British Industrial Revolution

British Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain began in eighteenth–century due to the economic differences in many areas, the rise of factories, and the
advances in technologies. The Industrial Revolution created a foundation for the modern world's economy and helped advance the world's markets and
industries. It also affected the social system and improved the people's living standard. Learning about the Industrial Revolution will help us understand
more about the history of our prosperous economy.
There were many factors that started the British Industrial Revolution such as economic differences in rural areas and cities, the rise of many
factories which fulfilled the needs for workers and increased jobs, along with the advancement in technologies which created new production
methods. In rural areas, labours were cheap and many workers became unemployed and this increased poverty. In cities, the economy was different.
Many factories were formed which created more jobs causing the people in rural areas to leave their towns to work in cities. Since the majority of
people lived in cities and worked in factories, it created the industrial system (1). During the Industrial Revolution, men, women, and even children
needed to work in order to survive. They worked in dangerous environments and were paid with low wages. Children and women were favored to
work in coal mining industry because they were slim. They suffered severe contamination And children were abused for what was
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The Negative Effects Of The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution brought many changes to the societies that experienced the process of industrialization. Some of the changes benefited
society while others caused harm to most of the society. Most affected by these changes was the working class of theses societies, in regards to the
working people of the country of England they had experienced a lot of pain caused by the industrialization.
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain (1700) for different kinds of reasons Britain literally had access to a number of natural resources, such
as iron and coal. The agricultural sector of the British economy had been steadily growing during the 18th century, Agricultural stability allowed the
British population to increase, The...show more content...
Their hours were long and they were not permitted any breaks. The managers/owners were very strict and if the worker was caught dozing off or
slowing down they were severely punished so basically the workers had to work even though they were tired. A Second Negative Effect was
Disease which had accounted for many deaths in industrial cities during the Industrial Revolution with a chronic lack of hygiene, little knowledge
of sanitary care and no knowledge as to what caused diseases such as cholera, typhoid and typhus could be devastating. As the cities became more
populated, so the problem got worse, Cholera was a greatly feared disease, It was basically caused by contaminated water, it could spread with speed
and with devastating consequences many people had died because of these diseases. A Third negative Effect was Child labor they were given
very low pay and worked in very bad conditions, the girls with long hair could get caught in the machines and possibly kill the child, they worked
barefoot for 12 to 14 hours and were given no breaks, since they were working in a factory all day, they were not able to get a very good education so
they wouldn't go to school they could possibly read but

From around 1750 to 1900 Britain went through major changes or transformation in industry, agriculture and transportation that affected
everybody's lives. For some it generally improved their lives, however not all were so lucky. The industrial revolution brought with it many
changes good for some and bad for others. Between 1760 and 1880 there was a huge growth in the size of cities and a population shift as people
started to move into the more industrialised areas in search of work. This was because of the transformation of agriculture. Landowners had now
decided to 'enclose' their lands so as they realised they could make a profit from selling food as the population of Britain was increasing. Enclosure
improved the ways of farming...show more content...
Unlike upper class they did not necessarily inherit their money but earned it off their own hard work. They could afford their own town house and
servants to run the household. Over time these class of people grew more influential and eventually gained the right to vote in 1832. They were below
the aristocracy but above the workers.
However the industrial revolution was not all good. The working class had no other option but to turn up at the factories for work. The factory system
resulted in over–crowding and unhygienic conditions and also the development of slum areas. Many factory owners who needed cheap, unskilled
labour, profited greatly by using children and women to run the machines and because they were small and could fit in tunnels as well not only
that they were more suited for factory life because they could adopt more quickly and easily than men. By the age of 6, many children were
already working twelve hours a day in factories. These children had no free time to do anything plus they earned low wages. Hardly any of the
children went to school they had to work in factories to earn money. Quite a lot of the people who worked at factories got sick and died because of
the toxic fumes in the factories. While others were severely injured because the machines didn't have safety guards so many children got killed by
machinery when they fell asleep and got caught up in the machines. Many of the children who were orphans, hired by the employers would

Industrial Revolution In Britain Abstract
This research paper aims to present the industrial revolution in Britain. First, it will provide a brief historical account the Industrial Revolution.
Secondly, it will give the argument that why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Britain. Finally, a conclusion will present the consequences of it.
The History of Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution is one of the most important turning point in human history. "Industrial Revolution, The
This term is used to refer to the period of rapid social, economic, demographic, and technological change which took place in Britain from the latter half
of the eighteenth century to the first half of the nineteenth century " (Marshall, 1998).Before...show more content...
Industrialization increased in population and urbanization, as a growing number of people moved to urban in search of employment. Some people
became very wealthy, but some lived in terrible conditions. People started spending their free time entertaining. Britain experienced political unrest as
the industrialization and urbanization of the country created a need for social and political change. There were increasing demands for social welfare,
education, labor rights, and equality. Imperialism grew and occurred the need of raw materials and new markets for industrialized goods. Imperialism
did not completely end until after World War II. Capitalism and also banking system was improved. Class struggle was increased. (KГ
јГ§Гјkkalay,
1997, s.

Great Britain had the perfect conditions to spearhead the first true revolution that had an effect in all aspects of life since the invention of fire. It
possessed necessary prerequisites, such as formidable population size, bountiful coal and iron deposits, and the demand of such a revolution, to gain a
head start over the rest of the world. The confluence of such factors culminated in a perfect storm, a storm that destined humanity to become more than
an average species. The Industrial Revolution in the Great Britain in the 1800s was not just a revolution in industry. The Industrial Revolution was a
total revolution that opened the doorway for humanity to enter the first global age and built the stairway for humanity to eventually...show more
content...
The long term outcomes of the Industrial Revolution affected not just the workers, but people of all demographics also. The clustering of factories in
cities, such as London and Manchester, led to hyper–urbanization of cities in Britain (Cleary). Urbanization continued unabated as London increased its
population size by 3 million people in a span of 40 years, and Manchester exploded to have a population of 180000 in 1831 after its Population was
just 22000 in 1771 (Hobsawm 159). Crowded streets, inadequate housing, and pollution characterized what the norm was for cities and the citizens of
the cities (Hobsawm 44). Hyper–urbanization led to poor sanitation and decreased life expectancy during the 19th century as diseases, such as
consumption, typhus, and cholera, deprived the poor workers of their health (Cleary). More than 60000 lives were claimed by consumption alone in
each decade of 19th century, and with the poor wages that workers received and the conditions that they worked and lived under did not alleviate the
spread of diseases and deaths at all (Cleary). As a result, average lifespan of workers did not go past 40s, with the low end of the averages in cities
being 26 in Liverpool (Haley). However, the poor sanitary conditions, and the Industrial Revolution brought the worker's rights, women's rights, and
children's rights into the light. Members of the parliament from 1830s started to

Industrialization in England Essay
The world has changed in many ways throughout history. Industrialization has changed England in many ways. The Industrial Revolution was too hard
on the men, women, and children in England. The changes that occurred in the economy and society in Britain during the late 18th and 19th century is
known as the Industrial Revolution (McCloskey Int.). The Industrial Revolution was a drawn–out process that transformed Britain's economy from the
production of goods by hand to the production of goods by machine (Thackerary 1). During this time the number of people employed in industrial
manufacturing, making many different goods, and especially making textiles, iron goods, metal waves, and pottery increased dramatically (McCloskey
Int.). At the...show more content...
In 1851, the employment of textiles rose from 1.3 million to over 1.5 million by 1911. Clothing went from nine hundred thousand to over 1.2 million
workers. Engineering and metal working rose from over half a million workers to nearly two million. In the paper and printing industry the
employment increased five–fold to nearly four hundred thousand employees. Employment in the chemical, oil, and soap industries increased over
four–fold to two hundred thousand workers (Mingay 27). By 1849, there were twelve steel–pen factories employing an average of one hundred
fifty–four employees in each factory. Mechanized industries employed less than two million workers in 1851 (Mingay 26). In 1871 there were one
hundred forty–five factories making boots and shoes, and each factory employed an average of one hundred twenty–five workers. There were
fifty–eight cheap clothing factories that employed an average of one hundred thirty–six workers a piece. The expansion of the market at home and
overseas was the ultimate reason for the growth of the factories in Britain (Mingay 26). Along the River Severn is the Industrial Revolution–Iron
Bridge which provided Britain with many minerals, clay, coal, and iron ore (Whitehouse 26). The citizens of Britain had a hard time finding jobs
during the Industrial Revolution. There were more workers than jobs offered, which made it harder on the

Industrial Revolution Essay
The topic I have chosen to discuss related to the last 400 years in Western Civilization is the Industrial Revolution in Britain. The Industrial Revolution
was what created the modern capitalist system. Britain was the first to lead the way in this huge transformation. Technology changed, businesses,
manufactured goods, and wage laborers skyrocketed. There was not only an economic transformation, but also a social transformation. The Industrial
Revolution is such an interesting subject to further explore, because it truly made a difference in Britain in the late 1700s. The Industrial Revolution
brought an increased quantity and variety of manufactured goods and even improved the standard of living for some individuals, however, it...show
more content...
They operated at night and in disguise, these Luddites smashed the new textile machinery, the ones that the factory owners had introduced. They
believed that the technological advanced machines will dominate production and replace the workers, and no human beings would be employed. They
feared that the lack of employment would result in economic decline and more poverty. Even in today's day, we can see individuals who can be
referred as Luddites, due to their objection to the introduction of new technology. The encounters between workers and the bourgeoisie did heighten an
awareness of the class divisions that were found in British society.
Levack, B. P., Muir, E., & Veldman, M. (2011). The West: Encounters & transformations (Vol. 2: Since 1550) (3rd ed). New York, NY: Longman.
There were many social and economic changes that made the industrial development possible. The steady increase in the British population, the
improved agricultural productivity, the accumulation of large amounts of capital, and the demand for manufactured goods were all factors that
encouraged the mechanization of industry. The increase of the population in Britain during the 18th century is what led to the Industrial Revolution.
The increase of population facilitated the industrialization by the domestic demand for

Why was Britain first in the Industrial Revolution? Britain was the first in the industrial revolution, because they have sufficient resources and have an
unusual movement in agriculture, trade, and manufacturing. Also, high efficiency and resources led to increased transportation; population transfer to
cities, which is increases the economy and gives rise to the dissemination of ideas and information. IN addition, they were famous for coal and is used
for many things in the manufacturing sector, that means an improvement in the economy and increase job opportunities for people. How has
transportation, especially canals, increased the number of people that came into towns? How has transportation enhanced the different political
revolutions

The impact of the Industrial Revolution on British society and economy
There is no doubt that the Industrial Revolution plays a central role in the modern British history. The structure of British society has forever changed
by the impact and consequences of Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution is often stated as the increase of the number of factories, the
exercise of steam power in a wide range of area and the mass–production produced by new technology in the course of 1750 to 1850 (Lane, 1978: 72).
Engles (1986: 37) argued that the Industrial Revolution's mainly development were the invention of the steam engine and the cotton industry. As the
improvement of technology, the steam engine could produce more power with less...show more content...
People often lived and worked in family unit, presenting everything by their own hand. Porter (1999) points out that around 75% British lived in the
village, and most people ensure their life by farming. As a result of the Industrial Revolution, this situation no longer continued. The new law required
that all owner's of gazing grounds must afford the expense for fence, which lead to many farmers go bankrupt, at the meantime, many hand weavers
unemployed because the new machines capability of produce big amount outputs (Stearns, 1998). Consequently, it forced many people find jobs in new
factories, and moved to cities where the factory located (Porter, 1999). It is also important to state that although they worked for long hours, they
only get paid little money. As they could not afford the higher living expenses in big cities, they had to move into the slum house. It is necessary to
point out that over 12,000 people lived in 1,400 houses, nearly one family shared per room (included about nine people at average) (Engles, 1968:
62). This lead to several distress like air pollution, typhoid and cholera to threaten people's lives (Stearns, 1998). Dean (1983: 104) also describes
that the living conditions were fearful, in the course of early year of Industrial Revolution, over half of children aged under five years old dead
because of the infectious

The Effect of Industrial Revolution on Britain
"An industrial revolution is the term generally applied to the complex of economic changes which are involved in the transformation of a
pre–industrial, traditional type of economy, characterized by low productivity and normally stagnant growth rates, to a modern industrialized stage of
economic development, in which output per head and standards of living are relatively high, and economic growth is normally sustained."
CIPOLLA, C.M. (1975).
This essay will critically examine a number of reasons for the take off of the industrial revolution in Britain. It will critically explain a number of social
changes which took place within Britain due...show more content...
"Crop rotation is the arrangement whereby the successive development of different crops in a specified order on the same fields is employed instead
of the one–crop technique or a shoddy style." Micropedia Britannica.
This pointed to the usefulness of selecting rotation crops. Therefore the system proved to be a success and was continue, though agricultural
development was a slow process that took shape over a long time period and was the result of a number of smaller changes such asГўв‚¬В¦
"More sophisticated irrigation, better tools made from iron, improved ploughs, the breeding of more productive varieties of crops, better crop rotation
and the circulation of new crops from the 16th Century onwards." (PONTING, C. 2001:638)
The agricultural revolution had also weakened the old feudal bonds that had been he core necessity of the structure for so long, and had required the
cooperation of the peasantry by providing them with both support and protection. New ideas were surfacing and the masses were no longer needed.
Increased Production
& it's Consequences
With the inventions of new machinery came increased productivity inasmuch that these new appliances considerably speeded up the process from

sowing to

The Industrial Revolution had a major impact on British society during the eighteenth century. the Industrial Revolution was in response to to a
population explosion. Before the Industrial revolution, Britain had been an agricultural society with approximately eighty percent living and working
on farms. By comparison, manufacturing, mining and trading employed a relatively small number. Towns and villages during the time were mainly
small and mainly self–producing with the locals having little or no need to ever leave the town.There were many factors to contribute to the industrial
revolution, including the agrarian revolution.
The Agrarian Revolution occurred between 1750 and 1900 .As Britain`s population grew between the 18th and 19th century the demand for food grew
with it. By 1850...show more content...
When the train was first made, it was very slow and bulky, but as time went on it became slim and fast. This meant that many people could use it to
travel quickly and safely around the country. The train was also used to bring fresh fruit, vegetables and milk to the cities.Isambard Kingdom Brunel
invented the first steamship in 1843, however it wasn't until 1815 that Robert Fulton invented the first commercial steamship. With these new
inventions a trip that could take over five days was cut down to two hours. There were many canals built across Britain. Some joined existing
waterways.They connected deposits of raw material and cities.Canals were mainly built to transport coal to factories and two stations to be used to
power either trains or machines. As Industrialised cities began to grow people needed a solution to get to work the Horse Powered Tram was
invented in 1804 to solve the problem. Later developments rendered the Horse Powered Tram obsolete as the electric tram took its place. There were
other types of developments during the time though none of them were as

Essay on Industrial Revolution
2. INTRODUCTION
During the second half of the 17th century, there were a drastic breakthrough in mainly Great Britain's, but gradually the rest of the worlds
development, that would lead to radical changes in peoples lives, working relations and environment.
Industrial revolution was so fundamental that it's often compared with the transition from farming to stock raising, which began several thousand years
before the birth of Christ. Considering the uses of natural resources, can human history be dived up into three pieces of varying length; hundreds of
thousands years before "the agricultural revolution", thousands of years between this and the Industrial revolution and the two hundreds years after the
beginning of Industrial...show more content...
A serie of technical ideas were combined step by step to form new systems. Mainly two of these got a big importance and lead to the textile industry
and coalfield technology.
The Industrial Revolution was not a sudden appearance; it was the result of a long learning period. The most common to say that it "started" was in
Great Britain for 250 years ago.
The initial stages were in the 1760th. Within a half decade it started to spread, at first to the north west parts of Europe and to the USA. The early
industrialisation in Belgium, France started around the 1820th. Industrialisation process arised from the extensive changes that occurred in the world
economy.
4.2 Britain and the increased population
Before the 17th century, the most prominent economies in the world, was characterised by handicraft works and a big labour force that was engaged to
farming. Some factors started during the 17th century that gave rise to the worlds first Industrial revolution, such as rise of the middle class, expansion
of trade and markets, centralisation of the state and scientific revolution. Many of these were specific for Great Britain, were the Industrial revolution
started.
New farming methods came to use during late 16th century. Farmers in many parts of Europe, including Ireland, France, started to raise potatoes. A
plant from the "New World", that for a long tome was seen with a big suspiciousness. A higher rate of potato

Great Britain and the Industrial Revolution Why did Great Britain lead the Industrial Revolution?
The Industrial Revolution of the 18th century changed Europe forever. At the front of this change was Great Britain, which used some natural
advantages and tremendous thinking and innovation to become the leader of the Industrial Revolution.
First, Britain had some tremendous natural attributes. It was naturally endowed with many deposits of coal and iron ore, which were used heavily in
the early stages of factory production. In addition, Britain was situated at a critical point for international trade. Its position between the United States
and the rest of Europe allowed them to have a serious impact in all matters of trade....show more content...
Once the factory became common, technological advances were soon made to improve them, the most important of which was the division of labor.
This use of factories increased economic growth two–fold and "facilitated economies of scales in mass–produced goods and the introduction of new
technology for accelerating production" (Evans 110). Mass production made usually expensive items, such as shoes, less expensive and easily
affordable by lower class and less wealthy people, which improved the quality of life and spurred on more advancement. One such advancement was
James Watt's improvement of the steam engine, which shifted factory power from water to steam, making possible steam driven machinery. This also
led to an increased demand for iron and coal, which in turn led to an increase in the mining industries. Some of the most important advancements came
in the production of cotton, where several inventions stood out: John Kay's flying shuttle of 1733, which greatly increased weaving speed; James
Hargreaves spinning jenny, which made possible the automatic production of thread; Richard Arkwright's water frame; and Edmund Cartwright's
machine loom. It was the textile industry that pioneered the Industrial Revolution and its innovators encouraged others to continue the technological
advancements that made Britain's economy flourish. All of this innovation needed entrepreneurs to use capital to put the inventions to work, and

The Industrial Revolution in Britain in the late 1700s and early 1800s was one of the greatest contributions to improvement in the lives of people all
around the world. It made the world an easier place to live in and helped to better living and working conditions. Many argue about what were the most
important contributions to the success of the Industrial Revolution and most can easily be argued to show that they were very important, but Britain's
resources were crucial to the success of the revolution while its supply of labor and entrepreneurs were close secondary options of being one of the
more important reasons for the revolution taking off.
Britain is fortunate enough to have many important resources that led to the start of the revolution....show more content...
They were always looking for ways to better improve the ways their employees worked and which ways would make the most profit. The inventions
that were made by entrepreneurs and inventors alike were what helped to make up a lot of the industrial revolution and pushed it to the point of
success that laid down a foundation for more innovation for years to come.
Entrepreneurs and inventors worked hand in hand to help each other and build up the revolution. Entrepreneurs helped fund inventors ideas and had the
business experience to push the inventions to a profit making level. The risks these entrepreneurs took to invest in these inventors and businesses made
the Industrial Revolution in Britain much more successful and it could not have gotten to the point it did without entrepreneurs.
Overall the success of the Industrial Revolution was built off of many contributing factors. There will never be one answer to what was the number
one most important factor based off of differing human opinions. The revolution could not be successful off of just one of the factors so there is not
any that are unimportant. It is fair to say that resources were definitely probably number one or very high on the list of what was the most important
while factors like supply of labor and entrepreneurs were only secondary in the success of the Industrial Revolution in

The Industrial Revolution produced many issues in the treatment of employees. Many workers did not receive fair wages and many children were
forced to work in dangerous conditions for little to no pay. The songs the mistreated workers wrote acted as means for solidarity. They were methods
of expressing their unfair conditions. For example, "Eight Hour Strike," (1872) by Billy Pastor, expresses the length of work days and how they
seemed to drag. "The Worker's Anvil," by Laura M. Griffing, celebrated the cause of labor during the revolution.
In Great Britain, the first industrial–capitalist state, The Industrial Revolution was an important determining factor for the development of the working
class in Great Britain. Working–class people experienced a growth in their confidence to complete work. This growth in confidence increased the
need of the higher class overseeing people to organize the development of industry. The workers in factories had their own musical traditions by
writing songs to familiar tunes with lyrics that apply their situations. Known today as, Industrial folk song, their music was written and sung by
people in their place of employment, at their home, or in the pub where they converse with friends and colleagues. This genre was a large part of
their popular culture. The songs written in the work place were derived from songs from rural areas of Britain. The people took these original versions
of songs with them into their jobs in the developing cities of

Industrial Revolution In Great Britain
The Industrial Revolution is said to have been a change for the better, but in Great Britain things were changed for the worse. During the industrial
revolution the introduction of inventions such as the train, spinning jenny, and factory system caused for a new way of life to emerge. The British
especially boomed economically and technologically. This boomed came with a cost as the poor were treated even worse and disease was able to
spread throughout the cities thanks to filthy factories. The effects of the revolution in Great Britain are similar to the effects of Europe. All across
Europe, countries began to industrialize as well which caused for the poor and middle class populationВґs everywhere to be treated terribly which in
turn caused for mass social revolutions as well. Great BritainВґs quality of life was not improved by the industrial revolution because of people being
displaced from their homes, child labor, and careless business men. Great Britain had a...show more content...
These businessmen said that the conditions in factories were good but they started to lie to cover up the truth. The Penny Magazine wrote a puff
piece review about how ВЁthe light spirits of youth are still buoyant and unbroken,ВЁ to cover up the misery actually in factories (Document 7).
Even the factory owners admitted there were ВЁgreat abuses in many establishments,ВЁ but ignored this just to make a pretty penny (Document 7).
This careless nature of the wealthy allowed for industrial revolution to dehumanize many citizens in Great Britain. The industrial revolution may
have seemed to be a great time for the British but it only led to pain for the poor people. Poor people being displaced, child labor and careless business
men caused for the lowering of quality of life in Great Britain. The quality of life only went down and created an even bigger social class

How Did Britain Contribute To Industrialization
By the 1800's, Britain was undoubtedly the most successful and powerful nation in the world. This was a direct result of the Industrial Revolution, a
time period in which drastic changes occurred in all aspects of life. As the birthplace of this revolution, Britain was able to build a strong economy,
navy and trading sector. This gave Britain a significant advantage over other countries who had not yet industrialised, holding much authority and
power as an empire for the proceeding decades.
Prior to the Industrial Revolution, Britain was primarily an agrarian society, with the agricultural sector employing the majority of the population,
approximately 80 per cent.
In comparison, the manufacturing, mining and the trade industries represented...show more content...
An already relatively wealthy and powerful country, Britain also had a stable government. Limited conflict, both political and social, created a sense of
stability. This factor, in combination with a more advanced system of banking compared to other parts of Europe, encouraged the growth of businesses.
Middle class entrepreneurs were critical as they were able to invest money into new technologies and engineering projects, without which many
inventions would not have been discovered. The fact Britain was based on capitalism also enabled businesses to flourish. It provided fertile grounds for
those wanting to take risks and try new methods without the direct interference of the government. In other parts of Europe, many governments set
stricter restrictions which limited opportunities and individual freedom.
As a result of these factors, Britain was the first nation to undergo the Industrial Revolution and secure its place as a wealthy and strong empire. The
characteristics that had led Britain to be the first nation to experience the Industrial Revolution now helped the nation to consolidate its position
globally. Being first allowed Britain to harness the new technologies and thereby capitalise on the advancements made. This gave Britain a strong lead
on the rest of the world, one which they maintained for a number of

The first industrial revolution (IR) which occurred in 18th century Britain was a turning point which sculpted the modern economy and also laid the
foundation of modern day production. The primary reasoning for the revolution occurring is the movement of mode of production. For example, the
migration of production with the use of human labour to more mechanised production in factories. The origin of the IR and the reasoning why it took
place in 18th century Britain is argued upon by many historians and thinkers. The two key economic historians I will be focusing on are David S.
Landes and Kenneth Pomeranz. Their narratives of the origins of the IR differ in terms of why, how, when and where it happened. Landes argues that
Britain was superior in comparison to other parts of the world and that it was the change in the mode of production and various innovations that caused
the IR to occur. Whereas Pomeranz argues that Britain was struck by luck due to many key events taking place which caused Britain to consequently
benefit from the industrial revolution. In this essay I will explain the narratives of both individuals and explain my conclusion as to why I believe
Landes presented a better narrative in explaining the origin of the industrial revolution and the rise of the west.
According to Arnold Toynbee, "The essence of the industrial revolution is the substitution of competition for the medieval regulations which has
previously controlled the production and distribution of wealth". (Toynbee, 1884, 58). This meant that the IR was mainly based on the substitution of
previous methods of production with new and improved methods. David S. Landes supported these factors with his arguments. He stated that "In the
18th century, a series of inventions transformed the British cotton manufacture and gave birth to a new mode of production– the factory system" (VLE,
week 4). These innovations that changed Britain fell under three principles; the substitution of machines for human labour, the substitution of
inanimate for animate sources of power and the substitution of minerals for vegetable or animal substances. These substitutions ultimately are what
made the industrial revolution according to Landes. Landes argued that

The industrial revolution began in England during the late 1700's and early 1800's. There were several factors that played a role in why the industrial
revolution began in England. One of the most important factors that played a role was the rich land. The land at this point in time had numerous
different natural resources that could be used to benefit the country. The land had an enormous amount of different resources such as coal, iron, wool,
cotton, and lead. Another major benefit of the geography of the land was how the furthest point in the country from sea was only seventy miles away.
This helped because the country was able to import and export more goods and as well as being able to do such things as fishing and whaling. These
...show more content...
Another aspect that played a role in the revolution starting in England was because unlike other countries such as France they had a stable government
and economy. They also did not have the problem of political revolutions taking place at this time.
Sense there was many new promising factory jobs available many people moved from there simple agricultural lives to work in the cities so they
could have a steady job and make money for there families. This was a major part of the industrial revolution because this set the average persons
living standards higher as well as there technology standards. Now that many people had jobs that involved divisions of labor and assembly lines the
cost of goods dropped because the companies were able to produce more of the goods in a given time. This made it so families had a little extra
money to use on other things then before the industrial revolution happened. All of these points are just some of the many aspects

British Industrial Revolution

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