Industrial Revolution In Britain Essay

Industrialization in Great Britain: A New Era
An era of new beginnings was created when industrialization swept through Great Britain starting in
the 1760's. This vast transition included a change in hand production to machine production, brand
new chemical and iron production processes, an improvement in water power, major increases in
the use of steam power, the development of machine tools, and the conversion towards coal as the
major source of fuel. Not only was "he Industrial Revolution an evolving transformation in many
sectors of the economy" (Atkins 1), but across the board, aspects of daily life were changed by the
Industrial Revolution, and it led to not only economic prosperity, but radical social changes and
increased political stratification. The Industrial Revolution...show more content...
And finally, there was the Ten Hours Bill of 1847, which limited the working hours to 10 per day
for women and children. (Tuttle 12). All of these changes impacted how factories were run, and
improved the lives of the factory working families. Also, the Industrial Revolution led to the
beginnings of organized labor groups, and the creation of the first trade unions, in order to help
advance the interests of working people. The power within a union could demand better terms by
withdrawing all labor and causing a consequent cessation of production. This ability meant that the
normal working man or woman had the ability to combine forces with their fellow workers to fight
back against the much more wealthy and powerful factory owners. Working people also formed
friendly societies and co–operative societies as support groups against times of economic hardships.
These conjoined forces gave immense power to workers, through the ability to strike, although there
were many legal attempts to stop these insurrections. With laws passed to limit the power of the
unions, its showed a rise against the power of the middle class. Finally, the Industrial Revolution
effect the political stratification of Great Britain during this era. The creation of the House of Lords
and House of Commons was before the Industrial Revolution, however with the evolution of the
working class due to technological advancements gave the House of Commons more power. The
Great Reform Act of 1832
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The Industrial Revolution had a major impact on British society during the eighteenth century. the
Industrial Revolution was in response to to a population explosion. Before the Industrial revolution,
Britain had been an agricultural society with approximately eighty percent living and working on
farms. By comparison, manufacturing, mining and trading employed a relatively small number.
Towns and villages during the time were mainly small and mainly self–producing with the locals
having little or no need to ever leave the town.There were many factors to contribute to the industrial
revolution, including the agrarian revolution.
The Agrarian Revolution occurred between 1750 and 1900 .As Britain`s population grew between
the 18th and 19th century the demand for food grew with it. By 1850...show more content...
When the train was first made, it was very slow and bulky, but as time went on it became slim
and fast. This meant that many people could use it to travel quickly and safely around the
country. The train was also used to bring fresh fruit, vegetables and milk to the cities.Isambard
Kingdom Brunel invented the first steamship in 1843, however it wasn't until 1815 that Robert
Fulton invented the first commercial steamship. With these new inventions a trip that could take
over five days was cut down to two hours. There were many canals built across Britain. Some
joined existing waterways.They connected deposits of raw material and cities.Canals were mainly
built to transport coal to factories and two stations to be used to power either trains or machines.
As Industrialised cities began to grow people needed a solution to get to work the Horse Powered
Tram was invented in 1804 to solve the problem. Later developments rendered the Horse Powered
Tram obsolete as the electric tram took its place. There were other types of developments during the
time though none of them were as

Industrial Revolution Essay
The topic I have chosen to discuss related to the last 400 years in Western Civilization is the
Industrial Revolution in Britain. The Industrial Revolution was what created the modern capitalist
system. Britain was the first to lead the way in this huge transformation. Technology changed,
businesses, manufactured goods, and wage laborers skyrocketed. There was not only an economic
transformation, but also a social transformation. The Industrial Revolution is such an interesting
subject to further explore, because it truly made a difference in Britain in the late 1700s. The
Industrial Revolution brought an increased quantity and variety of manufactured goods and even
improved the standard of living for some individuals, however, it...show more content...
They operated at night and in disguise, these Luddites smashed the new textile machinery, the ones
that the factory owners had introduced. They believed that the technological advanced machines
will dominate production and replace the workers, and no human beings would be employed. They
feared that the lack of employment would result in economic decline and more poverty. Even in
today's day, we can see individuals who can be referred as Luddites, due to their objection to the
introduction of new technology. The encounters between workers and the bourgeoisie did heighten
an awareness of the class divisions that were found in British society.
Levack, B. P., Muir, E., & Veldman, M. (2011). The West: Encounters & transformations (Vol. 2:
Since 1550) (3rd ed). New York, NY: Longman.
There were many social and economic changes that made the industrial development possible. The
steady increase in the British population, the improved agricultural productivity, the accumulation of
large amounts of capital, and the demand for manufactured goods were all factors that encouraged
the mechanization of industry. The increase of the population in Britain during the 18th century is
what led to the Industrial Revolution. The increase of population facilitated the industrialization by
the domestic demand for

The industrial revolution began in England during the late 1700's and early 1800's. There were
several factors that played a role in why the industrial revolution began in England. One of the most
important factors that played a role was the rich land. The land at this point in time had numerous
different natural resources that could be used to benefit the country. The land had an enormous
amount of different resources such as coal, iron, wool, cotton, and lead. Another major benefit of
the geography of the land was how the furthest point in the country from sea was only seventy
miles away. This helped because the country was able to import and export more goods and as well
as being able to do such things as fishing and whaling. These...show more content...
Another aspect that played a role in the revolution starting in England was because unlike other
countries such as France they had a stable government and economy. They also did not have the
problem of political revolutions taking place at this time.
Sense there was many new promising factory jobs available many people moved from there
simple agricultural lives to work in the cities so they could have a steady job and make money for
there families. This was a major part of the industrial revolution because this set the average
persons living standards higher as well as there technology standards. Now that many people had
jobs that involved divisions of labor and assembly lines the cost of goods dropped because the
companies were able to produce more of the goods in a given time. This made it so families had a
little extra money to use on other things then before the industrial revolution happened. All of these
points are just some of the many aspects

Why was Britain first in the Industrial Revolution? Britain was the first in the industrial revolution,
because they have sufficient resources and have an unusual movement in agriculture, trade, and
manufacturing. Also, high efficiency and resources led to increased transportation; population
transfer to cities, which is increases the economy and gives rise to the dissemination of ideas and
information. IN addition, they were famous for coal and is used for many things in the
manufacturing sector, that means an improvement in the economy and increase job opportunities for
people. How has transportation, especially canals, increased the number of people that came into
towns? How has transportation enhanced the different political revolutions

Industrial Revolution In Great Britain
The Industrial Revolution is said to have been a change for the better, but in Great Britain things
were changed for the worse. During the industrial revolution the introduction of inventions such as
the train, spinning jenny, and factory system caused for a new way of life to emerge. The British
especially boomed economically and technologically. This boomed came with a cost as the poor
were treated even worse and disease was able to spread throughout the cities thanks to filthy
factories. The effects of the revolution in Great Britain are similar to the effects of Europe. All
across Europe, countries began to industrialize as well which caused for the poor and middle class
populationВґs everywhere to be treated terribly which in turn caused for mass social revolutions as
well. Great BritainВґs quality of life was not improved by the industrial revolution because of people
being displaced from their homes, child labor, and careless business men. Great Britain had a...show
more content...
These businessmen said that the conditions in factories were good but they started to lie to cover
up the truth. The Penny Magazine wrote a puff piece review about how ВЁthe light spirits of
youth are still buoyant and unbroken,ВЁ to cover up the misery actually in factories (Document
7). Even the factory owners admitted there were ВЁgreat abuses in many establishments,ВЁ but
ignored this just to make a pretty penny (Document 7). This careless nature of the wealthy
allowed for industrial revolution to dehumanize many citizens in Great Britain. The industrial
revolution may have seemed to be a great time for the British but it only led to pain for the poor
people. Poor people being displaced, child labor and careless business men caused for the lowering
of quality of life in Great Britain. The quality of life only went down and created an even bigger
social class

British Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain began in eighteenth–century due to the economic
differences in many areas, the rise of factories, and the advances in technologies. The Industrial
Revolution created a foundation for the modern world's economy and helped advance the world's
markets and industries. It also affected the social system and improved the people's living standard.
Learning about the Industrial Revolution will help us understand more about the history of our
prosperous economy.
There were many factors that started the British Industrial Revolution such as economic
differences in rural areas and cities, the rise of many factories which fulfilled the needs for
workers and increased jobs, along with the advancement in technologies which created new
production methods. In rural areas, labours were cheap and many workers became unemployed
and this increased poverty. In cities, the economy was different. Many factories were formed
which created more jobs causing the people in rural areas to leave their towns to work in cities.
Since the majority of people lived in cities and worked in factories, it created the industrial system
(1). During the Industrial Revolution, men, women, and even children needed to work in order to
survive. They worked in dangerous environments and were paid with low wages. Children and
women were favored to work in coal mining industry because they were slim. They suffered severe
contamination And children were abused for what was

Great Britain had the perfect conditions to spearhead the first true revolution that had an effect in
all aspects of life since the invention of fire. It possessed necessary prerequisites, such as formidable
population size, bountiful coal and iron deposits, and the demand of such a revolution, to gain a head
start over the rest of the world. The confluence of such factors culminated in a perfect storm, a storm
that destined humanity to become more than an average species. The Industrial Revolution in the
Great Britain in the 1800s was not just a revolution in industry. The Industrial Revolution was a total
revolution that opened the doorway for humanity to enter the first global age and built the stairway
for humanity to eventually...show more content...
The long term outcomes of the Industrial Revolution affected not just the workers, but people of all
demographics also. The clustering of factories in cities, such as London and Manchester, led to
hyper–urbanization of cities in Britain (Cleary). Urbanization continued unabated as London
increased its population size by 3 million people in a span of 40 years, and Manchester exploded
to have a population of 180000 in 1831 after its Population was just 22000 in 1771 (Hobsawm 159).
Crowded streets, inadequate housing, and pollution characterized what the norm was for cities and
the citizens of the cities (Hobsawm 44). Hyper–urbanization led to poor sanitation and decreased life
expectancy during the 19th century as diseases, such as consumption, typhus, and cholera,
deprived the poor workers of their health (Cleary). More than 60000 lives were claimed by
consumption alone in each decade of 19th century, and with the poor wages that workers received
and the conditions that they worked and lived under did not alleviate the spread of diseases and
deaths at all (Cleary). As a result, average lifespan of workers did not go past 40s, with the low end
of the averages in cities being 26 in Liverpool (Haley). However, the poor sanitary conditions, and the
Industrial Revolution brought the worker's rights, women's rights, and children's rights into the
light. Members of the parliament from 1830s started to

From around 1750 to 1900 Britain went through major changes or transformation in industry,
agriculture and transportation that affected everybody's lives. For some it generally improved
their lives, however not all were so lucky. The industrial revolution brought with it many changes
good for some and bad for others. Between 1760 and 1880 there was a huge growth in the size of
cities and a population shift as people started to move into the more industrialised areas in search
of work. This was because of the transformation of agriculture. Landowners had now decided to
'enclose' their lands so as they realised they could make a profit from selling food as the population
of Britain was increasing. Enclosure improved the ways of farming...show more content...
Unlike upper class they did not necessarily inherit their money but earned it off their own hard
work. They could afford their own town house and servants to run the household. Over time these
class of people grew more influential and eventually gained the right to vote in 1832. They were
below the aristocracy but above the workers.
However the industrial revolution was not all good. The working class had no other option but to
turn up at the factories for work. The factory system resulted in over–crowding and unhygienic
conditions and also the development of slum areas. Many factory owners who needed cheap,
unskilled labour, profited greatly by using children and women to run the machines and because
they were small and could fit in tunnels as well not only that they were more suited for factory
life because they could adopt more quickly and easily than men. By the age of 6, many children
were already working twelve hours a day in factories. These children had no free time to do
anything plus they earned low wages. Hardly any of the children went to school they had to work
in factories to earn money. Quite a lot of the people who worked at factories got sick and died
because of the toxic fumes in the factories. While others were severely injured because the
machines didn't have safety guards so many children got killed by machinery when they fell asleep
and got caught up in the machines. Many of the children who were orphans, hired by the employers
would

The Industrial Revolution produced many issues in the treatment of employees. Many workers
did not receive fair wages and many children were forced to work in dangerous conditions for
little to no pay. The songs the mistreated workers wrote acted as means for solidarity. They were
methods of expressing their unfair conditions. For example, "Eight Hour Strike," (1872) by Billy
Pastor, expresses the length of work days and how they seemed to drag. "The Worker's Anvil," by
Laura M. Griffing, celebrated the cause of labor during the revolution.
In Great Britain, the first industrial–capitalist state, The Industrial Revolution was an important
determining factor for the development of the working class in Great Britain. Working–class people
experienced a growth in their confidence to complete work. This growth in confidence increased
the need of the higher class overseeing people to organize the development of industry. The
workers in factories had their own musical traditions by writing songs to familiar tunes with lyrics
that apply their situations. Known today as, Industrial folk song, their music was written and sung
by people in their place of employment, at their home, or in the pub where they converse with
friends and colleagues. This genre was a large part of their popular culture. The songs written in
the work place were derived from songs from rural areas of Britain. The people took these original
versions of songs with them into their jobs in the developing cities of

The Negative Effects Of The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution brought many changes to the societies that experienced the process of
industrialization. Some of the changes benefited society while others caused harm to most of the
society. Most affected by these changes was the working class of theses societies, in regards to the
working people of the country of England they had experienced a lot of pain caused by the
industrialization.
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain (1700) for different kinds of reasons Britain
literally had access to a number of natural resources, such as iron and coal. The agricultural sector of
the British economy had been steadily growing during the 18th century, Agricultural stability
allowed the British population to increase, The...show more content...
Their hours were long and they were not permitted any breaks. The managers/owners were very
strict and if the worker was caught dozing off or slowing down they were severely punished so
basically the workers had to work even though they were tired. A Second Negative Effect was
Disease which had accounted for many deaths in industrial cities during the Industrial Revolution
with a chronic lack of hygiene, little knowledge of sanitary care and no knowledge as to what
caused diseases such as cholera, typhoid and typhus could be devastating. As the cities became
more populated, so the problem got worse, Cholera was a greatly feared disease, It was basically
caused by contaminated water, it could spread with speed and with devastating consequences
many people had died because of these diseases. A Third negative Effect was Child labor they were
given very low pay and worked in very bad conditions, the girls with long hair could get caught in
the machines and possibly kill the child, they worked barefoot for 12 to 14 hours and were given no
breaks, since they were working in a factory all day, they were not able to get a very good education
so they wouldn't go to school they could possibly read but

Industrialization in England Essay
The world has changed in many ways throughout history. Industrialization has changed England in
many ways. The Industrial Revolution was too hard on the men, women, and children in England.
The changes that occurred in the economy and society in Britain during the late 18th and 19th
century is known as the Industrial Revolution (McCloskey Int.). The Industrial Revolution was a
drawn–out process that transformed Britain's economy from the production of goods by hand to the
production of goods by machine (Thackerary 1). During this time the number of people employed in
industrial manufacturing, making many different goods, and especially making textiles, iron goods,
metal waves, and pottery increased dramatically (McCloskey Int.). At the...show more content...
In 1851, the employment of textiles rose from 1.3 million to over 1.5 million by 1911. Clothing
went from nine hundred thousand to over 1.2 million workers. Engineering and metal working rose
from over half a million workers to nearly two million. In the paper and printing industry the
employment increased five–fold to nearly four hundred thousand employees. Employment in the
chemical, oil, and soap industries increased over four–fold to two hundred thousand workers
(Mingay 27). By 1849, there were twelve steel–pen factories employing an average of one hundred
fifty–four employees in each factory. Mechanized industries employed less than two million workers
in 1851 (Mingay 26). In 1871 there were one hundred forty–five factories making boots and shoes,
and each factory employed an average of one hundred twenty–five workers. There were fifty–eight
cheap clothing factories that employed an average of one hundred thirty–six workers a piece. The
expansion of the market at home and overseas was the ultimate reason for the growth of the factories
in Britain (Mingay 26). Along the River Severn is the Industrial Revolution–Iron Bridge which
provided Britain with many minerals, clay, coal, and iron ore (Whitehouse 26). The citizens of
Britain had a hard time finding jobs during the Industrial Revolution. There were more workers than
jobs offered, which made it harder on the

The first industrial revolution (IR) which occurred in 18th century Britain was a turning point which
sculpted the modern economy and also laid the foundation of modern day production. The primary
reasoning for the revolution occurring is the movement of mode of production. For example, the
migration of production with the use of human labour to more mechanised production in factories.
The origin of the IR and the reasoning why it took place in 18th century Britain is argued upon by
many historians and thinkers. The two key economic historians I will be focusing on are David S.
Landes and Kenneth Pomeranz. Their narratives of the origins of the IR differ in terms of why, how,
when and where it happened. Landes argues that Britain was superior in comparison to other parts of
the world and that it was the change in the mode of production and various innovations that caused
the IR to occur. Whereas Pomeranz argues that Britain was struck by luck due to many key events
taking place which caused Britain to consequently benefit from the industrial revolution. In this essay
I will explain the narratives of both individuals and explain my conclusion as to why I believe
Landes presented a better narrative in explaining the origin of the industrial revolution and the rise of
the west.
According to Arnold Toynbee, "The essence of the industrial revolution is the substitution of
competition for the medieval regulations which has previously controlled the production and
distribution of wealth". (Toynbee, 1884, 58). This meant that the IR was mainly based on the
substitution of previous methods of production with new and improved methods. David S. Landes
supported these factors with his arguments. He stated that "In the 18th century, a series of inventions
transformed the British cotton manufacture and gave birth to a new mode of production– the factory
system" (VLE, week 4). These innovations that changed Britain fell under three principles; the
substitution of machines for human labour, the substitution of inanimate for animate sources of
power and the substitution of minerals for vegetable or animal substances. These substitutions
ultimately are what made the industrial revolution according to Landes. Landes argued that

How Did Britain Contribute To Industrialization
By the 1800's, Britain was undoubtedly the most successful and powerful nation in the world. This
was a direct result of the Industrial Revolution, a time period in which drastic changes occurred in
all aspects of life. As the birthplace of this revolution, Britain was able to build a strong economy,
navy and trading sector. This gave Britain a significant advantage over other countries who had not
yet industrialised, holding much authority and power as an empire for the proceeding decades.
Prior to the Industrial Revolution, Britain was primarily an agrarian society, with the agricultural
sector employing the majority of the population, approximately 80 per cent.
In comparison, the manufacturing, mining and the trade industries represented...show more content...
An already relatively wealthy and powerful country, Britain also had a stable government. Limited
conflict, both political and social, created a sense of stability. This factor, in combination with a
more advanced system of banking compared to other parts of Europe, encouraged the growth of
businesses. Middle class entrepreneurs were critical as they were able to invest money into new
technologies and engineering projects, without which many inventions would not have been
discovered. The fact Britain was based on capitalism also enabled businesses to flourish. It provided
fertile grounds for those wanting to take risks and try new methods without the direct interference of
the government. In other parts of Europe, many governments set stricter restrictions which limited
opportunities and individual freedom.
As a result of these factors, Britain was the first nation to undergo the Industrial Revolution and
secure its place as a wealthy and strong empire. The characteristics that had led Britain to be the first
nation to experience the Industrial Revolution now helped the nation to consolidate its position
globally. Being first allowed Britain to harness the new technologies and thereby capitalise on the
advancements made. This gave Britain a strong lead on the rest of the world, one which they
maintained for a number of

The Effect of Industrial Revolution on Britain
"An industrial revolution is the term generally applied to the complex of economic changes which
are involved in the transformation of a pre–industrial, traditional type of economy, characterized by
low productivity and normally stagnant growth rates, to a modern industrialized stage of economic
development, in which output per head and standards of living are relatively high, and economic
growth is normally sustained."
CIPOLLA, C.M. (1975).
This essay will critically examine a number of reasons for the take off of the industrial revolution in
Britain. It will critically explain a number of social changes which took place within Britain due
...show more content...
"Crop rotation is the arrangement whereby the successive development of different crops in a
specified order on the same fields is employed instead of the one–crop technique or a shoddy style."
Micropedia Britannica.
This pointed to the usefulness of selecting rotation crops. Therefore the system proved to be a
success and was continue, though agricultural development was a slow process that took shape
over a long time period and was the result of a number of smaller changes such asГўв‚¬В¦
"More sophisticated irrigation, better tools made from iron, improved ploughs, the breeding of more
productive varieties of crops, better crop rotation and the circulation of new crops from the 16th
Century onwards." (PONTING, C. 2001:638)
The agricultural revolution had also weakened the old feudal bonds that had been he core necessity
of the structure for so long, and had required the cooperation of the peasantry by providing them
with both support and protection. New ideas were surfacing and the masses were no longer needed.
Increased Production
& it's Consequences
With the inventions of new machinery came increased productivity inasmuch that these new
appliances considerably speeded up the process from sowing to

The Industrial Revolution in Britain in the late 1700s and early 1800s was one of the greatest
contributions to improvement in the lives of people all around the world. It made the world an
easier place to live in and helped to better living and working conditions. Many argue about what
were the most important contributions to the success of the Industrial Revolution and most can easily
be argued to show that they were very important, but Britain's resources were crucial to the success
of the revolution while its supply of labor and entrepreneurs were close secondary options of being
one of the more important reasons for the revolution taking off.
Britain is fortunate enough to have many important resources that led to the start of the revolution.
They were always looking for ways to better improve the ways their employees worked and which
ways would make the most profit. The inventions that were made by entrepreneurs and inventors
alike were what helped to make up a lot of the industrial revolution and pushed it to the point of
success that laid down a foundation for more innovation for years to come.
Entrepreneurs and inventors worked hand in hand to help each other and build up the revolution.
Entrepreneurs helped fund inventors ideas and had the business experience to push the inventions to
a profit making level. The risks these entrepreneurs took to invest in these inventors and businesses
made the Industrial Revolution in Britain much more successful and it could not have gotten to the
point it did without entrepreneurs.
Overall the success of the Industrial Revolution was built off of many contributing factors. There
will never be one answer to what was the number one most important factor based off of differing
human opinions. The revolution could not be successful off of just one of the factors so there is
not any that are unimportant. It is fair to say that resources were definitely probably number one or
very high on the list of what was the most important while factors like supply of labor and
entrepreneurs were only secondary in the success of the Industrial Revolution in

Essay on Industrial Revolution
2. INTRODUCTION
During the second half of the 17th century, there were a drastic breakthrough in mainly Great
Britain's, but gradually the rest of the worlds development, that would lead to radical changes in
peoples lives, working relations and environment.
Industrial revolution was so fundamental that it's often compared with the transition from farming to
stock raising, which began several thousand years before the birth of Christ. Considering the uses of
natural resources, can human history be dived up into three pieces of varying length; hundreds of
thousands years before "the agricultural revolution", thousands of years between this and the
Industrial revolution and the two hundreds years after the beginning of Industrial...show more
content...
A serie of technical ideas were combined step by step to form new systems. Mainly two of these got
a big importance and lead to the textile industry and coalfield technology.
The Industrial Revolution was not a sudden appearance; it was the result of a long learning period.
The most common to say that it "started" was in Great Britain for 250 years ago.
The initial stages were in the 1760th. Within a half decade it started to spread, at first to the north
west parts of Europe and to the USA. The early industrialisation in Belgium, France started around
the 1820th. Industrialisation process arised from the extensive changes that occurred in the world
economy.
4.2 Britain and the increased population
Before the 17th century, the most prominent economies in the world, was characterised by
handicraft works and a big labour force that was engaged to farming. Some factors started during the
17th century that gave rise to the worlds first Industrial revolution, such as rise of the middle class,
expansion of trade and markets, centralisation of the state and scientific revolution. Many of these
were specific for Great Britain, were the Industrial revolution started.
New farming methods came to use during late 16th century. Farmers in many parts of Europe,
including Ireland, France, started to raise potatoes. A plant from the "New World", that for a long
tome was seen with a big suspiciousness. A higher rate of potato

Industrial Revolution In Britain Abstract
This research paper aims to present the industrial revolution in Britain. First, it will provide a brief
historical account the Industrial Revolution. Secondly, it will give the argument that why did the
Industrial Revolution begin in Britain. Finally, a conclusion will present the consequences of it. The
History of Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution is one of the most important turning point
in human history. "Industrial Revolution, The This term is used to refer to the period of rapid social,
economic, demographic, and technological change which took place in Britain from the latter half of
the eighteenth century to the first half of the nineteenth century " (Marshall, 1998).Before...show
more content...
Industrialization increased in population and urbanization, as a growing number of people moved
to urban in search of employment. Some people became very wealthy, but some lived in terrible
conditions. People started spending their free time entertaining. Britain experienced political unrest
as the industrialization and urbanization of the country created a need for social and political
change. There were increasing demands for social welfare, education, labor rights, and equality.
Imperialism grew and occurred the need of raw materials and new markets for industrialized goods.
Imperialism did not completely end until after World War II. Capitalism and also banking system
was improved. Class struggle was increased. (KГјГ§Гјkkalay, 1997, s.

The impact of the Industrial Revolution on British society and economy
There is no doubt that the Industrial Revolution plays a central role in the modern British history.
The structure of British society has forever changed by the impact and consequences of Industrial
Revolution. The Industrial Revolution is often stated as the increase of the number of factories, the
exercise of steam power in a wide range of area and the mass–production produced by new
technology in the course of 1750 to 1850 (Lane, 1978: 72). Engles (1986: 37) argued that the
Industrial Revolution's mainly development were the invention of the steam engine and the cotton
industry. As the improvement of technology, the steam engine could produce more power with less
People often lived and worked in family unit, presenting everything by their own hand. Porter (1999)
points out that around 75% British lived in the village, and most people ensure their life by farming.
As a result of the Industrial Revolution, this situation no longer continued. The new law required that
all owner's of gazing grounds must afford the expense for fence, which lead to many farmers go
bankrupt, at the meantime, many hand weavers unemployed because the new machines capability of
produce big amount outputs (Stearns, 1998). Consequently, it forced many people find jobs in new
factories, and moved to cities where the factory located (Porter, 1999). It is also important to state
that although they worked for long hours, they only get paid little money. As they could not
afford the higher living expenses in big cities, they had to move into the slum house. It is
necessary to point out that over 12,000 people lived in 1,400 houses, nearly one family shared
per room (included about nine people at average) (Engles, 1968: 62). This lead to several distress
like air pollution, typhoid and cholera to threaten people's lives (Stearns, 1998). Dean (1983: 104)
also describes that the living conditions were fearful, in the course of early year of Industrial
Revolution, over half of children aged under five years old dead because of the infectious

Great Britain and the Industrial Revolution Why did Great Britain lead the Industrial Revolution?
The Industrial Revolution of the 18th century changed Europe forever. At the front of this change
was Great Britain, which used some natural advantages and tremendous thinking and innovation to
become the leader of the Industrial Revolution.
First, Britain had some tremendous natural attributes. It was naturally endowed with many deposits
of coal and iron ore, which were used heavily in the early stages of factory production. In addition,
Britain was situated at a critical point for international trade. Its position between the United States
and the rest of Europe allowed them to have a serious impact in all matters of trade....show more
content...
Once the factory became common, technological advances were soon made to improve them, the
most important of which was the division of labor.
This use of factories increased economic growth two–fold and "facilitated economies of scales in
mass–produced goods and the introduction of new technology for accelerating production" (Evans
110). Mass production made usually expensive items, such as shoes, less expensive and easily
affordable by lower class and less wealthy people, which improved the quality of life and spurred on
more advancement. One such advancement was James Watt's improvement of the steam engine,
which shifted factory power from water to steam, making possible steam driven machinery. This also
led to an increased demand for iron and coal, which in turn led to an increase in the mining
industries. Some of the most important advancements came in the production of cotton, where
several inventions stood out: John Kay's flying shuttle of 1733, which greatly increased weaving
speed; James Hargreaves spinning jenny, which made possible the automatic production of thread;
Richard Arkwright's water frame; and Edmund Cartwright's machine loom. It was the textile industry
that pioneered the Industrial Revolution and its innovators encouraged others to continue the
technological advancements that made Britain's economy flourish. All of this innovation needed
entrepreneurs to use capital to put the inventions to work, and

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