Description of Automobile Chassis,body,frame and types

1. TYPES OF AUTOMOBILES
K.G.Maheswaran

2. The Automobile bodies are divided in two groups
Body
Passenger Body Commercial body

3. According to other usage:
• 1. Light vehicle Bodies - cars, jeeps
• 2. Heavy vehicle Bodies – Busses, Lorries• 2. Heavy vehicle Bodies – Busses, Lorries
• 3. Medium vehicle Bodies - Vans, Metadoors

4. REQUIREMENTS OF BODIES FOR VARIOUS
TYPES OF VECHILE
• 1. The body should be light.
• 2. It should have minimum number of components.
• 3. It should provide sufficient space for
passengers and luggage.
• 4. It should withstand vibrations while in motion.
• 5. It should offer minimum resistance to air.

5. • 6. It should be cheap and easy in manufacturing.
• 7. It should be attractive in shape and colour.
• 8. It should have uniformly distributed load.
• 9. It should have long fatigue life• 9. It should have long fatigue life
• 10.It should provide good vision and ventilation.

9. CHASSIS FRAME AND BODY
Term initially used to denote the frame parts
or Basic Structure of the vehicle
A vehicle with out body is called Chassis
A bare ladder frame

10. System parts mounted on the Chassis frame are
• Power plant, Transmission System, Axles,
Wheels and Tyres, Suspension
• Controlling Systems like Braking, Steering etc.
• Electrical system parts
Chassis frame is also called as Carrying Unit

12. Main components of the Chassis
1.Frame: two long side members riveted together with
the help of number of cross members.
2. Engine or Power plant: It provides the source of
power
3. Clutch: It connects and disconnects the power from3. Clutch: It connects and disconnects the power from
the engine flywheel to the transmission system.
4. Gear Box
5.U Joint
6. Propeller Shaft
7. Differential

13. 1. To carry load of the passengers or goods carried
in the body.
2. To support the load of the body, engine, gear box
etc.,
3. To withstand the forces caused due to the sudden
FUNCTIONS OF THE CHASSIS FRAME:
3. To withstand the forces caused due to the sudden
braking or acceleration
4. To withstand the stresses caused due to the bad
road condition.
5. To withstand centrifugal force while cornering

14. According to chassis design three types of frames
• 1. Conventional frame
TYPES OF CHASSIS FRAMES
• 2. Integral frame
• 3. Semi-integral frame

15. • Two long side members and 5 to 6 cross members
joined together with the help of rivets and bolts.
Example : This type of frame is used for trucks.
• The frame sections used generally are
Conventional frame
a.Channel Section - Good resistance to bending
b. Tabular Section - Good resistance to Torsion
c. Box Section - Good resistance to both bending and Torsion

16. • Uses welded steel alloy
metal
• C-channel or box frame
construction
• Note engine cradle in front
and rear axle hump in rear
• Used on large cars and
Full Frame ChassisFull Frame Chassis
• Used on large cars and
most all trucks
• Body made in separate unit
and bolted to chassis

17. Pickup truck frame. Notice hat-
shaped crossmember in the
background,c-shape rails and
crossmember in center, and a
slight arch over the axle
Pickup truck chassis showing an
x-shaped crossmember at the back.

18. • Used now a days in most of the cars
• No frame and all the assembly units are attached to
the body.
• All the functions of the frame carried out by the
body itself.
Integral Frame / Frameless construction
body itself.
• Cheaper and due to less weight most economical
also.
• Disadvantage is repairing is difficult
ALSO CALLED “UNITISED BODY CONSTRUCTION”
OR “MONOCOQUE”

19. Unitized Body ConstructionUnitized Body Construction
• Called Unibody/ Monocoque• Called Unibody/ Monocoque
• All body and frame parts welded together
• Light weight but strong structurally
• Most cars use this construction

20. • Advantage: Cheap for mass production.
Inherently good crash protection.Space efficient.
• Disadvantage: Impossible for small-volume
production.
Unitized Body ConstructionUnitized Body Construction
production.
• Who use it ? Nearly all mass production cars, all
current Porsche.

21. • Half frame is fixed in the front end on which engine
gear box and front suspension is mounted.
• It has the advantage when the vehicle is met with
Semi - Integral Frame
• It has the advantage when the vehicle is met with
accident the front frame can be taken easily to
replace the damaged chassis frame.
• This type of frame is used in FIAT cars and some of
the European and American cars

22. Space Frame Construction
• Newest type of construction Hybrid unibody
• Used on race cars first but now used in passenger cars
• Many use plastic fenders and body panels

23. • Advantage: Very strong in any direction. (compare with
ladder chassis and monocoque chassis of the same
weight)
• Disadvantage: Very complex, costly and time consuming
to be built.
• Impossible for robotised production. Besides, it engages
Space Frame Construction
• Impossible for robotised production. Besides, it engages
a lot of space, raise the door sill and result in difficult
access to the cabin.
• Who use it ? All Ferrari before the 360M, Lamborghini
Diablo, Jaguar XJ220, Caterham, TVR etc

26. Platform chassis types

29. Body Subframe and Under floor structure

32. 1.Short duration Load - While crossing a broken patch
2.Momentary duration Load - While taking a curve.
3.Impact Loads - Due to the collision of the vehicle.
VARIOUS LOADS ACTING ON THE FRAME
4.Inertia Load - While applying brakes.
5.Static Loads - Loads due to chassis parts.
6.Over Loads - Beyond Design capacity