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TENSES.ppt

This document provides an overview of English verb tenses and aspects. It discusses the simple present, present progressive, present perfect, past, past progressive, future, and future progressive tenses. It also covers consistency of tense, modals, and reviews verb tense concepts. The key aspects covered are: - There are 12 main verb tenses/aspects in English that express time or continuity of actions. - Verb tense must be consistent when describing events that occur at the same time or in sequence. - Modal verbs like can, may, must are used to express ability, permission, obligation and other meanings when joined with a main verb. - The document reviews verb tense uses and

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Understanding verb tense What are the verb tenses? Present and present perfect Past and past perfect Future and future perfect Consistency of tense Modals Review A Review B
What are the verb tenses? Verbs do a lot of work in sentences. They show actions and states of being. They even take different forms to show time. flies flew will fly
People change What we know of other people is only our memory of the moments during which we knew them. And they have changed since then… at every meeting we are meeting a stranger. T.S. Eliot, The Cocktail Party
Gwen plays guitar in a jazz band. The tense of a verb indicates the time of the action or state of being expressed by the verb. Past Future Present Present Perfect She has played in the band for three years. Future Future Perfect Perfect tenses indicate that something happened or existed before a specific point in time. Gwen will play in a concert tomorrow. She will have played in ten concerts by April. Past Gwen played last year as well. Past Perfect She had played violin before then. Present What are the verb tenses?
The tenses of verbs are formed from the four principal parts of verbs. Present Participle Base Form Past Past Participle smile choose [is] smil [is] choos ing smile d cho se [have] smile d [have] cho sen ing What are the verb tenses?
Each tense has a progressive form, which is used to express continuing action or state of being. What are the verb tenses? Present progressive am, are, is talking Past progressive was, were talking Future progressive will (shall) be talking Present perfect progressive has, have been talking Past perfect progressive had been talking Future perfect progressive will (shall) have been talking
What are the verb tenses? Present and present perfect The present tense expresses an action or a state of being that is occurring now, at the present time. Today we honor our veterans. Polly is marching in the parade. (Progressive form)
What are the verb tenses? Present and present perfect The present tense is also used in these ways: In Grapes of Wrath, Steinbeck shows us the extremes of life during the depression. to discuss a literary work (literary present) In 1927, Charles Lindbergh flies nonstop across the Atlantic. to make historical events seem current (historical present) The sun rises in the east. to express a general truth We recycle our aluminum cans. to show a customary or habitual action or state of being We travel to Utah next month. to express future time
What are the verb tenses? Present and present perfect The present perfect tense • is usually formed using the helping verb have or has plus the past participle • expresses an action or a state of being that occurred at an indefinite time in the past Mike has been in several parades. He has played the drum in all of them.
Simple Present Tense Otherwise known as the Timeless Present
Simple Present Tense is used: • When you are referring to habitual actions--actions that you always or never do • When you are referring to unchanging truths • When you are making general statements of fact
simple present tense Examples • (habit) He always comes late to class. • (unchanging truth) The sun rises in the east. • (general statement of fact) They are friendly.
simple present tense Indicators Always Whenever Everyday Usually Often Frequently Sometimes Rarely Occasionally never
simple present tense Form I study I wait You study You wait S/he/it studies s/he/it waits We study we wait They study they wait
simple present tense Diagram--time on a line
Present perfect
The Present Perfect is Used: • When an activity happened at an unspecified time in the past (before the present) • When an activity has been repeated several times before now • When an activity was very recently completed before now • When an activity is not completed in the past
Present Perfect Tense Examples • (unspecified time before now) They have already seen that movie. • (repeated activity before now) We have visited New York City many times. • (an action has recently been completed before now) I have just eaten. • (action not completed in the past) I have studied Spanish for many years.
Present Perfect Tense Indicators Before Ever Never So far Already Yet Just Recently For since
Present Perfect Tense Form 1 have or has + past participle I have studied . . . I have seen . . . You have studied . . . You have seen . . . S/he/it has studied . . S/he/it has seen . . . We have studied . . . We have seen . . . They have studied . . . They have seen . . .
Present Perfect Tense Form 2 I've walked . . . I've grown . . . You've walked . . . You've grown . . . S/he/it's walked . . . S/he/it's grown . . . We've walked . . . We've grown . . . They've walked . . . They've grown . . .
Present Perfect Tense Diagram 1--time on a line
Present Perfect Tense Diagram 2--time on a line
The Present Progressive Tense Sometimes called the Present Continuous Tense
The Present Progressive Tense is Used: • When an activity is in progress now at the moment of speaking • When an activity began before now and continues into the future without stopping. • When an activity is temporary. • When an activity is developing and changing.
Present Progressive Tense Examples • I’m explaining something to the class right now. • He’s taking 16 credits this semester. • She is understanding English more and more because she moved into the dorm.
Present Progressive Tense Indicators Right now, at this moment Still This year, week, month, etc. As we speak
Present Progressive Tense Form I am studying I'm studying You are studying You're studying S/he/it is studying S/he/it's studying We are studying We're studying They are studying They're studying
Present Progressive Tense Diagram--time on a line
Present Perfect Progressive • This tense is used to describe actions that have been continuously in progress before now. These actions are not completed. • Example: I have been waiting here for the last two hours. • Form: have or has + been + verbing
What are the verb tenses? Present and present perfect The present perfect tense is also used to express an action or state of being that began in the past and continues into the present. In this case, perfect means complete. Jean Marc has been taking flute lessons for six years. Mr. Kasuba has taught music at our school since 2004. (Progressive form)
What are the verb tenses? Past and past perfect The past tense expresses an action or a state of being that occurred in the past but did not continue into the present. They were swinging for a long time. The two friends shared the large swing. (Progressive form)
What are the verb tenses? Past and past perfect The past perfect tense • is usually formed using had plus the past participle • expresses an action or a state of being that ended before another past action or state of being occurred After Maria had gone home, Kim was bored. She asked her dad about the time that he had been a lifeguard at the beach.
The Simple Past Tense is Used: • When an activity or situation began and ended at a particular time in the past--in other words, when an activity or situation is completed in the past • To refer to past habits
Simple Past Tense Examples • (Completed action in the past) He was late to class yesterday. • (Completed action in the past) We arrived three weeks ago. • (Past habit) She always wrote a letter to her mother on Sunday night.
Past Perfect • This tense is not used a lot. It can often be used interchangeably with the simple past because these tenses do not differ much in meaning. The past perfect tense refers to activities that happened before a specific time in the past. • Example, He had visited her many times before she died. • Form: had + past participle
Past Progressive • This tense is used to refer to activities continuously in progress around a time in the past. • Example: They were eating when the taxi arrived. • Form: was or were + verbing
Past Perfect Progressive • This tense is used when an activity was continuously in progress before a specific time in the past. • Example: I had been thinking about her before she called. • Form: had + been + verbing
Simple Past Tense Indicators Last night, week, year, month, Saturday, semester, etc. Yesterday ago
Simple Past Tense Form I studied I waited You studied You waited S/he/it studied S/he/it waited We studied We waited They studied They waited
Simple Past Tense Diagram--time on a line
The Future Tense is Used: • To indicate that an activity or event will take place at a time in the future
Future Examples • When I’m retired, I’m going to travel. • Next week, we will work on punctuation. • He is going to get his car fixed tomorrow. • Our plane departs at noon next Friday.
Future Indicators Tomorrow Next Saturday, week, month, year, etc.
Future Form 1 I will stay I'll stay You will stay You'll stay S/he/it will stay S/he/it'll stay We will stay We'll stay They will stay They'll stay
Future Form 2 I am going to stay I'm going to stay You are going to stay You're going to stay S/he/it is going to stay S/he/it's going to stay We are going to stay We're going to stay They are going to stay They're going to stay
Future Tense Form 3 Sometimes the simple present tense or the present progressive tense are used to express a future meaning. Usually these tenses are used when scheduled events are being discussed. I arrive I am arriving You arrive You are arriving S/he/it arrives S/he/it is arriving We arrive We are arriving They arrive They are arriving
Future Diagram--Time on a Line
What are the verb tenses? Future and future perfect The future tense • is usually formed using will or shall plus the base form • expresses an action or a state of being that will occur My family will ride the train to Chicago. We will be arriving at five o’clock. (Progressive form)
What are the verb tenses? Future and future perfect The future tense • is usually formed using will or shall plus the base form • expresses an action or a state of being that will occur My family will ride the train to Chicago. We will be arriving at five o’clock. (Progressive form)
What are the verb tenses? Future and future perfect The future perfect tense • is usually formed using will have or shall have plus the past participle • expresses an action or a state of being that will end before another future action or state of being By the time you receive this letter, she will have returned home. After this trip, he will have been to Chicago three times.
Future Perfect • The future perfect expresses the idea that an activity will occur before some future time. • Example: She will have finished dinner before the game starts. • Form: will + have + past participle
Future Progressive Tense • This tense is used to refer to activities that will be continuously in progress around some future time. • Example: We will be flying over New York at noon tomorrow. • Form: will + be + verbing
Future Perfect Progressive • This tense is used to refer to activities that will be continuously in progress before a future time. • Example: He will have been working for 3 hours before you arrive. • Form: will + have + been + verbing
[End of Section] Change the tense of the verb in each sentence, as indicated in parentheses. 1. I do not miss the bus. (Change to future.) 2. Were they at the party? (Change to past perfect.) 3. By then, Keith had returned. (Change to future perfect.) 4. The team will practice for an hour with no break. (Change to future perfect progressive.) 5. My sister dances well. (Change to past.) On Your Own What are the verb tenses?
summary
Overview of the English Verb Tense/Aspect System Simple Perfect (HAVE + verb+en) Progress- ive (BE + verb+ing) Perfect Progress- ive (HAVE + BEEN + verb+ing) Present * * * Past * Future *
Consistency of tense Do not change needlessly from one tense to another. To describe events that occur at the same time, use verbs in the same tense. Sara peeked over the fence and saw a cornfield. Sara peeks over the fence and sees a cornfield. past tense past tense present tense present tense
Consistency of tense For events that occur at different times, use verbs of different tenses to show the sequence of events. The pitcher wished that he had practiced more before the game. past tense past perfect tense The action of wishing happened after the action of practicing was complete.
Consistency of tense For events that occur at different times, use verbs of different tenses to show the sequence of events. Yesterday, Nina told us that her brother works every week at the senior center. past tense The action of telling occurred at a specific time in the past. The action of working occurs now. present tense
Consistency of tense [End of Section] On Your Own Proofread the paragraph for unnecessary changes of verb tense. Change the verbs to make the tenses consistent. (1) I was in my room Saturday morning, planning to study for two hours. (2) To my surprise, Nancy Chang drops by. (3) She dashed into the house, runs up the stairs, and calls my name. (4) What she wanted was a fishing companion. (5) As I get my fishing gear together, I was so happy. (6) On our way to the lake, we notice some dark clouds. (7) We wished we checked the weather first.
Modals A modal is a helping verb that is joined with a main verb or an infinitive to express an attitude toward the action or state of being of the main verb. Helping verbs used as modals can could may might must ought shall should will would
Modals The modal can or could is used to express ability. Tammy can play point guard in the second half. The team could have made better shots.
Modals The modal may is used to express permission or possibility. Yes, you may borrow my sweater. I might give some of my clothing to charity. The modal might is used to express possibility. Permission My clothes closet may be too full. Possibility
Modals The modal must is used most often to express a requirement. Sometimes, must is used to express an explanation. We must conserve energy in our homes. My brother must have left the lights on. Requirement Explanation
Modals The modal ought is used to express an obligation or a likelihood. Reggie ought to study harder for math quizzes. The next quiz ought to be more difficult than the last one. Obligation Likelihood
Modals The modal will or shall is used to express future time. After reviewing the entries, the panel will announce the winner. I shall enter my painting in the contest.
Modals The modal should is used to express a recommendation, an obligation, or a possibility. Terrell should leave soon to catch the bus. All students should get to school on time. Recommendation Obligation Possibility Should you arrive late, please go to the office first.
Modals The modal would is used to express the conditional form of a verb. In other words, it is used to express a situation that is contrary to fact. If the weather had been more pleasant, they would have gone on a picnic. Mrs. Chang would be happy to prepare food if you bring the plates and forks.
Modals Would can also be used to express future time in a subordinate clause when the main verb in the independent clause is in the past tense. They promised us that they would bring the music. past tense verb Main clause They promised us that they would bring the music. Subordinate clause modal expresses future time
Modals Would is sometimes used to express Every day she would wake early and feed the hens. Would you like a nice, fresh salad? • an action that was repeated in the past • an invitation or offer • a polite request Would you please bring me those books?
Modals [End of Section] Supply an appropriate modal for each sentence. 1. Jen _____ have cleaned out the garage yesterday. 2. _____ you please help Merrill with that large box? 3. You _____ probably guess what I am about to say. 4. If the train had been faster, we _____ have arrived sooner. 5. I’m not certain, but I think Dad _____ be cooking stew for dinner tonight. On Your Own
Review A Change the tense of each boldface verb to the tense indicated in parentheses. 1. The otter swam to the edge of the pond. (present perfect) 2. Our class will read Shakespeare’s Macbeth. (future progressive) 3. The three sisters regularly meet for lunch. (past) 4. Each student chooses a lab partner. (past perfect) 5. Wasps were entering the house through the torn screen. (present)
Review B [End of Section] 1. Colleen _____ almost reach the light bulb. (shows ability) 2. Jack _____ repair the bicycle tomorrow. (future tense) 3. Most of the girls _____ already left. (present perfect) 4. I _____ attend the concert if only I had more time. (shows a condition) 5. Tamara opens the refrigerator and _____ inside. (consistent tense) Supply an appropriate modal, helping verb, or main verb to complete each sentence correctly. The hints in parentheses will help you.
The End