This document discusses key terms related to vehicle body engineering including tailfins, center consoles, fascias, and other exterior and interior body parts. It also covers requirements for automobile body design such as strength, stiffness, adequate interior space, minimizing air drag, weather protection, corrosion resistance, and safety in accidents. Finally, it addresses the importance of visibility and methods to improve frontal, downward, and rearward visibility for drivers through strategic window placement and sizing.
Introduction : Basic Feature of an Automobile
Car Body Details
Types of Vehicle
Body Engineering Terminology
Morphology of Vehicle Body ( Structural ) Design
Design Considerations
Chassis is the main support structure of the vehicle which is also known as ‘Carrying Unit’. It bears all the stresses on the vehicle in both static and dynamic conditions.”
Introduction : Basic Feature of an Automobile
Car Body Details
Types of Vehicle
Body Engineering Terminology
Morphology of Vehicle Body ( Structural ) Design
Design Considerations
Chassis is the main support structure of the vehicle which is also known as ‘Carrying Unit’. It bears all the stresses on the vehicle in both static and dynamic conditions.”
Frame and Body of Automobile
Introduction to chassis, Classification of chassis, Conventional chassis,
Semi forward chassis, Full forward chassis, Engine at the front, Engine at the rear, Engine in mid, Frame of the automobile, Function of Frame, types of frame, conventional frame, semi-integral frame, integral frame, defects in chassis, Body of the automobile, types of the body in automobile,
Propeller shaft is a circular shaft which is used to transmit the power or rotational motion from the gear box to the final drive.
The propeller shaft as the name suggest “ propels the vehicle.
The suspension System of an automobile is one which separates the wheel/axle assembly from the body. The primary function of the suspension system is to isolate the vehicle structure from shocks & vibration due to irregularities of the road surface.
IN THIS BOOK DETAILS OF AUTOMOBILE CHASSIS BOOK
contents
1.0 Chassis, Frame and Body
1.1 Introduction of Chassis frame
1.2 Layout of the Chassis and its main components
1.3 Functions of the Chassis frame
1.4 Types of Chassis frames
1.5 Various loads acting on the frame
1.6 State the different bodies used in automobiles
1.7 Explain the requirements of bodies for various types of
vehicles viz. private, commercial etc.
2.0 Steering Sytem
2.1 Requirement of the Vehicle steering
2.2 Types of Steering ears, systems and power steering
2.3 Steering linkages mechanism under steering, over steering
2.4 Turning radius
2.5 Wheel alignment of Ackerman’s & Devis Steering gear,
Mechanism
2.6 Steering geometry – Caster, Camber, King pin inclination, toe
in and toe out
2.7 Steering defects – wheel woubble and shimmy
2.8 List our the type of steering system used in various vehicles
3.0 Braking system
3.1 Explain Functions of brakes
3.2 Requirements of automobile brakes
3.3 Explain stopping time and stopping distance
3.4 Type of Braking systems – Disc and Drum braking system
3.5 Construction and working of Mechanical, hydraulic, and air
brakes
3.6 List out the types of brakes used in various vehicles
4.0 Suspension System
4.1 Requirement of a automobile suspension system
4.2 Types of suspension system – conventional and Independent
4.3 Types of springs – Laminated spring, coil spring, helical spring
4.4 Need of Shock absorber – construction and working of
different types of shock absorbers
4.5 Stabilizer bar and torsion bar
4.6 List out the type of suspension system used in various vehicles
5.0 Seat, Door and Window mechanism
5.1 Construction and working of door lock mechanism
5.2 Construction and working of manual window regulating
mechanism
5.3 Construction and working of power window regulating
mechanism
5.4 Construction and working of seat adjusting mechanism
6.0 Air Conditioning of motor vehicles
6.1 Necessity of automobile air conditioning
6.2 Construction and working of passenger car air conditioning
7.0 Painting of automobiles
7.1 Body painting
7.2 Different types of painting – Spray painting – hand painting
procedures
8.0 Automobile Pollution
8.1 Effects of automobile pollution on environment and human
beings
8.2 Types of automobile emissions
8.3 Treatment of exhaust gases by using catalytic convectors
8.4 Measurement of percentage of pollutants from petrol &
Diesel vehicles with the help of exhaust gas analyzers
9.0 Legal aspects of motor vehicles
9.1 Traffic signs and signals
9.2 Registration requirements
9.3 Necessity of permits for commercial vehicles
9.4 Insurance coverage
9.5 Procedure for obtaining driving licenses
Frame and Body of Automobile
Introduction to chassis, Classification of chassis, Conventional chassis,
Semi forward chassis, Full forward chassis, Engine at the front, Engine at the rear, Engine in mid, Frame of the automobile, Function of Frame, types of frame, conventional frame, semi-integral frame, integral frame, defects in chassis, Body of the automobile, types of the body in automobile,
Propeller shaft is a circular shaft which is used to transmit the power or rotational motion from the gear box to the final drive.
The propeller shaft as the name suggest “ propels the vehicle.
The suspension System of an automobile is one which separates the wheel/axle assembly from the body. The primary function of the suspension system is to isolate the vehicle structure from shocks & vibration due to irregularities of the road surface.
IN THIS BOOK DETAILS OF AUTOMOBILE CHASSIS BOOK
contents
1.0 Chassis, Frame and Body
1.1 Introduction of Chassis frame
1.2 Layout of the Chassis and its main components
1.3 Functions of the Chassis frame
1.4 Types of Chassis frames
1.5 Various loads acting on the frame
1.6 State the different bodies used in automobiles
1.7 Explain the requirements of bodies for various types of
vehicles viz. private, commercial etc.
2.0 Steering Sytem
2.1 Requirement of the Vehicle steering
2.2 Types of Steering ears, systems and power steering
2.3 Steering linkages mechanism under steering, over steering
2.4 Turning radius
2.5 Wheel alignment of Ackerman’s & Devis Steering gear,
Mechanism
2.6 Steering geometry – Caster, Camber, King pin inclination, toe
in and toe out
2.7 Steering defects – wheel woubble and shimmy
2.8 List our the type of steering system used in various vehicles
3.0 Braking system
3.1 Explain Functions of brakes
3.2 Requirements of automobile brakes
3.3 Explain stopping time and stopping distance
3.4 Type of Braking systems – Disc and Drum braking system
3.5 Construction and working of Mechanical, hydraulic, and air
brakes
3.6 List out the types of brakes used in various vehicles
4.0 Suspension System
4.1 Requirement of a automobile suspension system
4.2 Types of suspension system – conventional and Independent
4.3 Types of springs – Laminated spring, coil spring, helical spring
4.4 Need of Shock absorber – construction and working of
different types of shock absorbers
4.5 Stabilizer bar and torsion bar
4.6 List out the type of suspension system used in various vehicles
5.0 Seat, Door and Window mechanism
5.1 Construction and working of door lock mechanism
5.2 Construction and working of manual window regulating
mechanism
5.3 Construction and working of power window regulating
mechanism
5.4 Construction and working of seat adjusting mechanism
6.0 Air Conditioning of motor vehicles
6.1 Necessity of automobile air conditioning
6.2 Construction and working of passenger car air conditioning
7.0 Painting of automobiles
7.1 Body painting
7.2 Different types of painting – Spray painting – hand painting
procedures
8.0 Automobile Pollution
8.1 Effects of automobile pollution on environment and human
beings
8.2 Types of automobile emissions
8.3 Treatment of exhaust gases by using catalytic convectors
8.4 Measurement of percentage of pollutants from petrol &
Diesel vehicles with the help of exhaust gas analyzers
9.0 Legal aspects of motor vehicles
9.1 Traffic signs and signals
9.2 Registration requirements
9.3 Necessity of permits for commercial vehicles
9.4 Insurance coverage
9.5 Procedure for obtaining driving licenses
This presentation is a summary of the workshop given at the 5th Innovative Seating conference 2010 in Frankfurt. It concerns observing postures, facilitating various positions and ways to study comfort in seats
Acura and Honda Gen Z City Car, Red Bull Baja 1000 Utility Vehicle, and Lamborghini Supercar Projects
• Utilized the design process from concept creations to sketch exploration, design refinement, to final proposal
• Produced presentation layouts with brand, buyer, concept, package, ideation, styling refinements and final design
• Created brand image and buyer to concept; human relation to package and vehicle architecture
• Prepared automotive sketches and renderings with respect to perspective, light source, basic reflection and color shift
The Wall Street Journal on October 10, 2013 reported an old problem in the automotive industry. Some cars are suitable for tall drivers while others are not. The same is true for short drivers. The industry follows a design process developed in the 1950s that uses a tool defined by a tall man’s legs and average man’s torso to create a position in the car interior about which all structures are placed. This “design position” has been incorporated into Federal regulations and has created an approach to design that is based entirely upon position. Mary Barra, GM’s product chief, spoke of this position problem in a 2012 interview at the North American International Auto Show, when she talked about poorly placed dashboard buttons that lowered a car’s reputation for quality. Then, in 2012, J D Power’s APEAL survey found that seat design is as unsatisfactory to owners as the infotainment systems in cars yet seat quality, i.e. manufacturing, is at historical highs. The combination of poorly placed dashboard buttons with seat dissatisfaction leads to the conclusion that the absence of seated driver models in interior design is a problem for the auto industry. Research at Michigan State University in the 1990s uncovered that this approach does not include seat design nor use any seated drivers to develop the interior layout. As part of this research program, it was also learned that the seat constrains driver sitting postures and directly affects the driver’s section of seat position, steering wheel position, and eye location. Thus, to establish interior design without a seat directly contributes to the difficulty drivers experience in finding a car that fits.
Car seats have struggled for many years to live up to promise. This struggle is explained by a design process that leaves the seat out of interior design until all positions and geometry of the interior have been established. The result is unpredictable comfort, unexpected problems with vision of the dash and reach to controls and a general inability to sit in your preferred posture. A new tool is available to provide the manufacturers with seated driver models that represent the seated needs of the driver at the start of design. This presentation is the story of the current process and the tool that can fix it.
ERL is a virtual tool that explains subjective discomfort to the engineer/designer and designs seats to maximize comfort for all driver body sizes. It calculates a comfort score that outperforms J D Power and Consumer Reports in its correlation to subjective driver scores. The result is a tool that reduces time to market, development costs, and provides seats in vehicles that maximize comfort for the driver.
Three steps to design car seats at vehicle concept using digital human body models with Oscar and H-point to remain consistent with Federal laws and SAE recommended practicies.
Side Impact and composite rail analysis using LS-DYNASuravi Banik
Side impact test of truck was simulated in LS-DYNA with pole and moving deformable barrier according to FMVSS and IIHS. Composite materials were used in rails to see the difference between steel and composite.
Monocoque/Unibody: A type of construction where the body and chassis are integrated into a single structure. This design enhances strength and reduces weight compared to traditional body-on-frame construction.
Defining Automotive Technology by SouLSteerShobhit Gosain
Defining automotive technology from scratch. Must for any dealership owner or any sales man of a automobile dealership. Anyone related to automobile cars or industry this presentation is for you.
5 Warning Signs Your BMW's Intelligent Battery Sensor Needs AttentionBertini's German Motors
IBS monitors and manages your BMW’s battery performance. If it malfunctions, you will have to deal with an array of electrical issues in your vehicle. Recognize warning signs like dimming headlights, frequent battery replacements, and electrical malfunctions to address potential IBS issues promptly.
Comprehensive program for Agricultural Finance, the Automotive Sector, and Empowerment . We will define the full scope and provide a detailed two-week plan for identifying strategic partners in each area within Limpopo, including target areas.:
1. Agricultural : Supporting Primary and Secondary Agriculture
• Scope: Provide support solutions to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Tzaneen, Thohoyandou, Makhado, and Giyani.
2. Automotive Sector: Partnerships with Mechanics and Panel Beater Shops
• Scope: Develop collaborations with automotive service providers to improve service quality and business operations.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Lephalale, Mokopane, Phalaborwa, and Bela-Bela.
3. Empowerment : Focusing on Women Empowerment
• Scope: Provide business support support and training to women-owned businesses, promoting economic inclusion.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Thohoyandou, Musina, Burgersfort, and Louis Trichardt.
We will also prioritize Industrial Economic Zone areas and their priorities.
Sign up on https://profilesmes.online/welcome/
To be eligible:
1. You must have a registered business and operate in Limpopo
2. Generate revenue
3. Sectors : Agriculture ( primary and secondary) and Automative
Women and Youth are encouraged to apply even if you don't fall in those sectors.
Core technology of Hyundai Motor Group's EV platform 'E-GMP'Hyundai Motor Group
What’s the force behind Hyundai Motor Group's EV performance and quality?
Maximized driving performance and quick charging time through high-density battery pack and fast charging technology and applicable to various vehicle types!
Discover more about Hyundai Motor Group’s EV platform ‘E-GMP’!
What Does the PARKTRONIC Inoperative, See Owner's Manual Message Mean for You...Autohaus Service and Sales
Learn what "PARKTRONIC Inoperative, See Owner's Manual" means for your Mercedes-Benz. This message indicates a malfunction in the parking assistance system, potentially due to sensor issues or electrical faults. Prompt attention is crucial to ensure safety and functionality. Follow steps outlined for diagnosis and repair in the owner's manual.
Symptoms like intermittent starting and key recognition errors signal potential problems with your Mercedes’ EIS. Use diagnostic steps like error code checks and spare key tests. Professional diagnosis and solutions like EIS replacement ensure safe driving. Consult a qualified technician for accurate diagnosis and repair.
𝘼𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙋𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙏𝙧𝙖𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙞𝙨 𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙮 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙛𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙞𝙧 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙙𝙪𝙘𝙩𝙨. 𝙒𝙚 𝙝𝙖𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙪𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤𝙢𝙤𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙚𝙨 𝙗𝙪𝙮 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙧𝙤𝙢 𝙪𝙨.
Over the 10 years, we have gained a strong foothold in the market due to our range's high quality, competitive prices, and time-lined delivery schedules.
"Trans Failsafe Prog" on your BMW X5 indicates potential transmission issues requiring immediate action. This safety feature activates in response to abnormalities like low fluid levels, leaks, faulty sensors, electrical or mechanical failures, and overheating.
Things to remember while upgrading the brakes of your carjennifermiller8137
Upgrading the brakes of your car? Keep these things in mind before doing so. Additionally, start using an OBD 2 GPS tracker so that you never miss a vehicle maintenance appointment. On top of this, a car GPS tracker will also let you master good driving habits that will let you increase the operational life of your car’s brakes.
What Does the Active Steering Malfunction Warning Mean for Your BMWTanner Motors
Discover the reasons why your BMW’s Active Steering malfunction warning might come on. From electrical glitches to mechanical failures and software anomalies, addressing these promptly with professional inspection and maintenance ensures continued safety and performance on the road, maintaining the integrity of your driving experience.
What Exactly Is The Common Rail Direct Injection System & How Does It WorkMotor Cars International
Learn about Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDi) - the revolutionary technology that has made diesel engines more efficient. Explore its workings, advantages like enhanced fuel efficiency and increased power output, along with drawbacks such as complexity and higher initial cost. Compare CRDi with traditional diesel engines and discover why it's the preferred choice for modern engines.
Why Is Your BMW X3 Hood Not Responding To Release CommandsDart Auto
Experiencing difficulty opening your BMW X3's hood? This guide explores potential issues like mechanical obstruction, hood release mechanism failure, electrical problems, and emergency release malfunctions. Troubleshooting tips include basic checks, clearing obstructions, applying pressure, and using the emergency release.
In this presentation, we have discussed a very important feature of BMW X5 cars… the Comfort Access. Things that can significantly limit its functionality. And things that you can try to restore the functionality of such a convenient feature of your vehicle.
3. • Tailfin
• The tailfin era of automobile styling encompassed the 1950s and 1960s, peaking
between 1957 and 1960. It was a style that spread worldwide, as car designers picked up
styling trends from the US automobile industry where it was the golden epoch of
American autodesign
4. Center console
The center console in an automobile refers to the control-bearing surfaces in
the center of the front of the vehicle interior. The term is applied to the area
beginning in the dashboard and continuing beneath it, and often merging with
the transmission tunnel which runs between the front driver's and passenger's
seats of many vehicles
5. Fascia
Fascia often refers to the decorative panels of a car's dashboard or
the entire dashboard assembly
6. Fender skirts
Fender skirts, known in Australia and the United Kingdom as spats,
are pieces of bodywork on the fender that cover the upper portions of
the rear tires of an automobile
7. Glove compartment
A glove compartment or glovebox or glovie is a compartment built
into the dashboard, located over the front-seat passenger's footwell in
an automobile often used for miscellaneous storage
8. Greenhouse
The greenhouse (or glasshouse) of a car comprises the
windshield rear and side windows, the pillars separating them
(designated A-pillar, B-pillar and so on, starting from the car's
front), and the car's roof
9. Hood scoop
A bonnet/hood scoop, sometimes called bonnet airdam/air
dam, or colloquially speed hole, is an upraised component on
the hood of an automobile that either allows a flow of air to
directly enter the engine compartment, or appears to do so
10. Nerf bar
A nerf bar is a tubular device fitted to the side of a racecar, typically
single-seat race cars that compete on asphalt or dirt oval tracks. A
"nerf" is a small, sometimes intentional, collision between two cars
in which one driver bumps the other to facilitate a successful pass.
The nerf bar protects the sides of the vehicles and also keeps their
tires from becoming entangled
11. Power bulge
A power bulge is a raised part (a bulge) of the hood of a car. The
reason for a power bulge is to fit for instance a large engine or air
filters that otherwise would not fit. Sometimes a power bulge is
used to be able to fit a larger engine into a car that originally was
not designed for it or it may be a design choice to be able to get a
lower profile. As a power bulge is associated with performance
cars it may also be used as a design element to give the
impression of a fast car
12. Quarter panel
A quarter panel is the body panel (exterior surface) of an automobile
between a rear door (or only door on each side for two-door models and
the trunk (boot) and typically wraps around the wheel well. The similar
front section between the door and the hood (bonnet) , is called a fender
but is sometimes incorrectly also referred to as a quarter panel. Quarter
panels are typically made of sheet metal, but are sometimes made of
fiberglass or fiber-reinforced plastic
13.
14.
15. Vehicle Body Engineering
Body Terminology, Visibility & Space
Body Engineering Terminology
- Body Sill : The panel (metal plate) directly below the
bottom of doors supporting the floor and may be used
to combine floor & body.
-
16. - Bonnet : The metal cover over the engine compartment
- Bulk Head : A transverse support or assembly in a
body structure.
- Boot : A compartment which takes luggage and often
the spare wheel & fuel tank
- Center Pillar : The central vertical support of a four
door saloon, sometimes referred to as B-C post
17. Vehicle Body Engineering
Body Terminology, Visibility & Space
Body Engineering Terminology
- Cant Rail : The longitudinal framing of the roof at the
joint
- Cant Panel : The curved section of the roof top running
between the comparatively flat top and the rain
channel
- Door Skins : Door exterior panels/outside door panels
- Door Trim : The interior lining of a door
-
18. - Drip Moulding : A roof gutter to direct water from door
openings
- Fire wall : Panel dividing engine compartment from
passenger compartment
19. Vehicle Body Engineering
Body Terminology, Visibility & Space
Body Engineering Terminology
- Head Lining : The material, cloth, PVS, etc.
- Heel Board : A vertical board or panel rear seat which
forms the support for the seat cushion
- Hinge Pillar : A pillar on which the door swing open or
close
- Pillar : A vertical support of a body frame
- Quarter Panel : The curved side panels extending from
the door to the rear end of the body including the wing
or the curved panels which connect the side panels,
including the rear wing
20.
21. Vehicle Body Engineering
Body Terminology, Visibility & Space
Body Engineering Terminology
- Quarter light : The window directly above quarter panel
- Scuttle Panel: The panel between bonnet & windscreen
-
Sub- frame : Members to which the engine & front-end
assembly are attached
22. Vehicle Body Engineering
Body Terminology, Visibility & Space
Body Engineering Terminology
- Sub- frame : Members to which the engine & front-
end
assembly are attached
- Tunnel : A raised floor panel section for drive shaft
clearance
- Wheel arch : A break in the rear panels to
accommodate the rear mudguards and wheels
23. Vehicle Body Engineering
Body Terminology, Visibility & Space
Body Engineering Terminology
- Bearers : The cross- members that support the body
floor. They are located on either chassis member or
longitudes
- Bulker : A general term for vehicles carrying liquid and
powder
- Cab : The part of a vehicle enclosing the driver
- Cant rail : The member which connects the side panels
of vans to the roof structure
24. Vehicle Body Engineering
Body Terminology, Visibility & Space
Body Engineering Terminology
- Cleat : Bracket used for joining longitudinal transverse
body members
- COE : Abbreviation for “cab over engine”
- CV : Abbreviation for “commercial vehicle”
- Drop side panels : Hinged panels which are fitted to
the sides of platform bodies
- GRP : Abbreviation of glass reinforced plastic used for
vehicle roofs and vehicle cab
- GVW : Gross Vehicle Weight is total weight of vehicle
- Longitudes : The main longitudinal members of a body
25. Vehicle Body Engineering
Body Terminology, Visibility & Space
Body Engineering Terminology
which normally rest upon the chassis
- Overhang : The dimension from the center-line of the
rear axle to the rear of the body
- Pay load : The difference between gross vehicle weight
and unladen weight , that is carrying weight of vehicle
- Rave : Often referred to as bottom rail, this is the
longitudinal section which mates with the outer
extremities of the floor & bearers and in case of
vans, connects with the side panel
- Rub rail : A longitudinal section fitted to van sides in
26. Vehicle Body Engineering
Body Terminology, Visibility & Space
Body Engineering Terminology
order to minimize damage to side sheets
27. Vehicle Body Engineering
Body Terminology, Visibility & Space
• Requirements of Automobile Body
A frameless type body of an Automobile must
satisfy requirements in terms of :
Strength
Stiffness
Space
Air Drag
Protection against weather
Resistance to Corrosion
Protection in accident
28. Vehicle Body Engineering
Body Terminology, Visibility & Space
• Strength : Body must withstand all types of forces to which
vehicle is subjected to ;
- weight of the vehicle, passenger, luggage
- inertia, braking, & side forces
- impact loads of reasonable magnitude
• Stiffness : Body may be considered as a beam supported on
wheels at each end. It must possess sufficient stiffness to
prevent sagging in the middle.
• Torsional Stiffness : Body should be sufficiently rigid to resist
twisting on bad roads.
• Space : Adequate space to be provided in the body for
passenger and luggage.
29. Vehicle Body Engineering
Body Terminology, Visibility & Space
• Air drag : Resistance of air during vehicle movement depends
upon body shape. The shape of the body should be such that
the air drag is minimum
• Protection against weather : Body should be such that the
occupants and luggage not affected from weather.
• Resistance to Corrosion : Body should be designed such that
no moisture is accumulated and material should be such that
rust & corrosion does not take place.
• Protection in accident : It is an important consideration of
vehicle body design. Driver must be at maximum ease to
avoid accident due to fatigue. However, body should be
designed such that the occupants are best protected even in
case of accident
30. Vehicle Body Engineering
Body Terminology, Visibility & Space
Visibility
• Good all round visibility is one of the main requirements of
body design
- Visibility depends upon the window opening and their relative
position to the occupants
- Figures below show eye position of driver, angle of visibility
& space between the pillar and seat
32. Vehicle Body Engineering
Body Terminology, Visibility & Space
Visibility
• Types of Visibility
- If occupant is placed close to windscreen the forward
visibility is considerably improved but comfortable entry is
adversely affected as dimension between pillar & seat is
decreased requiring suitable shaping of the door, if possible.
- Downward visibility can be improved by positioning the
driver as high as possible in relation to the lower edge of
windscreen.
- Rearward visibility is achieved by increase in glass area
required to maintain rear view vertical angle with back
window
33. Vehicle Body Engineering
Body Terminology, Visibility & Space
Space Requirements & Methods of its Improvements
• Amount of space has to be allocated to passenger needs
according to dimension & type of body
• Space for access to fuel tank, spare wheel, batteries,
tools, boot, and spare wheel placing, etc. depend upon
dimension & type of body and the inventiveness of the
designer.
• Window opening should ensure good visibility without
affecting stiffness of the body shell.
• Main requirement of door opening is the comfort of entry
In two door design passage way to back seat should be
ensured
34. Vehicle Body Engineering
Body Terminology, Visibility & Space
Space Requirements & Methods of its Improvements
Measurement of comfortable passage way is
shown in figure.
35. Vehicle Body Engineering
Body Terminology, Visibility & Space
Space Requirements & Methods of its Improvements
• Avoid pockets for the feet by sloping the door post &
side walls as shown.
36. Vehicle Body Engineering
Body Terminology, Visibility & Space
Space Requirements & Methods of its Improvements
• Considerable experience in design is needed to position
the compartments in a planned outline of the body.
• Good utilization of space is particularly significant for
small vehicles and in general makes the vehicle lighter
resulting in improved power-to-weight ratio. This
reduces cost of vehicle also.