deficiency diseases of vitamin A, Rhodopsin cycle.
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VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY
Vitamin A deficiency is a major public health problem worldwide, especially in Africa and South Asia. It can cause blindness and increases the risk of death from infections in children. The first signs are night blindness and dryness of the conjunctiva. More severe deficiency can lead to Bitot's spots, corneal ulceration and keratomalacia which can cause scarring and permanent blindness. Increasing intake of foods rich in preformed vitamin A such as liver, eggs, dairy or carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables can help prevent and treat vitamin A deficiency.
Vitamin A deficiency
Vitamin A deficiency can lead to several health issues:
1) It can cause night blindness and poor vision due to inflammation of the eye.
2) It suppresses the immune system and increases risk of infections like colds.
3) Severe deficiency can cause xerophthalmia, a dryness of the eye, and keratomalacia, a softening and ulceration of the cornea.
Vitamin A toxicity
Vitamin A toxicity occurs when large overdoses exceed the liver's storage capacity. Symptoms of acute toxicity include nausea, vomiting, and headaches, while chronic toxicity manifests as dry lips, skin lesions, and conjunctivitis. High vitamin A intake during pregnancy may also cause birth defects affecting fetal development. The body has natural protective mechanisms against vitamin A toxicity under normal circumstances.
Vitamin A deficiency
Vitamin A deficiency can be primary, due to lack of vitamin A in the diet, or secondary, due to impaired absorption or utilization of vitamin A. Clinical signs of deficiency include night blindness and xerophthalmia, initially presenting as dry eyes and progressing to corneal ulceration and keratomalacia if untreated. Laboratory tests of serum retinol and RBP levels can diagnose deficiency, defined as levels less than 0.70 μM. Treatment involves large oral doses of vitamin A supplements to replenish liver stores.
Vitamin E deficiency
Vitamin E deficiency can result from insufficient dietary intake or impaired absorption of the vitamin. Selenium and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) affect vitamin E needs, with selenium sparing vitamin E needs and higher PUFA intake increasing vitamin E needs. Other nutrient deficiencies, malabsorption conditions, and genetic mutations can also lead to vitamin E deficiency. Symptoms of vitamin E deficiency impact the neuromuscular, vascular and reproductive systems and result from oxidative damage to cell membranes.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is essential for normal body functions like vision, cellular integrity, immune function and growth. It is found naturally in animal foods like liver, egg yolks, and dairy products as well as plant foods like spinach, carrots and mangoes. Vitamin A deficiency can cause night blindness and dryness of the eyes and later corneal ulceration and blindness if left untreated. Early signs are diagnosed through eye examinations and blood tests while more advanced cases show skin and respiratory issues. Deficiency is treated with high oral or injectable vitamin A supplements depending on severity. Prevention involves breastfeeding, vitamin A supplements with vaccines and adequate nutrition.
Vit a and vit a deficiency disorders
Vitamin A is essential for vision, cell growth, and immune function. Deficiency can cause night blindness and potentially blinding xerophthalmia. Risk factors include weaning, infections, poor diet, and poverty. Clinical signs progress from night blindness to dry eyes, spots on the conjunctiva, and corneal ulceration or scarring. Treatment involves high dose vitamin A supplements. Prevention strategies include diet, education, food fortification, and periodic high dose supplementation as part of child immunization programs.
Chemistry, and biochemical role, rda, deficiency diseases of vitamin a for ug
Vitamins definition , Vitamin Classification table, Fat soluble vitamin A, Chemistry of Vitamin A, Biochemical role of vitamin A, Biochemical functions of vitamin A, RDA (Recommended dietary Allowance), Dietary sources of vitamin A, Deficiency diseases of vitamin A, Rhodopsin cycle.
Vitamin c
This document discusses vitamin C, including its functions, dietary sources, and the clinical features of scurvy resulting from vitamin C deficiency. Key points include:
- Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin that functions as an antioxidant and is necessary for collagen synthesis. It supports iron absorption and plays roles in neurotransmitter and steroid synthesis.
- Good dietary sources include amla, guava, citrus fruits, and green leafy vegetables.
- Scurvy results from vitamin C deficiency and causes bleeding gums, tooth loss, bruising and bleeding into joints and skin. Bone growth is impaired in children with scurvy.
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Vitamins are the trace elements required by our body.They may not be required in large amount such as carbohydrate, protein or lipid but are required in trace amount to maintain the metabolic reactions going on in our body. Vitamins are mainly of two types: fat soluble and lipid soluble. Lipid soluble vitamins are stored in our body.
Vitamin E is one of the fat soluble vitamins.Its main actions is to scavenge the free radicals. Thus is the major component of our natural anti-oxidant system.It also plays important role in certain biological functions.
Vitamin a deficiency HYPERVITAMINOSIS A
This document discusses vitamin A deficiency and hypervitaminosis A. It begins by introducing vitamin A and its functions in vision, cell function, immunity and reproduction. It then describes the absorption, transport, storage and excretion of vitamin A in the body. The rest of the document details the causes and health effects of vitamin A deficiency, as well as strategies to assess and treat deficiency. It concludes by covering the potential toxicity risks from long-term high intake of vitamin A, such as birth defects and bone/skin issues.
Vitamin D Deficiency, by Dr. Mihir Adhikari
Vitamin D deficiency can cause rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. It is caused by lack of vitamin D from diet and sun exposure. The body synthesizes the inactive form cholecalciferol from cholesterol in skin upon sun exposure and the active form calcitriol is produced in the kidneys. Vitamin D plays a key role in calcium absorption and bone mineralization. Deficiency is highly prevalent in India due to low dietary intake and sun exposure. It is associated with many systemic disorders including musculoskeletal, autoimmune, cardiovascular and infectious diseases.
Zinc deficiency 2021
Zinc deficiency can have serious negative health impacts, especially in children. It is estimated that 25% of the world's population is at risk of zinc deficiency. Zinc plays a critical role in cell metabolism, immunity, growth, and cognitive function. Zinc deficiency increases the risks of prolonged diarrhea, frequent respiratory infections, poor growth and stunting in children under 5 years of age. Treatment of zinc deficiency involves oral zinc supplementation, especially for children with acute diarrhea or those at risk of zinc deficiency due to malnutrition. Preventive measures like zinc supplementation and multiple micronutrient powders can help reduce the risks of zinc deficiency and its associated negative health outcomes in children.
Vitamin A Deficiency
Breif review on chemistry, physiology, Nutritional sources, Deficiency states and toxicity of Vitamin A.....Enjoy it !
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This document discusses iodine deficiency disorders of the thyroid gland. It describes how low iodine intake can lead to goiter formation as the thyroid attempts to maintain normal thyroid hormone levels. It classifies goiter sizes and discusses the epidemiology of endemic goiter. It also describes how iodine deficiency can cause cretinism and outlines methods for diagnosing iodine deficiency disorders. The document concludes by discussing prevention through iodine supplementation and treatment by ensuring adequate iodine intake through foods like iodized salt.
Vitamin A deficiency and control programme
Vitamin A deficiency can cause vision problems and increase risk of infection. The document discusses vitamin A deficiency assessment and control programs in India. It provides details on vitamin A sources, functions, deficiency symptoms, assessment criteria used in India, supplementation programs, and recommended daily intake amounts. Prevention strategies for vitamin A deficiency include improving dietary intake of vitamin A rich foods and mass supplementation of children every 6 months.
Vitamin E
This document provides information on vitamin E, including its structure, functions, recommended dietary allowance, absorption, and deficiency manifestations. It notes that vitamin E was first isolated in 1936 and named tocopherol. The most biologically active form is alpha-tocopherol. It acts as an antioxidant, protects cell membranes, and works with selenium. The recommended daily intake is 15 mg or 33 IU. Vitamin E deficiency can cause hemolytic anemia and retrolental fibroplasia in premature babies.
Vitamin A Deficiency
Vitamin A deficiency can cause xerophthalmia, which is a medical condition where the eye fails to produce tears. It is a leading cause of preventable blindness in children worldwide. The document discusses vitamin A's role in vision and other body processes. Populations most at risk for deficiency include children aged 6 months to 6 years, pregnant and lactating women, and those in developing countries or with malabsorption issues. Signs of xerophthalmia include dryness of the eyes, conjunctival spots, and corneal ulceration or keratomalacia in severe cases. Treatment involves high doses of vitamin A supplementation, while prevention focuses on food fortification, nutrition education, and immunization programs.
Vitamin c deficiency disorders
The document discusses vitamin C deficiency (scurvy) and its associated disorders. It provides information on the functions, sources, recommended dietary allowances and symptoms of vitamin C deficiency. Key points include:
- Vitamin C is an essential water-soluble antioxidant vitamin that acts as an electron donor and is important for collagen synthesis, iron absorption and immune function.
- Good dietary sources include citrus fruits, berries, peppers and potatoes. Cooking can destroy up to 70% of vitamin C.
- Symptoms of deficiency include bleeding gums, bruising, fatigue and bone pain. Long term deficiency can lead to hemorrhaging, poor wound healing and bone fractures. Infants may develop irritability and difficulty
Marasmus kwashiorkor
This document discusses protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) in infants and children. It defines malnutrition and the specific forms of PEM, including marasmus and kwashiorkor. For kwashiorkor, it covers the pathophysiology, etiology, clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, and complications. For marasmus it discusses the definition, etiology, clinical assessment, and differences from kwashiorkor. The document also outlines the WHO's 10 steps for recovery from malnutrition and provides a nursing care plan to address malnutrition through dietary interventions and maintaining appropriate body temperature.
vitamin E
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble nutrient found in many foods. In the body, it acts as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from the damage caused by free radicals. Free radicals are compounds formed when our bodies convert the food we eat into energy.
Vitamin e
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that protects cell membranes from damage. It is essential for neurological function and reproduction. A lack of vitamin E can cause neurological issues like difficulty coordinating movements and peripheral neuropathy. While vitamin E supplements are generally safe, more research is still needed on their long-term health effects for conditions like heart disease and cancer prevention. Vitamin E is especially important for premature infants to prevent complications like anemia and hemolysis.
Vitamin a
This document discusses vitamins, specifically vitamin A. It defines vitamins and explains that vitamin A has several important functions in the body related to vision, epithelial cell integrity, immune response, reproduction and growth. It describes the different forms of vitamin A found in foods and how they are absorbed and transported. Deficiency and toxicity of vitamin A are outlined as well as recommended intake amounts and treatment. The key functions and food sources of vitamin A are summarized.
VITAMIN K
Vitamin K exists in three forms - K1, K2, and K3. It is required for blood clotting by facilitating the carboxylation of clotting factors in the liver. Vitamin K deficiency can result in bleeding issues like hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. While vitamin K supports blood clotting, drugs like warfarin are used as oral anticoagulants by inhibiting the action of vitamin K.
Vitamin k
Chemistry of Vitamin K, Biochemical role of Vitamin K, Recommended dietary allowance of Vitamin K, Dietary sources of Vitamin K, Deficiency symptoms of vitamin K, Hypervitaminosis of vitamin K, Toxicity of Vitamin K
Vitamin A deficiency,by,Dr.M.Mahboob
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) can cause xerophthalmia and increases risk of infection. The document discusses vitamin A's physiology, clinical manifestations of deficiency, diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment and prevention. Deficiency is common where diets lack animal foods or dark green vegetables. Symptoms range from night blindness to corneal ulceration and blindness. Universal distribution of vitamin A supplements helps control VAD. While deficiency harms health, excess intake can also be toxic, causing bone and skin issues.
Vitamin A
This presentation is ment to train Paramedicals & persons seeking health information. It is enjoyable to learn What & How about Vitamin A & its Role in Human Body. it educate general people in very palatable forms.
Ppt project
Micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) are a lack of essential vitamins and minerals like vitamin A, iodine, iron, zinc, and folate. MNDs are highly prevalent in developing countries and cause significant health problems, mortality, and lost development potential. The major causes of MNDs are poverty, food insecurity, poor feeding practices, and lack of access to healthcare. India has the largest number of vitamin A deficient children in the world, while Nigeria has high rates of iron deficiency and anemia. Strategies to address MNDs include supplementation, food fortification, and promoting more nutritious diets.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is important for vision and immune function. It can be obtained from animal foods as retinol or from plant foods as provitamin A carotenoids like beta-carotene. Good sources include liver, sweet potatoes, carrots, spinach and pumpkin. A lack of vitamin A can cause eye disease and blindness, while too much preformed vitamin A from supplements can be toxic, especially for pregnant women.
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This document discusses vitamin C, including its functions, dietary sources, and the clinical features of scurvy resulting from vitamin C deficiency. Key points include:
- Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin that functions as an antioxidant and is necessary for collagen synthesis. It supports iron absorption and plays roles in neurotransmitter and steroid synthesis.
- Good dietary sources include amla, guava, citrus fruits, and green leafy vegetables.
- Scurvy results from vitamin C deficiency and causes bleeding gums, tooth loss, bruising and bleeding into joints and skin. Bone growth is impaired in children with scurvy.
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Vitamin E is one of the fat soluble vitamins.Its main actions is to scavenge the free radicals. Thus is the major component of our natural anti-oxidant system.It also plays important role in certain biological functions.
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This document discusses vitamin A deficiency and hypervitaminosis A. It begins by introducing vitamin A and its functions in vision, cell function, immunity and reproduction. It then describes the absorption, transport, storage and excretion of vitamin A in the body. The rest of the document details the causes and health effects of vitamin A deficiency, as well as strategies to assess and treat deficiency. It concludes by covering the potential toxicity risks from long-term high intake of vitamin A, such as birth defects and bone/skin issues.
Vitamin D Deficiency, by Dr. Mihir Adhikari
Vitamin D deficiency can cause rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. It is caused by lack of vitamin D from diet and sun exposure. The body synthesizes the inactive form cholecalciferol from cholesterol in skin upon sun exposure and the active form calcitriol is produced in the kidneys. Vitamin D plays a key role in calcium absorption and bone mineralization. Deficiency is highly prevalent in India due to low dietary intake and sun exposure. It is associated with many systemic disorders including musculoskeletal, autoimmune, cardiovascular and infectious diseases.
Zinc deficiency 2021
Zinc deficiency can have serious negative health impacts, especially in children. It is estimated that 25% of the world's population is at risk of zinc deficiency. Zinc plays a critical role in cell metabolism, immunity, growth, and cognitive function. Zinc deficiency increases the risks of prolonged diarrhea, frequent respiratory infections, poor growth and stunting in children under 5 years of age. Treatment of zinc deficiency involves oral zinc supplementation, especially for children with acute diarrhea or those at risk of zinc deficiency due to malnutrition. Preventive measures like zinc supplementation and multiple micronutrient powders can help reduce the risks of zinc deficiency and its associated negative health outcomes in children.
Vitamin A Deficiency
Breif review on chemistry, physiology, Nutritional sources, Deficiency states and toxicity of Vitamin A.....Enjoy it !
Iodine deficiency disorders of thyroid gland
This document discusses iodine deficiency disorders of the thyroid gland. It describes how low iodine intake can lead to goiter formation as the thyroid attempts to maintain normal thyroid hormone levels. It classifies goiter sizes and discusses the epidemiology of endemic goiter. It also describes how iodine deficiency can cause cretinism and outlines methods for diagnosing iodine deficiency disorders. The document concludes by discussing prevention through iodine supplementation and treatment by ensuring adequate iodine intake through foods like iodized salt.
Vitamin A deficiency and control programme
Vitamin A deficiency can cause vision problems and increase risk of infection. The document discusses vitamin A deficiency assessment and control programs in India. It provides details on vitamin A sources, functions, deficiency symptoms, assessment criteria used in India, supplementation programs, and recommended daily intake amounts. Prevention strategies for vitamin A deficiency include improving dietary intake of vitamin A rich foods and mass supplementation of children every 6 months.
Vitamin E
This document provides information on vitamin E, including its structure, functions, recommended dietary allowance, absorption, and deficiency manifestations. It notes that vitamin E was first isolated in 1936 and named tocopherol. The most biologically active form is alpha-tocopherol. It acts as an antioxidant, protects cell membranes, and works with selenium. The recommended daily intake is 15 mg or 33 IU. Vitamin E deficiency can cause hemolytic anemia and retrolental fibroplasia in premature babies.
Vitamin A Deficiency
Vitamin A deficiency can cause xerophthalmia, which is a medical condition where the eye fails to produce tears. It is a leading cause of preventable blindness in children worldwide. The document discusses vitamin A's role in vision and other body processes. Populations most at risk for deficiency include children aged 6 months to 6 years, pregnant and lactating women, and those in developing countries or with malabsorption issues. Signs of xerophthalmia include dryness of the eyes, conjunctival spots, and corneal ulceration or keratomalacia in severe cases. Treatment involves high doses of vitamin A supplementation, while prevention focuses on food fortification, nutrition education, and immunization programs.
Vitamin c deficiency disorders
The document discusses vitamin C deficiency (scurvy) and its associated disorders. It provides information on the functions, sources, recommended dietary allowances and symptoms of vitamin C deficiency. Key points include:
- Vitamin C is an essential water-soluble antioxidant vitamin that acts as an electron donor and is important for collagen synthesis, iron absorption and immune function.
- Good dietary sources include citrus fruits, berries, peppers and potatoes. Cooking can destroy up to 70% of vitamin C.
- Symptoms of deficiency include bleeding gums, bruising, fatigue and bone pain. Long term deficiency can lead to hemorrhaging, poor wound healing and bone fractures. Infants may develop irritability and difficulty
Marasmus kwashiorkor
This document discusses protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) in infants and children. It defines malnutrition and the specific forms of PEM, including marasmus and kwashiorkor. For kwashiorkor, it covers the pathophysiology, etiology, clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, and complications. For marasmus it discusses the definition, etiology, clinical assessment, and differences from kwashiorkor. The document also outlines the WHO's 10 steps for recovery from malnutrition and provides a nursing care plan to address malnutrition through dietary interventions and maintaining appropriate body temperature.
vitamin E
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble nutrient found in many foods. In the body, it acts as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from the damage caused by free radicals. Free radicals are compounds formed when our bodies convert the food we eat into energy.
Vitamin e
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that protects cell membranes from damage. It is essential for neurological function and reproduction. A lack of vitamin E can cause neurological issues like difficulty coordinating movements and peripheral neuropathy. While vitamin E supplements are generally safe, more research is still needed on their long-term health effects for conditions like heart disease and cancer prevention. Vitamin E is especially important for premature infants to prevent complications like anemia and hemolysis.
Vitamin a
This document discusses vitamins, specifically vitamin A. It defines vitamins and explains that vitamin A has several important functions in the body related to vision, epithelial cell integrity, immune response, reproduction and growth. It describes the different forms of vitamin A found in foods and how they are absorbed and transported. Deficiency and toxicity of vitamin A are outlined as well as recommended intake amounts and treatment. The key functions and food sources of vitamin A are summarized.
VITAMIN K
Vitamin K exists in three forms - K1, K2, and K3. It is required for blood clotting by facilitating the carboxylation of clotting factors in the liver. Vitamin K deficiency can result in bleeding issues like hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. While vitamin K supports blood clotting, drugs like warfarin are used as oral anticoagulants by inhibiting the action of vitamin K.
Vitamin k
Chemistry of Vitamin K, Biochemical role of Vitamin K, Recommended dietary allowance of Vitamin K, Dietary sources of Vitamin K, Deficiency symptoms of vitamin K, Hypervitaminosis of vitamin K, Toxicity of Vitamin K
Vitamin A deficiency,by,Dr.M.Mahboob
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) can cause xerophthalmia and increases risk of infection. The document discusses vitamin A's physiology, clinical manifestations of deficiency, diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment and prevention. Deficiency is common where diets lack animal foods or dark green vegetables. Symptoms range from night blindness to corneal ulceration and blindness. Universal distribution of vitamin A supplements helps control VAD. While deficiency harms health, excess intake can also be toxic, causing bone and skin issues.
Vitamin A
This presentation is ment to train Paramedicals & persons seeking health information. It is enjoyable to learn What & How about Vitamin A & its Role in Human Body. it educate general people in very palatable forms.
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Vitamin a presentation, Vitamin A Deficiency, Vitamin A toxicity
Vitamin a presentation, Vitamin A Deficiency, Vitamin A toxicity
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Micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) are a lack of essential vitamins and minerals like vitamin A, iodine, iron, zinc, and folate. MNDs are highly prevalent in developing countries and cause significant health problems, mortality, and lost development potential. The major causes of MNDs are poverty, food insecurity, poor feeding practices, and lack of access to healthcare. India has the largest number of vitamin A deficient children in the world, while Nigeria has high rates of iron deficiency and anemia. Strategies to address MNDs include supplementation, food fortification, and promoting more nutritious diets.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is important for vision and immune function. It can be obtained from animal foods as retinol or from plant foods as provitamin A carotenoids like beta-carotene. Good sources include liver, sweet potatoes, carrots, spinach and pumpkin. A lack of vitamin A can cause eye disease and blindness, while too much preformed vitamin A from supplements can be toxic, especially for pregnant women.
Vitamin a-deficiency
Vitamin A is an organic compound that is either obtained through the diet or synthesized in the body. It exists in two major forms: retinoids, which are fat-soluble, and carotenoids, which are water-soluble. Vitamin A deficiency can cause night blindness, dry eyes, susceptibility to infection, and even blindness or death in severe cases. It is commonly caused by diets lacking animal sources of vitamin A and breastmilk from deficient mothers. Too much vitamin A intake can also be toxic, causing nausea, headaches, and birth defects.
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research into micronutrients and their need for North Dakota crops. This presentation was not given at conference due to time, but a handout was provided.
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This document discusses vitamin A, including its functions, sources, recommended daily allowance, deficiency, and treatment. Key points include:
- Vitamin A plays important roles in vision, immunity, cell growth and differentiation. Deficiency can cause night blindness and dry eyes.
- Liver, eggs, and dark green vegetables are good sources. The recommended daily allowance varies by age.
- Deficiency is treated with high dose oral vitamin A supplements according to WHO guidelines based on age. Toxicity can result from long-term excessive intake above 50,000 IU per day.
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This document discusses vitamin and mineral deficiencies. It describes the fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins, how deficiencies can be primary or secondary, and provides details on specific vitamin deficiencies like vitamins A, D, and C. Vitamin A deficiency can cause night blindness and xerophthalmia. Vitamin D deficiency results in rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Scurvy is caused by vitamin C deficiency and is characterized by bone disease and hemorrhages.
vitamin D deficiency
Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble prohormones that are produced in the skin upon exposure to sunlight. The two major forms are vitamin D2 and vitamin D3. Vitamin D regulates calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood and promotes bone formation. Deficiency can cause rickets in children, characterized by soft and weak bones, and osteomalacia in adults. Rickets is treated with high doses of vitamin D orally or via injection to induce healing. Requirements are met by sunlight exposure or ingestion in foods like fortified milk. Too much vitamin D can cause hypercalcemia and symptoms like vomiting.
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This document discusses vitamins, minerals, and water. It explains that vitamins and minerals regulate body functions and must be ingested daily through foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Dark leafy greens contain the most vitamins and minerals. Water carries nutrients through the body, regulates temperature, and prevents dehydration. We should drink half our body weight in ounces of water daily. The document then provides details on specific vitamins (A, D, E, K, C, B vitamins) and minerals, their functions, sources, deficiencies, and toxicities.
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This document discusses malnutrition and provides definitions and descriptions of different types. It begins by defining malnutrition and protein-energy malnutrition. It then describes marasmus and kwashiorkor, two types of protein-energy malnutrition. Marasmus is characterized by energy deficiency and emaciation, while kwashiorkor is caused by protein deficiency and causes fluid retention. The document also discusses the prevalence of malnutrition in India, clinical features, symptoms, differences between marasmus and kwashiorkor, and etiological factors of protein-energy malnutrition.
Vitamin A chemistry, functions and deficiency
1) Vitamin A plays an essential role in vision, immune function, cell growth and differentiation. It exists in two forms - retinoids found in animal foods and carotenoids which are plant-derived provitamin A compounds.
2) Dietary vitamin A is absorbed in the intestine and transported to the liver where it is stored. It is then circulated bound to retinol-binding protein.
3) Deficiency can result from inadequate intake or malabsorption and causes xerophthalmia, night blindness, susceptibility to infection and increased mortality in children.
Vitamins
This document summarizes key information about vitamins. It defines vitamins as organic molecules that serve essential functions in the body as cofactors for enzymatic reactions, though they are required in small amounts and must be obtained through diet. The document outlines the two types of vitamins - fat soluble (A, D, E, K) and water soluble (B complex, C) - and provides details on individual vitamins, including their roles, deficiency symptoms, dietary sources, and recommended daily values.
Nutrition In Children
The document discusses nutrition in children and its impact on physical and mental development. It notes that malnutrition affects 60% of child deaths globally and 1 in 3 malnourished children live in India. Inadequate intake of important nutrients like vitamins, minerals, proteins and fats can impair growth, immunity, cognition and increase illness rates in children. Essential fatty acids like omega-3 and omega-6 are required for brain and eye development but deficiencies can cause various health issues. Recommendations for nutrient intake in infants and children are provided.
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Vitamins are of 13 types and can be classified as Fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E & K ) and Water Soluble Vitamin (Vitamin-C & B-complex).
Vitamin A
This document provides an overview of vitamin A, including its classification, sources, functions, deficiency diseases, and national prevention programs in India. Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that exists in active forms of retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid. Major sources include animal foods like liver, eggs and dairy, and plant foods like carrots, sweet potatoes and dark leafy greens. Vitamin A plays an essential role in vision, cell growth and immune function. Deficiency can cause night blindness, xerophthalmia, and increased susceptibility to infection. India has implemented national programs to provide supplemental vitamin A to children and pregnant/lactating women to reduce deficiency.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A exists in several forms including retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid. It is fat soluble and derived from carotenoids in plants like beta-carotene which the body converts. Vitamin A supports vision, cell growth, epithelial integrity, and acts as an antioxidant. It plays a key role in rhodopsin which is needed for vision in dim light. Deficiency can cause night blindness and keratinization while excess intake can be toxic, causing bone pain and liver issues.
Vit dental
Vitamins are organic compounds that are required in small amounts for proper cellular function. They are classified as either fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) or water-soluble. Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed with fat and can accumulate in the body, while water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water and excess amounts are excreted. Vitamin A is important for vision, cell growth, and epithelial integrity. It is found in animal foods as retinyl esters and in plants as beta-carotene. Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption and is synthesized from cholesterol in the skin upon sun exposure or obtained in the diet. Vitamin K is required for blood clotting and is
Vit dental tutorial
Vitamins are organic compounds that are required in small amounts for proper cellular function. They are classified as either fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) or water-soluble. Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed with fats and can accumulate in tissues, while water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water and excess amounts are excreted. Deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins develop slowly due to storage in the body, while deficiencies of water-soluble vitamins develop more rapidly. Antioxidant vitamins like C, E, and beta-carotene help prevent chronic diseases by inactivating reactive oxygen radicals produced during metabolism.
Vitamin A and D
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that exists in multiple forms including retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid. It plays important roles in vision, gene transcription, epithelial cell maintenance, reproduction, and immune function. Deficiency can cause night blindness, dry eyes, skin issues, and even blindness. Toxicity from excess intake is also possible. The body carefully regulates vitamin A levels through absorption in the intestine, storage in the liver, and transport to tissues as needed.
Fat Soluble Vitamins
The presentation includes details of fat soluble vitamins: Vitamin A, D, E and K: Chemistry, sources, metabolic role, diseased conditions
3 Fat soluble vitamins.pptx
The document discusses fat soluble vitamins including vitamins A, D, and E. It provides details on their chemistry, absorption, transport, storage, functions, deficiency symptoms, sources, and toxicity. The key points are:
- Fat soluble vitamins are required for vision, blood clotting, bone formation and cell membrane structure. Vitamins A and D act as steroid hormones. Deficiencies can cause night blindness, skeletal deformities, and hemorrhages.
- Vitamin A exists as retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid. It is important for vision and gene regulation. Vitamin D exists as ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol and its active form calcitri
Vitamin A presentation -.pptx
Vitamin A deficiency is a major nutritional problem, especially in poor societies and developing countries like India. Vitamin A exists in three forms and is essential for vision, immune function, cell growth and reproduction. Sources include liver, dairy, fruits and vegetables. It is absorbed in the small intestine and transported to the liver for storage. Deficiency can cause night blindness, skin and eye problems. Recommended daily intake varies by age, with universal distribution programs targeting at-risk groups. Both deficiency and toxicity can impact health.
Lec56 level4-defatsolublevitamins-130202064226-phpapp01
This document provides information on fat soluble vitamins, including Vitamins A, D, E, and K. It discusses the absorption, transport, functions and requirements of each vitamin. Vitamin A plays a key role in vision through the visual cycle in rods and cones in the retina. Vitamin D helps regulate calcium and phosphorus absorption in the intestine and bone mineralization through its active form, calcitriol. Both vitamins can cause toxicity if consumed in excess.
Vitamins 36-42
Vitamins are organic compounds that are required in small amounts for normal growth, maintenance and reproduction. Vitamin A is important for vision, growth, and epithelial cell maintenance. It can be found in animal foods like liver and plant foods like carrots. Too much vitamin A can cause toxicity. Vitamin D aids in calcium absorption and is synthesized from cholesterol when skin is exposed to sunlight. It helps maintain adequate calcium and phosphorus levels. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that protects cell components from oxidative damage. It exists as tocopherols with alpha-tocopherol being the most active form.
Vitamin A ,C AND E
Shubham Sharma presented on vitamins A, C, and E. The presentation covered the chemistry, classification, physiological significance, deficiencies, and daily requirements of each vitamin. Vitamin A is fat-soluble and important for vision, immune function, and growth. Vitamin C is water-soluble and essential for collagen formation and acting as an antioxidant. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that protects cell membranes and prevents lipid peroxidation.
Dr Shailesh Gupta( MLNMC) Fat soluble vitamins.ppt
Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential for human health but are needed in small amounts. Vitamin A is fat soluble and important for vision, gene regulation, skin health, and immune function. It is obtained from animal foods as retinol or from plant foods as beta-carotene. A deficiency can cause night blindness, skin lesions, susceptibility to infections, and even blindness.
Fat soluble vitamins
This document provides an overview of vitamins A, D, E, and K. It discusses the chemical structures, sources, recommended dietary allowances, functions, deficiency symptoms, toxicity, and biochemical testing for each vitamin. The key points covered include the roles of vitamins A in vision, D in calcium homeostasis and bone formation, E as an antioxidant, and K in blood clotting. Methods for assessing vitamin status such as HPLC, RIA, and measuring serum or plasma levels are also outlined.
Diet nutrition.pptx
This document discusses diet and nutrition, including the major components of a healthy diet such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. It also discusses several important vitamins and minerals, describing their functions, deficiency symptoms, and potential oral manifestations. Key points covered include protein deficiency diseases like kwashiorkor and marasmus; vitamins A, D, E, K, B vitamins, vitamin C, and iron. Common deficiency symptoms discussed are related to growth, development, immune function, and general health.
Kalos
This document discusses vitamin A, including its forms, sources, absorption, transport, storage, functions, deficiency, toxicity, and recommendations. Key points include:
- Vitamin A is essential for vision, cell growth/differentiation, immunity, and reproduction. Deficiency can cause night blindness and xerophthalmia.
- It exists in multiple forms and is absorbed in the small intestine then transported to the liver for storage.
- Deficiency is most common in poor societies and young children, and is associated with infections and malnutrition. It can lead to blindness.
- Toxicity can result from long-term high intake and includes bone/muscle pain, hair loss, and potential birth defects.
Kalos
This document discusses vitamin A, including its forms, sources, absorption, transport, storage, functions, deficiency, toxicity, and recommendations. Key points include:
- Vitamin A is essential for vision, cell growth/differentiation, immunity, and reproduction. Deficiency can cause night blindness and xerophthalmia.
- It exists in multiple forms and is absorbed in the small intestine then transported to the liver for storage.
- Deficiency is most common in poor societies and young children, and is associated with infections and malnutrition. It can lead to blindness.
- Toxicity can result from long-term high intake and includes bone/muscle pain, hair loss, and potential birth defects.
Vitamins
Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential in small amounts for normal growth and function. They serve as coenzymes and help enable important metabolic processes. Vitamins can be water-soluble or fat-soluble. Water-soluble vitamins include the B vitamins and vitamin C, while fat-soluble vitamins are vitamins A, D, E, and K. Vitamin A is important for vision as it is converted to retinal, which binds to opsin in the eyes to form rhodopsin and enable sight. A deficiency in vitamin A can cause night blindness and even blindness.
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Dr Shailesh Gupta( MLNMC) Fat soluble vitamins.ppt
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- 1. VITAMIN A Hamisi Mkindi,MD5,SFUCHAS,2014 Hamis Mkindi 1
- 2. INTRODUCTION • Vitamins -Water soluble -Fat soluble • Vitamin A -fat-soluble vitamin ingested in the diet in two forms. -as retinol itself from animal sources or -as provitamin carotene from plant sources Hamis Mkindi 2
- 3. Vitamin A deficiency(XEROPTHALMIA) • literally means (xeros= dry ; ophthalmos = eye) dryness of the eye • Most important cause of blindness in children in the world. • Important factor in the cause of stunting which is more prevalent than malnutrition. • Important cause of ocular morbidity among patients with chronic liver disease and lipid malabsorption, and is a major cause of blindness in developing countries Hamis Mkindi 3
- 4. Prevalence • Global • Africa • Tanzania Hamis Mkindi 4
- 5. Vitamin A: Retinol Hamis Mkindi 5
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- 7. Physiology • Vitamin A intestinal mucosal cells, carotene is converted to retinol and, along with the directly ingested retinol, is esterified to palmitic acid. • Retinyl palmitate Liver(stored). • In requirement for vitamin A, retinyl palmitate is hydrolyzed, and the reconstituted retinol travels via the blood stream, attached to retinol-binding protein (RBP), to the tissue where it is needed. Lymphatic system Absorbed from SI Hamis Mkindi 7
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- 10. • Vitamin A is the backbone of the visual pigments for the rods and the cones. • Rod cells: the aldehyde form of vitamin A (retinal) and the protein opsin combine to create rhodopsin, which is the photosensitive pigment. • When light hits the rod cells, the pigment isomerizes, which leads to the nerve impulse and results in the visual signal. • The pigment is broken down to opsin and the stereoisomer of retinal. Hamis Mkindi 10
- 11. • Conjunctiva:vitamin A is necessary for the maintenance of the specialized epithelial surface. • A lack of vitamin A leads to atrophic changes in the normal mucosal surface, with loss of goblet cells, and replacement of the normal epithelium by an inappropriate keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Hamis Mkindi 11
- 12. • Also,the substantia propria of the cornea breaks down and liquefies (colliquative necrosis), resulting in keratomalacia. • Vitamin A deficiency affects the retina, conjunctiva, and cornea, and the signs and symptoms tend to occur in a reliable sequence. Hamis Mkindi 12
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- 14. The WHO classification of vitamin A deficiency is as follows: • XN Night blindness • X1A Conjunctival xerosis • XIB Bitot’s spot • X2 Corneal xerosis • X3A Corneal ulceration/keratomalacia -involving one-third or less of the cornea • X3B Corneal ulceration/keratomalacia -involving one-half or more of the cornea • XS Corneal scar Hamis Mkindi 14
- 16. BITOT SPOT Hamis Mkindi 16
- 18. Diagnosis • Clinical:Night blindness and xerosis are the initial signs of vitamin A deficiency, followed by formation of Bitot’s spot. • Serum levels of vitamin A • CIC. Hamis Mkindi 18
- 19. Treatment • Considered and emergency. • Large and repeated doses are therefore given. • Associated illnesses should always be Rx. • Oral therapy: The oral regimen of vitamin A is 200,000 IU on day of presentation, next day, and 2–4 weeks later. • Children less than 1 year of age or less than 8 kg should receive half the dose of the above dose. Repeat 200,000 IU every 6 months up to 6 years of age to prevent recurrence. Hamis Mkindi 19
- 20. Prevention • Dietary diversification. • Fortification. • Supplementation Hamis Mkindi 20