Verbs and Verb Tenses with Timeline

We normally define VERBS as
action words… but that is just a
part of its definition
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What is she doing?
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She is drawing.

VERBS
Verbs are “doing” words.
Verbs can express:
✘ Physical Actions
✘ Mental Actions
✘ States of Being
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VERBS
Physical Action
Examples:
The doctor wrote
the prescription
Alison bought a
ticket.
She sells lemonade.
Mental Action
Examples:
She considers the
job done,
Peter guessed the
right number
I thought the same
thing
State of Being
Examples:
Dumbo is the
largest elephant in
this area.
It was a joke
I am.
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Kinds of Verbs
Different Kinds of Verbs
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Action verbs are used to
tell what kind of action a
person, or a thing is
making. They may be
physical or mental.
ACTION VERBS
Examples:
✘ Dance, speak, sing,
walk (physical)
✘ Dream, remember,
worry, believe (mental)
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They require an object to
complete its meaning
TRANSITIVE VERBS
Examples:
✘ Marinell took the books to
school
(the word books is the object
which complete the verb, took)
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They are complete by
itself and does not
require an object to
complete its meaning.
INTRANSITIVE VERBS
Examples:
✘ Justine laughed
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It connects a subject and
its complement. They do
not show action.
Linking verbs are often
the forms of “to be”
They are sometimes
related to the five senses
and sometimes reflect a
state of being
LINKING VERBS
Examples:
✘ The glass is empty
✘ The bathroom smells bad.
✘ Grandfather seems sad.
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They are added before
another verb in order to
make a verb phrase.
It may be formed from
have, can, may, be, shall,
will, might, must and do,
or combination of them.
HELPING/AUXILIARY VERBS
Examples:
✘ The nanny is sleeping.
✘ I think you should come.
✘ We might get paid today.
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A type of auxiliary verb
that is used to express
modality (ability,
possibility, permission or
obligation)
MODAL VERBS
Examples:
✘ The nanny is sleeping.
✘ I think you should come.
✘ We might get paid today.
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Verbs that do NOT refer
to a physical action; they
express a state or
condition (things which
are permanent; things
which don't have a
beginning or end).
It has 4 types: senses,
emotion, being, and
possession.
STATIVE VERBS
Examples:
✘ Like, love, believe, know,
understand, have, prefer, hate
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It consists of a verb and
another word or phrase,
usually a preposition.
They are sometimes
idiomatic.
PHRASAL VERBS
Examples:
✘ My boss called off the meeting
✘ Father found out that the
water tank is empty
✘ Maria was turned down
twelve times before she finally
got the job
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What is a tense?
It is a verb-based method used to indicate the time,
sometimes the continuation or completeness of an
action or state in relation to the time of speaking.
From the Latin word”tempus”, meaning time.
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Time – it expresses:
✘ Past- before now
✘ Present- now, or any time that includes now
✘ Future- after now
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TWO PARTS OF VERB TENSES:

Aspect – refers to the flow of time.
Aspect addresses whether or not the action takes
place in a single block of time or if the action is
continuous or repeated
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TWO PARTS OF VERB TENSES:
✘ Simple
✘ Progressive
✘ Perfect
✘ Perfect Progressive
The Four Aspects of Verb Tenses

THE 12 VERB TENSES
SIMPLE
Simple Present
Simple Past
Simple Future
PROGRESSIVE
Present Progressive
Past Progressive
Future Progressive
PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
Present Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Future Perfect Progressive
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PERFECT
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Future Perfect

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The Simple Tenses
It indicates an action or event that happens at a
particular time.

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The Simple Present
 it denotes something that is true in the past, is true in the
present and will be true in the future.
 It is a general statement of facts and timeless truths. It is
also used to express habitual or everyday activities.
 It is the only tense that involves past, present and future.

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The Simple Present Timeline
Expresses a habit or often repeated action. Adverbs of
frequency such as, often, seldom, sometimes, never,
etc. are used with this tense.
She goes to work everyday.
They always eat lunch together.

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The Simple Present Timeline
This tense also expresses general truths or facts
that are timeless.
Snow falls in the December in Minnesota.
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.

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How to form the Simple Present
Subject + Verb (Present/Base Form)
I watch TV everyday.
The Earth is round.

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The Simple Past
it indicates an action that began and ended at a
particular time in the past.

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The Simple Past Timeline
We use the simple past to indicate exactly when an
action or event took place in the past
I visited my sister yesterday.
We went out to dinner last night.

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How to form the Simple Past
Subject + Verb (Past Form)
I watched the TV yesterday.
We visited my grandmother last week.

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The Simple Future
it is used to express future time. To express
future time, we use WILL and BE GOING TO

The use of WILL
✘ In prediction:
• It will rain tomorrow
✘ In expressing willingness
• (The phone is
ringing) I will answer
it.
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The Simple Future
The use of BE GOING TO
✘ In prediction:
It is going to rain tomorrow
✘ In expressing prior plan
• He is going to buy a car
• I am going to paint my
room tomorrow

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The Simple Future Timeline
Will and be+going+to are often used to describe future
actions
Thomas will graduate in June.
Maria is going to go to Mexico next week.

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The Simple Future Timeline
The simple present and present continuous are also
used to express future time. These are often used used
in connection with schedules.
She is meeting a new client at eleven o’clock.
The train leaves at 6:00 a.m. tomorrow.

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How to form the Simple Future
Subject + will + verb (present/base form)
I will watch the TV later in the evening.
It will be cloudy tomorrow.
Subject + be+ going to+ verb(present/base form)
We are going to visit grandmother this weekend.
It is going to be cloudy tomorrow.

The Progressive Tenses
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It gives the idea that an action is in progress during
at a particular time. The tenses say that an action
begins before, is in progress during, and continues
after another time or action

The Present Progressive Tense
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It expresses an activity that is in progress at the
moment of speaking. It is a temporary activity that
began in the past, is continuing at present, and will
probably end at some point in the future.
It is also an activity of a general nature: something
generally in progress this week, this month, this
year

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This tense is used to describe an action that is occurring right
now (at this moment, today, this year, etc.). The action
has begun and is still in progress. It can be occurring now,
but is temporary.
She is typing a paper for her class.
He can’t talk. He is fixing the sink right now.

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Subject +am/is/are+ Verb (-ing)
I am watching the TV right now.
She is looking at the window.

The Past Progressive Tense
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It expresses an action that began before and was in
progress at a particular time in the past.

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The past continuous is often used with the simple
past to show that one action was in progress when
another action occurred.
I was taking a bath when the doorbell rang.
They were eating dinner when the neighbors stopped by
for a visit.

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The past continuous is used to talk about an
activity that was in progress at a specific point of
time in the past. The emphasis is on the duration of
the activity in the past.
I was studying for an exam while my mother was
cooking dinner.
We were walking in the park around 7 p.m. last night.

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Subject +was/were+ Verb (-ing )
I was watching the TV yesterday when my father
arrived
We were dancing when the mailman came..

The Future Progressive Tense
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It expresses an activity that will be in progress at a
time in the future. There is little or no difference
between the future progressive and the simple
future, especially when the future event will occur
at an indefinite time in the future.

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This tense is used to describe an event or action that will
occur over a period of time at a specific point in the future.
I will be teaching ESL 40 at 10 a.m. tomorrow.
They will be moving their furniture out of the house by the
time you arrive tomorrow.
at 10 a.m. tomorrow
by the time you arrive

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Subject +will+be+Verb (-ing )
I will be watching the TV tomorrow.
We will be performing next week.

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The Perfect Tenses
✘ it gives the idea that one thing happens
before another time or event.

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The Present Perfect Tense
✘ it expresses the idea that something happened (or never
happened) before now, at an unspecified time in the past.
The exact time it happened is not important.
✘ It also expresses the repetition of an activity before now.
The exact time of each repetition is not important.
✘ When the present perfect tense is used with for and since, it
also expresses a situation that began in the past and
continues to the present. Since +particular time, for + a
duration of time

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✘ The present perfect is also used to talk about an event
that was completed in the past, but the specific time of
the event is not important.
✘ I have seen that movie before.
✘ He has already visited Vietnam.
✘ (Specific dates and times are not mentioned.)

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The present perfect is used to talk about an event that
began in the past and continues up to the present.
✘ He has lived in Modesto for two years.
(He began living in Modesto two years ago and he still
lives there.)

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Subject +has/have+ Verb(Past Participle)
I have watched the TV.
We have already visited my grandmother.

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The Past Perfect Tenses
✘ It expresses an activity that was completed before
another activity or time in the past.
✘ If either before or after is used in the sentence, the
past perfect is often not necessary because the time
relationship is already clear.

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The Past Perfect Tense
This tense describes completed events that took place in
the past before another past event.
✘ The Titanic had received many warnings before it
hit the iceberg.
✘ I had already eaten when my friend stopped by to
visit.
had received
had eaten
it hit
my friend stopped by

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The Past Perfect Tense
Subject +had+ Verb(Past Participle)
I had watched the TV when it rained.
We had visited my grandmother when my
aunt called about it.

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The Future Perfect Tense
✘ it expresses an activity that will be completed before
another time or event in the future.
✘ (Note: “by the time” introduces a time clause; the simple
present is used in a time clause).

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The Future Perfect Tense
✘ This tense is used to describe an event or action that
will be completed before another event or time in the
future.
✘ We will have finished the exam by the time class
ends tomorrow.
will have finished the exam class ends

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The Perfect Progressive Tenses
✘ it gives the idea that one event is in progress
immediately before, until another time or event.
✘ The tenses are used to express the duration of the
first event.

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The Present Perfect Progressive Tense
✘ This tense is used to indicate the duration of an
activity that began in the past and continues to
present. When tense has this meaning, it is used
with time words such as for, since, all morning, all
day, all week. between the two tenses when since and
for is used.

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✘ Verbs with stative meanings are not used in
progressive. The present perfect, NOT the present
perfect progressive is used with stative verbs to
describe a duration of a state (rather than an
activity) that began in the past and continues to the
present.

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✘ When the tense is used without any specific
mention of time, it expresses a general activity in
progress recently, lately. With certain verbs (most
notably live, work, teach), there is little or no
difference in the meaning

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✘ This tense is used to describe the duration of an
action that began in the past and continues into the
present.
✘ He has been studying grammar for an hour.
✘ She has been cooking all day.
✘ (He is still studying and she is still cooking.)

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✘ This tense is also used to describe events
that have been in progress recently and are rather
temporary.
✘ She has been living in Taiwan for the last two
months, but she plans to move soon.

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Subject +has/have+been+Verb(-ing)
I have been watching the TV for two
hours already.
She has been teaching for a month, but
she plans to work in a call center

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The Past Perfect Progressive Tense
✘ It emphasizes the duration of an activity that was
in progress before another activity or time in the
past.
✘ It may also express an activity in progress close in
time to another activity or time in the past.

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✘ This tense is used to emphasize the duration of an action that
was completed before another action or event in the past.
✘ She had been driving around the city for three
hours before she finally found the right office.
had been
driving she found the right office

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Subject +had+been+Verb(-ing)
I had been watching the TV for two hours
when my mother called for me.
She had been listening to the radio for an
hour when her father came.

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The Future Perfect Progressive Tense
✘
✘ It emphasizes the duration of an activity that will
be in progress before another time or event in the
future.
✘ Sometimes future perfect and future perfect
progressive have the same meaning.

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✘ This tense describes an action that has been in
progress for a duration of time before another
event or time in the future..
✘ By the time he finishes law school, we will have
been living in the U.S. for eight years.
will have been living in the
U.S. for eight years
finishes law school

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Subject +will+have+been+Verb(-ing)
I will have been watching the TV for two
hours by the time you arrive.
She will have been listening to the radio
for an hour by the time you call her for
dinner.

Verbs and Verb Tenses with Timeline

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