Before moving to Barcelona, Mary had bought a house there. After finishing dinner, the children had eaten ice cream. When Christopher Columbus landed in North America in 1492, millions of Native Americans had been living in North America for thousands of years. By the time the Wright Brothers flew their first plane on December 17, 1903, Jean-François Pilatre de Rozier had become the world’s first human flier using a balloon in 1753. After the National Free Bank had made bad investments, they went bankrupt.

1. Pastperfect and Pastperfectcontinuous

2. Pastperfect7:30am….I ate a big breakfast 8:00am….I went to school.Now…. 1:00 pmBoth of these activities happened in the past! However, one happened before the otherWhat happened first? What happened second?First: I ate breakfast.Second: I went to school.

3. Here is a common way to write (or say) these two actions using the past perfect. The past perfect is written in red.Before I went to school, I had eatena big breakfast. -OR- After I had eatenbreakfast, I went to school.

4. What do you notice about the past perfect? First, you should have noticed that the past perfect is the action (had eaten a big breakfast) that happened BEFORE the other action in the past (went to school).

5. Read and rewrite the following sentences using the past perfect. Combine the sentences using the word or phrase given. The first one has been done for you. 1. First: Bill bought a house in Barcelona. Second: Mary moved to Barcelona. Phrase or Word: Before

6. First: The children finished dinner. Second: They ate ice cream. Phrase or Word: After

7. First: Millions of Native Americans (American Indians) were in North America for thousands of years. Second: Christopher Columbus landed in North America in 1492. Phrase or Word: When

8. First: In 1753, Jean-François Pilatre de Rozier became the world’s first human flier by using a balloon. Second: The Wright Brothers flew their first plane on December 17, 1903. Phrase or Word: By the time

9. The National Free Bank made bad investments. Second: They went bankrupt. Phrase or Word: After

10. PastPerfectcontinuousWe use the Past Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and continued up until another time in the past. "For five minutes" and "for two weeks" are both durations which can be used with the Past Perfect Continuous

11. Examples:They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived.She had been working at that company for three years when it went out of business.How long had you been waiting to get on the bus? Mike wanted to sit down because he had been standing all day at work. James had been teaching at the university for more than a year before he left for Asia.A: How long had you been studying Turkish before you moved to Ankara?B: I had not been studying Turkish very long.

12. Cause of Something in the PastUsing the Past Perfect Continuous before another action in the past is a good way to show cause and effect.Examples:Jason was tired because he had been jogging.Sam gained weight because he had been overeating.Betty failed the final test because she had not been attending class.

13. Exerciseshttp://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs13.htmhttp://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs14.htm