During Queen Victoria's rule from 1837 to 1901, Great Britain underwent significant changes due to the Industrial Revolution. As factories were built in cities, more people moved from rural areas to urban centers to find work, resulting in more people living in cities than the countryside for the first time. This led to both benefits like increased production and problems such as the difficult living conditions in crowded cities. The rise of factories and machinery also created benefits of faster production but problems for workers who were replaced by or had to work alongside machines.